Obesity usually exacerbates the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITME), hindering CD8⁺ T cell infiltration and function, which further represents a significant barrier to the efficacy of immunotherapy. Herein, a multifunctional liposomal system (CR-Lip) for encapsulating celastrol (CEL) was utilized to remodel obesity-related ITME and improve cancer immunotherapy, wherein Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) was detected interspersed in the phospholipid bilayer and its glycosyl exposed on the surface of the liposome. CR-Lip had a relatively uniform size (116.5 nm), facilitating favorable tumor tissue accumulation through the interaction between Rg3 and glucose transporter 1 overexpressed in obese tumor cells. Upon reaching the tumor region, CR-Lip was found to induce the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of HFD tumor cells. Notably, the level of PHD3 in HFD tumor cells was effectively boosted by CR-Lip to effectively block metabolic reprogramming and increase the availability of major free fatty acids fuel sources. In vivo, experiments studies revealed that the easy-obtained nano platform stimulated enhanced the production of various cytokines in tumor tissues, DC maturation, CD8⁺ T-cell infiltration, and synergistic anticancer therapeutic potency with aPD-1 (tumor inhibition rate = 82.1%) towards obesity-related melanoma. Consequently, this study presented an efficacious approach to tumor immunotherapy in obese mice by encompassing tumor eradication, inducing ICD, and reprogramming metabolism. Furthermore, it offered a unique insight into a valuable attempt at the immunotherapy of obesity-associated related tumors.

Objective To investigate the effect of electromagnetic wave power density on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)in the hippocampus of SD rats under 1800 MHz electromagnetic wave irradiation,and whether it exhibits a"window effect".Methods Ninety-eight 4-week-old SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into 14 groups,with 7 rats in each group.Seven groups were exposed groups(frequency:1800 MHz,power densities:0.1 mW/cm2,0.3 mW/cm2,0.5 mW/cm2,0.7 mW/cm2,0.9 mW/cm2,1.0 mW/cm2,1.2 mW/cm2)and corresponding 7 groups were control groups(power density:0 mW/cm2).Exposure was conducted for 12 hours daily for 3 weeks.After exposure,Western Blot was used to detect the expression level of GFAP in the hippocampal tissue,and immunohistochemistry staining was performed to determine the average optical density(MOD)value of GFAP-positive expression products in the DG,CA3,and CA1 regions of the hippocampal tissue,to determine the power density window of GFAP expression in the hippocampus of SD rats under 1800 MHz exposure.Results At power densities of 0.1 mW/cm2 and 0.3 mW/cm2,Western Blot results showed increased expression of GFAP in the rat hippocampus(P<0.05),and immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated increased MOD values of GFAP in the three regions(P<0.05).Conclusion Long-term exposure to 1800 MHz elect-romagnetic radiation has a"window effect"on the expression of GFAP in the DG,CA3,and CA1 regions of the hippocampus in SD rats,with power density windows of 0.1 mW/cm2 and 0.3 mW/cm2.

Over the past decade, research has increasingly identified unique dysregulations in lipid metabolism within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Lipids, diverse biomolecules, not only constitute biological membranes but also function as signaling molecules and energy sources. Enhanced synthesis or uptake of lipids in the TME significantly promotes tumorigenesis and proliferation. Moreover, lipids secreted into the TME influence tumor-resident immune cells (TRICs), thereby aiding tumor survival against chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This review aims to highlight recent advancements in understanding lipid metabolism in both tumor cells and TRICs, with a particular emphasis on exogenous lipid uptake and endogenous lipid de novo synthesis. Targeting lipid metabolism for intervention in anticancer therapies offers a promising therapeutic avenue for cancer treatment. Nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) have emerged as a means to maximize anti-tumor effects by rewiring tumor metabolism. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent literature on the development of NDDSs targeting tumor lipid metabolism, particularly in the context of tumor immunotherapy. It covers four key aspects: reprogramming lipid uptake, reprogramming lipolysis, reshaping fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and reshuffling lipid composition on the cell membrane. The review concludes with a discussion of future prospects and challenges in this burgeoning field of research.

The theory of "liver opens at the eyes" was first seen in Yellow Emperor's Internal Canon of Medicine， which is the ancient people's summary of the connection between the liver and the eyes. The theory of "liver opens at the eyes" suggests the characteristic of "co-damage and co-recover of liver and eyes". It has been found in clinical practice that liver diseases and eye diseases often occur together， and "liver and eyes co-recover" is an ideal choice. The key to achieving "liver and eyes co-recover" is to analyze its pharmacological material basis and mechanism. With the development of modern medicine， more and more evidence indicates that the liver and eyes have complex and close relationships in physiological and pathological aspects. In a pathological state， there is a phenomenon of "liver and eyes co-damage"， and after the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine， "liver and eyes co-recover" occurs. "Liver and eyes co-damage and co-recover" can be explained through the "co-material basis and co-action mechanism". On this basis， the research group tentatively proposed that the liver and eyes had "four common characteristics" （4CCs）， namely "co-damage， co-recover， co-material basis， and co-action mechanism" from the theoretical connotation of traditional Chinese medicine， clinical practice， and molecular biology. Additionally， the group also took the intervention of Prunella vulgaris， traditional Chinese medicine， for removing liver fire and improving eyesight on immune liver injury （ILI） and allergic conjunctivitis （AC） as examples to analyze 4CCs. This project aims to deeply analyze the scientific connotation of the theory of "liver opens at the eyes"， reveal the common characteristics and biological essence of liver and eyes， explore a new research paradigm of "liver and eyes co-recover"， and provide a reference for the study of common problems of multi-organ associated diseases.

A label-free electrochemical immunosensor using hollow structure nanomaterials based on its ordered porous and big surface area was designed. Au nanocage, with good conductivity, catalysis, and biocompatibility, was prepared and modified on the surface of glassy carbon electrode with graphene to immobilize antibody of microcystin directly. In the absence of microcystin, biosensor can obtain high current response signal of electrochemical probe ( [ Fe( CN) 6 ] 3-/4-. When microcystin was combined with its antibody specifically, the charge density and mass transfer resistance on the surface of electrode increased, resulting in a decrease of the corresponding peak current of [ Fe ( CN ) 6 ] 3-/4-. This change was in proportion to the concentration of microcystin indirectly. Experiment conditions such as cultivation time of antigen and concentration of antibody were optimized. The results showed wide linear range of 0. 05 μg/L-1. 0 mg/L and the detection limit of 0. 017 ng/mL. This sensor has good stability and simple production procedure. This sensor provides a new and simple means for the ultrasensitive determination of microcystins in real water samples.

This paper retrospectively analyzed the quality control methods of Fructus Forsythiae, summarized the corresponding achievements and problems on its quality control. It can provide some available envidences for the quality control of Fructus Forsythiae and its preparations.