Objective: To explore the long term trend of forced vital capacity to weight index (FWI) among Chinese Han students aged 7-18 from 2000 to 2019, and to predict its changes over the next decade, so as to provide scientific evidences for targeted health interventions and school health policies. Methods: Based on the data of the five Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health conducted from 2000 to 2019, a total of 216 500, 233 565, 215 267, 214 256 and 212 632 Han students aged 7-18 were included, respectively. The long term trend of FWI among students was analyzed, and the GM (1,1) grey model was used to predict FWI changes over the next decade. Subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, age, and urban-rural residence. Results: The FWI levels of Chinese Han students aged 7-18 were (55.30±11.47)(47.43±11.92)(48.11±12.46)(48.75±12.81)(50.93±13.11)mL/kg in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2019, respectively. The FWI of Chinese Han students showed a decreasing then increasing trend from 2000 to 2019, reaching the lowest point of approximately 47.03 mL/kg around 2006, and was projected to recover to 52.88 mL/kg by 2029. Boys had higher FWI for each year and the total level than girls from 2000 to 2019( t =72.58-304.66), and the decline between 2000 and 2005 was smaller in boys (13.1%) than in girls (15.4%). However, the gender gap gradually narrowed and was projected to reduce to 5.36 mL/kg by 2029. FWI increased with age, with the largest difference observed in 2014 between the 7-9 and 16-18 age groups (8.62 mL/kg). Before 2014, urban boys had slightly lower FWI than rural boys; the gap narrowed thereafter, and their FWI levels were expected to become similar by 2029. Urban girls generally had higher FWI than rural girls, and the urban-rural gap showed an increasing trend. By 2029, the largest difference was projected to occur in the 13-15 age group, reaching 7.74 mL/kg. Conclusions The FWI of Chinese Han students showed a trend of initial decline followed by a gradual increase from 2000 to 2019, with notable differences across sex, age, and urban-rural residence. Greater attention should be paid to the respiratory health of rural girls, and effective measures should be taken to reduce urban-rural disparities.

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) in Bozidun Kirghiz township of Xinjiang Aksu region, and to explore the risk factors for the occurrence of HUA in the local area.Methods:A cross-sectional survey study was conducted by randomly selecting 9 villages in Bozidun Kirgiz Township by the whole-group sampling method and questionnaire were distributed to the households. The questionnaire included: demographic information, history of past illness, personal history, and all subjects were measured for height, weight, blood pressure, abdominal circumference, etc. The diagnostic of HUA if the serum uric acid (SUA) level >420 μmol/L in men or >360 μmol/L in women. The incidences of HUA in different age, sex, food type and life style behavior were analyzed. T test, non-parametric test and Chi-square test were used to analyze the differences among the groups, and logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors. Results:①A total of 2 138 subjects were surveyed, among which 68 patients were with HUA, the prevalence of HUA in Bozidun Kirghiz township, Aksu region in the general population was 3.18%(68/2 138); the prevalence rate in men was 4.60%(45/978), 45 patients were identified; and the prevalence rate in women was 1.98%(23/1 160), 23 patients were identified. The peak age of HUA in male and female patients was 51~60 years old. ②The prevalence of HUA was lower in those who consumed dairy products ( χ2=6.91, P=0.017), nuts ( χ2=8.43, P=0.038) and eggs ( χ2=7.38, P=0.023), and lower in those who consumed more. Different intake of cereals ( χ2=0.87, P=0.647), meat( χ2=0.82, P=0.662), vegetables and fruits( χ2=5.22, P=0.073) had no effect on the prevalence of HUA.③In terms of different life behaviors, the prevalence of HUA in men who had been smoking was higher than those who had never smoked (57.78%, 28.89%, 13.33%, χ2=8.16, P=0.017). In the relationship between drinking and HUA, the prevalence rates of male always drinking, ever drinking and never drinking were 80.00%, 11.11% and 3.89%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6.67, P=0.038). ④Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that high BMI, old age, high TG, increased Cr and increased WBC were risk factors for the occurrence of HUA [ OR(95% CI)=1.13(1.04, 1.23), 1.03(1.00,1.05),1.39(1.00, 1.93), 1.03(1.02, 1.05), 1.27(1.07, 1.49), all P<0.05]. Conclusion:The prevalence of HUA in Bozidun Kirgiz township in Aksu prefecture of Xinjiang is lower than that in other areas with continental climate. High BMI, old age, high TG, increased Cr and increased WBC count are risk factors for the development of HUA .

