Objective To preliminary explore the imaging manifestations of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients with different levels of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on TNBC patients who underwent preoperative DBT or CEM examinations at Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2018 to December 2019 and Shanghai Second People’s Hospital from January 2022 to May 2025. Clinical data, pathological and immunohistochemical results, and imaging data were collected. Results A total of 69 TNBC patients pathologically confirmed as invasive ductal carcinoma were included, among which 34 underwent DBT and 35 underwent CEM. Among these patients, 34 (49.28%) had HER2-low expression and 35 (50.72%) had HER2-zero expression. DBT results showed that the proportion of spiculation signs in HER2-low group (n＝14) was significantly higher than that in HER2-zero group (n＝20; P＝0.009, P_adj＝0.045). However, there were no significant differences in breast density type, mass shape, or calcification between the two groups. CEM results showed that on low-energy images, the proportion of spiculation signs in the HER2-low group (n＝20) was higher than that in the HER2-zero group (n＝15; P＝0.011, P_adj＝0.077). Results of CEM showed that on reconstructed images, differences in background parenchymal enhancement and mass enhancement patterns between the two groups were not statistically significant; in both groups, heterogeneous enhancement was the most common, followed by homogeneous enhancement, with ring enhancement being the least common. Conclusions TNBC with low HER2 expression and TNBC with zero HER2 expression may have potential differences in the presentation of spiculation signs on DBT. However, the correlation between CEM manifestations and TNBC with different HER2 expression levels requires further research.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection by using the method of two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Methods:Genetic variation data for NHL came from the Finnish database (FinnGen) Consortium 2021 public genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset including 1 088 patients with NHL and 299 952 control subjects. The GWAS dataset for chronic HBV infection was derived from GWAS analysis published in 2021, including 145 NHL patients and 351 740 control subjects. NHL was used as an exposure factor, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) significantly associated with NHL was used as an instrumental variable (IV), chronic HBV infection was used as an outcome variable. The two-sample MR analysis was performed by using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Chronic HBV infection was taken as an exposure factor, SNP significantly associated with chronic HBV infection was taken as IV, and NHL was taken as outcome variable, and then reverse two-sample MR analysis was performed. The IVW method used the inverse variance of each IV as the weight to fit, and the ratio method was used to measure SNP one by one and make weighted regression analysis, so as to obtain the overall estimate. MR-Egger regression and the weighted median (WME) method were also used to supplement the IVW method. In sensitivity analysis, leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate the impact of a single SNP. Cochran Q test was used to analyze the heterogeneity of the selected IV. MR-Egger regression was used to measure the average horizontal pleiotropy of IV, and the P-value of directivity was calculated. The MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) Global Test was used to exclude possible horizontal pleiotropic outliers and reduce bias. Results:In the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, SNP with significant effects on causal associations was excluded. In forward MR analysis, IVs were 10 SNPs associated with NHL; the IVW method indicated that there was no causal association between NHL and chronic HBV infection ( OR = 0.979, 95% CI: 0.925-1.036, P = 0.465). MR-Egger regression ( OR = 0.992, 95% CI: 0.926-1.062, P = 0.825) and WME method ( OR = 0.992, 95% CI: 0.934-1.055, P = 0.805) were used as supplementary methods to obtain the consistent results. In sensitivity analysis, Cochran Q test showed no heterogeneity among IVs (IVW method: P = 0.271, MR-Egger regression: P = 0.239). Horizontal pleiotropy was not found in the MR-Egger regression (intercept was -0.01, P = 0.778) and the MR-PRESSO Global Test ( P > 0.05), suggesting robust results. In the reverse MR analysis, IVs were 8 SNPs associated with NHL; the IVW method ( OR = 1.117, 95% CI: 0.942-1.324, P = 0.202) also found no significant causal relationship between chronic HBV infection and NHL; MR-Egger regression ( OR = 0.777, 95% CI: 0.450-1.343, P = 0.401) and WME method ( OR = 1.120, 95% CI: 0.887-1.415, P = 0.351) also showed similar risk estimates. Sensitivity analysis also suggested the consistency and reliability of the results. Cochran Q test showed no heterogeneity among IVs (IVW method: P = 0.775, MR-Egger regression: P = 0.903). Horizontal pleiotropy was not found by MR-Egger regression (intercept was 0.102, P = 0.548) and MR-PRESSO Global Test ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:MR analysis suggests no causal relationship between NHL and chronic HBV infection.

