Objective To explore the effect of compound centella asiatica on diabetic kidney disease(DKD)by regulating intestinal microflora metabolism.Methods Sixty DKD patients who visited Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital from January to December 2022 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,with 30 patients in each group.Patients in control group received basic treatment guided by lifestyle and diet,while patients in experimental group received treatment with compound centella asiatica on the basis of control group.Both groups of patients were followed up for 6 months to measure gut microbiota metabolite levels,urinary protein,and other indicators.Results After treatment,the levels of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)in experimental group increased,while the levels of trimethylamine oxide(TMAO),indophenol sulfate(IS),microalbuminuria/creatinine(ACR),and 24-hour urinary protein quantification(24hPro)decreased;24hPro and ACR of experimental group patients were lower than those of control group.ACR in DKD patients is positively correlated with TMAO and negatively correlated with SCFA(P＜0.05).Conclusion ACR in DKD patients is positively correlated with TMAO and negatively correlated with SCFA;Compound centella asiatica can increase the levels of SCFA in DKD patients,reduce the levels of TMAO,IS,and ACR,indicating that compound centella asiatica can regulate the metabolic levels of gut microbiota in DKD patients and reduce proteinuria.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is intricately linked to the most severe clinical manifestations of brain damage. It encompasses dynamic pathological mechanisms, including hemodynamic disorders, excitotoxic injury, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and neuronal death. This review provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of biomaterial-based tissue engineering scaffolds and nano-drug delivery systems. As an example of functionalized biomaterials, nano-drug delivery systems alter the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. They provide multiple targeting strategies relying on factors such as morphology and scale, magnetic fields, pH, photosensitivity, and enzymes to facilitate the transport of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier and to promote selective accumulation at the injury site. Furthermore, therapeutic agents can be incorporated into bioscaffolds to interact with the biochemical and biophysical environment of the brain. Bioscaffolds can mimic the extracellular matrix environment, regulate cellular interactions, and increase the effectiveness of local treatments following surgical interventions. Additionally, stem cell-based and exosome-dominated extracellular vesicle carriers exhibit high bioreactivity and low immunogenicity and can be used to design therapeutic agents with high bioactivity. This review also examines the utilization of endogenous bioactive materials in the treatment of TBI.

AIM: To investigate the correlation of degree of myopia in adolescents with axial length, corneal curvature and axial ratio.METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A total of 246 adolescents(492 eyes)aged 8-18 years consecutively enrolled for orthokeratology lens fitting at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between 2021 and 2023 were included based on random sampling method, with 447 eyes finally included due to the elimination of 45 eyes that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Biometric measurements under scotopic conditions assessed axial length(AL), corneal radius of curvature(CR), and AL/CR ratio. Cycloplegic refraction determined spherical equivalent(SE), classifying eyes into mild(216 eyes)or moderate(231 eyes)myopia groups. Furthermore, the correlation of degree of myopia with AL, CR and AL/CR was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis.RESULTS: A statistically significant difference in myopia severity was observed between the 8-12-year-old and 13-18-year-old age groups(all P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences between mild and moderate groups in SE, AL and AL/CR(all P<0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed significant negative correlations of SE with AL and AL/CR(r=-0.531, -0.598, all P<0.001). The areas under the ROC curve(AUC)for predicting moderate myopia were 0.812(95% CI: 0.773-0.852)for AL/CR combined with gender and age, 0.800(95% CI: 0.759-0.841)for AL/CR alone, 0.726(95% CI: 0.680-0.773)for AL alone, and 0.548(95% CI: 0.494-0.601)for CR alone. The optimal AL/CR cut-off value for predicting moderate myopia was 3.189(sensitivity: 0.632, specificity: 0.852), suggesting its potential as a clinical threshold.CONCLUSION: In adolescents with mild-to-moderate myopia, AL/CR, AL, and SE showed significant negative correlations. The combination of AL/CR with gender and age demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy for SE. AL/CR shows independent predictive value for myopia degree in adolescents, irrespective of refractive status.

Objective To explore the effect of compound centella asiatica on diabetic kidney disease(DKD)by regulating intestinal microflora metabolism.Methods Sixty DKD patients who visited Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital from January to December 2022 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,with 30 patients in each group.Patients in control group received basic treatment guided by lifestyle and diet,while patients in experimental group received treatment with compound centella asiatica on the basis of control group.Both groups of patients were followed up for 6 months to measure gut microbiota metabolite levels,urinary protein,and other indicators.Results After treatment,the levels of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)in experimental group increased,while the levels of trimethylamine oxide(TMAO),indophenol sulfate(IS),microalbuminuria/creatinine(ACR),and 24-hour urinary protein quantification(24hPro)decreased;24hPro and ACR of experimental group patients were lower than those of control group.ACR in DKD patients is positively correlated with TMAO and negatively correlated with SCFA(P＜0.05).Conclusion ACR in DKD patients is positively correlated with TMAO and negatively correlated with SCFA;Compound centella asiatica can increase the levels of SCFA in DKD patients,reduce the levels of TMAO,IS,and ACR,indicating that compound centella asiatica can regulate the metabolic levels of gut microbiota in DKD patients and reduce proteinuria.