Objective:To explore the predictive value of preoperative pelvic floor electromyography(EMG)parameters for the risk of urinary incontinence after prostate cancer surgery.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 271 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy in the urology department of Peking University First Hospital from January 2020 to October 2022.The data included patient age,body mass index(BMI),international prostate symptom score(IPSS),prostate-specific antigen(PSA)levels,Gleason score,type of surgery,urethral reconstruction,lymph node dis-section,nerve preservation,catheterization duration,D'Amico risk classification,American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)score,Charlson comorbidity index,postoperative duration,prostate volume,and pelvic floor EMG parameters(pre-resting mean,fast muscle mean,and slow muscle mean scores).Independent risk factors affecting early postoperative urinary incontinence were identified through multiva-riate Logistic regression analysis.The predictive efficacy of pelvic floor EMG results was evaluated by cal-culating the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and the optimal threshold for early postoperative urinary incontinence was determined based on the Youden index and clinical signifi-cance.Results:The study included 271 prostate cancer patients,with an 81.9％rate of voluntary urinary control post-surgery.The median score for fast pelvic floor muscles was 23.5(18.2,31.6),and for slow muscles,it was 12.5(9.6,17.3).Among the patients,179(66.1％)did not preserve nerves,and 110(40.6％)underwent urethral reconstruction.Advanced age and low fast muscle scores were identified as independent risk factors for urinary incontinence.Patients aged ≤60 had 5.482 times the voluntary urinary control rate compared with those aged ≥70(95％CI:1.532-19.617,P＜0.05).There was a significant correlation between fast muscle scores and urinary incontinence recovery(OR=1.209,95％CI:1.132-1.291,P＜0.05).When the optimal threshold for preoperative fast muscle score was set at 18.5,the ROC sensitivity and specificity were 80.6％and 61.2％,respectively.Con-clusion:Preoperative pelvic floor EMG parameters show good predictive accuracy and clinical applicabili-ty for the risk of urinary incontinence after prostate cancer surgery.These parameters can be used for ear-ly identification of urinary incontinence risk,with age and fast muscle scores being important predictors.

Objective:To investigate the expression level and application value of anti-carbamylated protein(CarP)antibody in rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:Demographic data and laboratory test results of RA patients,non-RA patients and healthy controls in the physical examination center were re-viewed from December 2018 to June 2019 in the Rheumatology and Immunology Department of the Peo-ple's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.The serum concentrations of anti-CarP antibodies in all the subjects were measured by ELISA and statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 259 subjects were included in this study,including 158 in the RA group(45 serum-negative RA patients),59 in the non-RA group and 42 in the healthy control group.The concentration of anti-CarP antibody in RA group[8.31(5.22,15.26)U/mL]was higher than that in non-RA group[4.50(3.35,5.89)U/mL]and healthy control group[3.46(2.76,4.92)U/mL].The concentration of anti-CarP antibody in non-RA group was not significantly different from that in healthy control group(P=0.10).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed that the sensitivity of anti-CarP antibody in the diagnosis of RA was 58.2％,and the specificity was 93.1％.The sensitivity of the combined detection of anti-CarP antibody,anti-cyclic peptide containing citrulline(CCP)antibody and rheumatoid factor(RF)was 82.3％,and the specificity was 96.5％.The positive rate of anti-CarP antibody in serum-negative RA patients was 44.4％(20/45).Univariate Logisitic regression analysis showed that age,C-reactive pro-tein(CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),RF,glucose-6-phosphate isomerase(GPI),anti-CCP antibody and anti-CarP antibody were risk factors for RA.Multivariate Logisitic regression analysis showed that anti-CCP antibody and anti-CarP antibody were independent risk factors for RA.Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between anti-CarP antibody and swol-len joint count(SJC),tenderness joints count(TJC),ESR,disease activity score for 28 joints(DAS28),clinical disease activity index(CDAI),simplified disease activity index(SDAI).The concentration of anti-CarP antibody in RA with bone erosion(n=88)was higher than that in RA without bone erosion(n=70),and there was significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Anti-CarP antibody is an effective serological marker for the diagnosis of RA.The combined detection of RF,anti-CCP antibody and anti-CarP antibody can improve its diagnostic value,and anti-CarP antibody may be an effective assistant diagnostic tool for serum negative RA.The high serum concentration of anti-CarP antibody in patients with RA may indicate an increased risk of bone erosion and should be treated early,but further cohort studies are needed for follow-up observation.

Objective:To observe the change of retinal artery angle in eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) and to analyze the relationship between retinal artery angle, ERM classification based on optical coherence tomography (OCT), and visual acuity.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional clinical study. A total of 187 eyes in 187 patients diagnosed with monocular idiopathic ERM (IERM group) in Department of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University at Hangzhou from November 2018 to January 2023 were included in the study. The contralateral healthy eyes were included as the control group. All patients underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus photography, spectral-domain OCT, OCT angiography (OCTA) and axial length (AL) measurement. BCVA examination was performed using the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, which was converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area was measured by OCTA. The central macular thickness (CMT) was measured by spectral domain OCTaccording to the grading criteria of ectopic inner foveal layer (EIFL) was divided into stages 1 to 4 with 42, 45, 62, and 38 eyes, and the IERM group was subdivided into stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, and stage 4 groups accordingly. Image J was used to measure the retinal artery angle and the 1/2 retinal artery angle on fundus images. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between BCVA and artery angle, 1/2 artery Angle, CMT, FAZ area and AL.Results:Compared with the control group, eyes in IERM group had worse BCVA ( t=9.727), thicker CMT ( t=12.452), smaller FAZ area ( t=-14.329), smaller artery angle ( t=-9.165) and smaller 1/2 artery angle ( t=-9.549). The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001). With the increase of IERM stage, the artery angle and 1/2 artery angle decreased significantly ( F=21.763, 12.515; P<0.001). There was no significant difference in artery angle and 1/2 artery angle between stage 1 group and stage 2 group, and 1/2 arterial angle between stage 2 group and stage 3 group ( P>0.05). There were significant differences in artery angle and 1/2 artery angle between the other groups ( P<0.05). There were significant differences in CMT and logMAR BCVA among different classification subgroups in IERM groups ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in FAZ area between grade 3 group and grade 4 group ( P>0.05). There were significant differences in FAZ area between the other groups ( P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that decreased artery angle ( P=0.013) and increased CMT ( P<0.001) were associated with decreased BCVA. Conclusions:Compared with healthy eyes, the artery angle decreases significantly with the increase of ERM stage. Decreased retinal artery angle is associated with decreased visual acuity in IERM eyes.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of different types of anomalous origin of the coronary artery.Methods:A case-series study was conducted.Based on the clinical data of children diagnosed with anomalous origin of the coronary artery at Shanghai Children′s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2013 to January 2023, the diseases of different types of anomalous origin of the coronary artery were summarized.Results:A total of 177 children with anomalous origin of the coronary artery were treated.Among them, 122 children developed the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA), including 54 males and 68 females, with a median age of 1.2 years; 6 children developed the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ARCAPA), including 3 males and 3 females, with a median age of 4.3 years; 9 children developed the anomalous left coronary artery from the right coronary sinus (ALCA), including 6 males and 3 females, with a median age of 9.5 years; 40 children developed the anomalous right coronary artery from the left coronary sinus (ARCA), including 24 males and 16 females, with a median age of 7.7 years.Most children diagnosed with ALCAPA had onset within 1 year of age, with chronic heart failure as the main manifestation, and young children were often accompanied by severe mitral regurgitation.A total of 111 children underwent surgery, and 11 children died.Six