AIM: To study the degree of astigmatism, axial distribution and axial symmetry pattern of binocular astigmatism in primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years with myopia.METHODS:A total of 239 cases(478 eyes)of primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years who underwent keratoplasty for myopia correction at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2020 to 2022 were randomly selected, and optometry was performed under ciliary muscle paralysis and was statistically analyzed.RESULTS:Astigmatism degree: 0.25 to 1.00 D accounted for 78.5%, 1.25 to 2.00 D accounted for 17.1%, and >2.00 D accounted for 4.4%. The axial distribution of astigmatism: 86.6% was astigmatism with the rule, 5.9% was astigmatism against the rule, and 7.5% was oblique astigmatism; both genders and different astigmatism degrees were dominated by astigmatism with the rule, and there were differences with the other two axes(both P<0.05). Axial symmetry pattern of astigmatism: the median axial difference in astigmatism between the direct symmetry model and the mirror symmetry model was 7° and 10°, respectively, with no statistical significance in both models(P=0.158), and there was no difference between the two in gender, degree of astigmatism, and axial distribution of astigmatism, but in the age group of 7-12 years old, the difference between the axial astigmatism of the direct symmetry model and the mirror symmetry model was statistically significant(P=0.027).CONCLUSION:The axial distribution of binocular astigmatism in myopic primary and middle school students is mostly astigmatism with the rule; the degree of astigmatism is more common from 0.25 to 1.0 D; however, there is no tendency for axial symmetry pattern of astigmatism.

[Objective]To summarize Professor LOU Lihua's clinical experience in treating postpartum lactation deficiency after the influenza pandemic.[Methods]By clinical shadowing,recording medical cases and reviewing literature,the clinical experience of Professor LOU in the treatment of postinfective postpartum hypogalactia was summarized from two aspects:etiology and pathogenesis,clinical treatment;and one clinical case was presented.[Results]Professor LOU Lihua points out that after infection,this disease is mainly related to the burning of body fluids and the deficiency of both the lungs and spleen. The treatment should nourish Yin and replenish Qi,protect the spleen and stomach,promote emotional well-being,and rebuild the lactation reflex,supplemented by dietary therapy. The presented case study involved postpartum lactation deficiency after the influenza pandemic,was diagnosed as lung and spleen deficiency,body fluid burning syndrome. Therefore,the method of nourishing Yin and replenishing Qi was adopted,and the "Tongru Yulin Decoction" was used with modifications. At the same time,attention was paid to emotional counseling and post-recovery dietary care. After treatment,the patient's symptoms were relieved,and the breast milk became abundant and unobstructed.[Conclusion]Professor LOU Lihua has rich experience in treating postpartum lactation deficiency after the influenza pandemic. Her treatment methods,which include nourishing Yin and replenishing Qi,protecting the spleen and stomach,promoting emotional well-being,have achieved significant clinical results and are worthy of reference.

[Objective]To summarize Professor LOU Lihua's clinical experience in treating postpartum lactation deficiency after the influenza pandemic.[Methods]By clinical shadowing,recording medical cases and reviewing literature,the clinical experience of Professor LOU in the treatment of postinfective postpartum hypogalactia was summarized from two aspects:etiology and pathogenesis,clinical treatment;and one clinical case was presented.[Results]Professor LOU Lihua points out that after infection,this disease is mainly related to the burning of body fluids and the deficiency of both the lungs and spleen. The treatment should nourish Yin and replenish Qi,protect the spleen and stomach,promote emotional well-being,and rebuild the lactation reflex,supplemented by dietary therapy. The presented case study involved postpartum lactation deficiency after the influenza pandemic,was diagnosed as lung and spleen deficiency,body fluid burning syndrome. Therefore,the method of nourishing Yin and replenishing Qi was adopted,and the "Tongru Yulin Decoction" was used with modifications. At the same time,attention was paid to emotional counseling and post-recovery dietary care. After treatment,the patient's symptoms were relieved,and the breast milk became abundant and unobstructed.[Conclusion]Professor LOU Lihua has rich experience in treating postpartum lactation deficiency after the influenza pandemic. Her treatment methods,which include nourishing Yin and replenishing Qi,protecting the spleen and stomach,promoting emotional well-being,have achieved significant clinical results and are worthy of reference.