children with ARCAPA had no obvious clinical symptoms and were treated by operation according to the principle of double coronary circulation after diagnosis.Nine children with ALCA started with syncope, chest pain or abdominal pain after exercise.Eight of the children underwent surgical treatment, including 1 who received a heart transplant.Of the 40 children with ARCA, 23 children had clinical manifestations, with chest tightness, syncope, and chest pain after exercise as chief complaints; 16 children were tested positive for treadmill exercise before surgery; and a total of 13 children received surgical treatment.Conclusions:Different types of anomalous origin of the coronary artery vary in severity.The clinical manifestations of the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery are generally serious, and most of such patients have the risk of cardiac insufficiency or sudden death.Once diagnosed, surgical treatment should be performed timely.The clinical manifestations of the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery are relatively mild, and only a few may have serious consequences, which are usually treated according to the principle of individualization or double coronary circulation.

Objective:To explore the development trajectory and influencing factors of self compassion in elderly patients with first stroke hemiplegia, in order to provide a theoretical basis for adopting more targeted intervention measures at different stages and early identification of elderly stroke hemiplegia patients with sustained low self compassion.Methods:This was a prospective longitudinal study. Convenience sampling method was used to select 247 elderly patients with first-episode stroke admitted to Sanya Central Hospital (Hainan Third People′s Hospital) from January to December 2022 and who were assessed as semi-disabled (Barthel index was 40-99 ) before discharge. The baseline data of patients were collected by general information questionnaire, self-compassion scale, simplified fear of disease progression scale and social support rating scale. The self-compassion level of patients was evaluated before discharge, 1 month after discharge, 3 months after discharge and 6 months after discharge.The latent class growth model (LCGM) was used to identify the development trajectory of self-compassion, and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the predictors of different development trajectory categories.Results:Ultimately, 219 patients completed the entire investigation and follow-up. There were 132 males and 87 females, aged (69.74 ± 4.05) years old. The self-compassion level of patients before discharge, 1 month after discharge, 3 months after discharge and 6 months after discharge were (72.37 ± 11.53), (74.65 ± 13.26), (76.84 ± 12.11), (79.45 ± 13.64) points, and there were positive correlation between scores ( r values were 0.29-0.55, all P<0.05). Three different trajectory change categories were identified by LCGM, namely high-level stable group (29%,63/219), low-level delayed decline group (23%, 51/219), and medium-level elevated group (48%, 105/219).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that per capita monthly income<2 000 yuan ( OR=2.857, 95% CI 1.093-7.464, P<0.05), high comorbidities ( OR=5.625, 95% CI 1.971-16.051, P<0.01), high fear of disease progression ( OR=1.167, 95% CI 1.080-1.261, P<0.01), and low social support ( OR=00.763, 95% CI 0.595-0.979, P<0.05) were more likely to enter the low-level delayed decline group, and high school education( OR=4.429, 95% CI 1.479-13.265, P<0.01) and high social support ( OR=1.120, 95% CI 1.043-1.202, P<0.01) were more likely to enter the middle-level rise group. Conclusions:The development trend of self-compassion in elderly stroke patients with semi-disability can be divided into three different trajectories: high-level stable group, low-level delayed decline group and medium-level elevated group. Low income level, more comorbidities and fear of disease progression are not conducive to the development of self-compassion after discharge, while high education level and social support are conducive to the improvement of self-compassion after discharge. Medical staff can formulate targeted intervention programs to improve patients′ self-compassion based on the above influencing factors.