Objective:To investigate the expression level of plasma miR-320c in patients with osteoarthritis(OA), and explore the clinical significance and the role in pathogenesis of OA.Methods:The clinical data and peripheral blood of 30 patients with OA, 30 patients with connective tissue diseases and 30 healthy control individuals were collected.The levels of plasma miR-320c were detected byfluorescentquantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR). Correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation of plasma miR-320c level with knee X-ray data and VAS pain score in OA patients.Finally the miR-320c mimic, the miR-320c inhibitor, and the control material were transfected to the chondrocyte HC-a.The proliferative capacity of HC-a chondrocytes was examined at different time points as determined by the CCK-8 assay.Results:The expression level of plasma miR-320c was significantly higher in OA group(3.26±0.55)than that in the connective tissue diseases group(1.62±0.50)and in healthy control group(1.21±0.66)( F=107.66, P<0.001). Plasma miR-320c expression was positively correlated with radiographic grade( r=0.830, P<0.001), and had no correlation with VAS pain score in OA group( P>0.05). Through repeated measurement variance analysis, the time effect, the group effect and the interaction effect between group and time showed statistically significant differences in chondrocyte proliferation between NC mimic group and miR-320c mimic group( Ftime=5256.767, Fgroup=1947.436, Ftime×group=114.314, all P<0.001). The level of proliferation was significantly reduced.Apoptosis rate of chondrocytes was significantly increased in the group transfected with miR-320c( t=7.85, P<0.01). Conclusions:The expression level of plasma miR-320c is significantly higher in osteoarthritis patients and associated with knee radiographic severity grade.Furthermore, over-expression of miR-320c could suppress the proliferation of chondrocytes.Plasma miR-320c might be potential bio-marker for osteoarthritis knee severity assessment, and involves in regulating chondrocyte growth in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.

Objective:To explore the prognosis and treatment experience of fetal/neonatal ovarian cyst.Methods:Clinical data of 35 cases of fetal/neonatal ovarian cyst (38 ovarian cysts) admitted to Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from June 2014 to December 2019 were retrospectively collected, including the cyst size before and after birth, ultrasonic features, intraoperative conditions, and pathology. According to the ultrasonic features at the first prenatal detection, the ovarian cysts were divided into two groups: simple cyst group (25 cysts) and complex cyst group (13 cysts). Two independent samples t-test and Fisher exact test were used to compare the characteristics of cysts between the two groups. The outcomes and treatment experience were summarized. Results:(1) The ratio of intraoperative torsion in the complex cysts group was higher than that in the simple cysts group [10/13 vs 32% (8/25), Fisher exact test, P<0.05]. (2) Twenty-five simple cysts were found on the first prenatal ultrasound scan, and 32% (8/25) of them eventually transformed into complex cysts. Among these eight cysts, the maximum diameter of five cysts was >4 cm before the transformation. (3) Postnatal ultrasound found one cyst regressed spontaneously and among the remaining 37 cysts, simple and complex type cysts were accounted for 16 and 21, respectively. Among the complex type cysts, 90% (19/21) were consistent with prenatal ultrasound. (4) Out of the 21 complicated cysts, 19 were surgically removed; the remaining two cysts (maximum diameter <3 cm) were observed conservatively and disappeared spontaneously within one year. During the operation, 81% (17/21) of the complicated cysts were found with torsion and 24% (5/21) with ovarian loss. Conclusions:Simple cysts can transform into complex cysts, especially the biggest diameter >4 cm. Complex fetal/neonatal ovarian cysts indicated by ultrasonography were more prone to torsion, which required postnatal operation.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of plasma microRNA (miRNA) profiles and bioinformatics in patients with osteoarthritis(OA) in order to search for diseases related biomarkers.Methods:Blood samples from 20 cases of OA patients and 15 cases of normal control (NC) were collected to extracted total RNA in plasma. The plasma miRNA expression profile was tested by using Agilent Human miRNA array. Target gene analysis and clustering analysis were performed on differentially expressed microRNAs. Three differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-134-5p, miR-320c and miR-940) were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for further confirmation of microarray data. The differences were tested using t test analysis. Results:① MiRNA microarray showed that compared with NC, there were 74 differential expression genes in plasma of patients in the OA group (FC≥2, P≤0.01), among which 45 were up-regulated and 29 were down-regulated. ② A total of 2 731 potential target genes were predicted in three database, and involved in 462 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEEG) pathways. Target gene ontology (GO) functional clustering found that the main functions of miRNAs were intercellular adhesion, collagen synthesis, intracellular signal transduction, etc. The main KEGG pathways of miRNAs include mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, osteoclast differentiation signaling pathway, etc. ③ The expression level of miR-20a-5p and miR-320c in OA group were significantly higher than that in controls ( t=-6.142, P<0.05; t=-3.854, P<0.05), while miR-940 was significantly lower than that of controls ( t=2.767, P<0.05) . The trend was consistent with the microarray data. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve analyses showed that they were useful biomarkers for differentiating patients with OA from controls. Conclusion:The study shows that plasma in OA patients has a specific miRNAs expression, and miRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of OA.