Objective To explore the relationship between triglyceride-glucose index(TyG)and acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion(AIS-LVO)of anterior circulation.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients with anterior circulation AIS-LVO who underwent emergency endovascular thrombectomy at Neurovascular Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from Jan.2018 to Dec.2019.According to modified Rankin scale(mRS)score 90 d after operation,the patients were assigned to favorable outcome group(mRS score 0-2)or unfavorable outcome group(mRS score 3-6),and the TyG was compared.According to the median of TyG,the patients were assigned to low-TyG group(TyG＜8.57)or high-TyG group(TyG ≥8.57),and the clinical data,laboratory indexes,and imaging characteristics were compared.Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of TyG for poor prognosis.Results A total of 135 patients were enrolled,with 72 in the favorable outcome group and 63 in the unfavorable outcome group.The TyG of the unfavorable outcome group was significantly higher than that of the favorable outcome group(8.82+0.63 vs 8.43+0.60,P＜0.001).There were 67 patients in the low-TyG group and 68 in the high-TyG group.Compared with the low-TyG group,the proportion of patients with hyperlipidemia history(P=0.003),systolic blood pressure at admission(P=0.018),fasting blood glucose level(P＜0.001),and triglyceride level(P＜0.001)were significantly higher in the high-TyG group,the infarct core volume was significantly larger(P=0.025),the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was significantly lower(P=0.013),and the mRS score 90 d after operation was significantly higher(3[1,5]vs 1[0,5],P=0.049).The TyG had certain predictive value for poor prognosis in anterior circulation AIS-LVO patients(area under curve value=0.662,95％confidence interval 0.571-0.753).Conclusion TyG is elevated in anterior circulation AIS-LVO patients with poor prognosis,and may be a potential prognostic indicator for anterior circulation AIS-LVO patients.

Objective The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the clinical and imaging characteristics,treatment and prognosis of 13 patients with granulomatous prostatitis(GP),and to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment for GP.Methods The clinical information of 13 GP patients extracted from electronic medical records including demographic characteristic risk factors,clinical symptoms,laboratory findings,imaging findings(ultrasound,CT,MRI,FDG-PET-CT),treatment and outcomes were analyzed retrospectively from January 2018 to August 2023 at our center.Results The average age of 13 patients with GP was(65.69±6.46)years.And the average score of IPSS was(23.40±5.8).Five patients appeared positive results,of which 11 cases received digital rectal examination.The average level of pre-biopsy tPSA was(23.28±44.94)μg/L with fPSA/tPSA ratio of 0.11±0.05 and PSAD of(0.55±1.07)μg/l/mL.The pre-biopsy mean MRI PI-RADS 2.0 was(4.6±0.6)in this group of patients.Extraprostatic invasion was shown on imaging in 4 patients.The average number of biopsy needles was(19.6±3.9),and the pathological results showed tuber-culous granulomas in 2 cases(15.4％)and non-specific granulomatous inflammation in 11 cases(84.6％).Five patients received local treatment of the prostate after pathological confirmation(PVP in 4 cases,TURP in 1 case),2 patients re-ceived anti-tuberculosis therapy,and 3 cases were given antibiotics.Average follow-up was(20.6±11.2)months,and the average tPSA were(6.94±4.96)μg/L at 3-6 months after biopsy and/or surgery,with no obvious signs of malignancy during the follow-up period.Conclusion GP is the great mimicker of prostate cancer clinically and radiologically.Pros-tate biopsy is the method for confirming the diagnosis.For patients who are considering biopsy-free radical prostatectomy,it is important to consider the possibility of GP.

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the primary fibrogenic cells in the liver, and their activation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of hepatic fibrosis. Here, we report that retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXRα), a unique member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a key modulator of HSC activation and liver fibrosis. RXRα exerts its effects by modulating calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ)-mediated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPKα). In addition, we demonstrate that K-80003, which binds RXRα by a unique mechanism, effectively suppresses HSC activation, proliferation, and migration, thereby inhibiting liver fibrosis in the CCl₄ and amylin liver NASH (AMLN) diet animal models. The effect is mediated by AMPKα activation, promoting mitophagy in HSCs. Mechanistically, K-80003 activates AMPKα by inducing RXRα to form condensates with CaMKKβ and AMPKα via a two-phase process. The formation of RXRα condensates is driven by its N-terminal intrinsic disorder region and requires phosphorylation by CaMKKβ. Our results reveal a crucial role of RXRα in liver fibrosis regulation through modulating mitochondrial activities in HSCs. Furthermore, they suggest that K-80003 and related RXRα modulators hold promise as therapeutic agents for fibrosis-related diseases.

Objective To analyze the factors influencing iodine nutritional status in pregnant women dur-ing pregnancy,based on thyroid function and thyroid autoantibody levels,and to explore the association between iodine nutritional abnormalities and pregnancy outcomes.Methods A total of 838 pregnant women who underwent routine prenatal checkups at Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital between January 2021 and June 2023 were pro-spectively enrolled in this study.All participants were followed until delivery.Seven cases were lost to follow-up,resulting in a final sample size of 831 participants.Among them,276 were in the first trimester,384 in the second trimester,and 171 in the third trimester.Data on urinary iodine concentration(UIC),urinary creatinine(UCr),thyroid function indicators,and thyroid autoantibodies were collected.Based on their iodine nutritional status,the participants were categorized into either the iodine-sufficient group or the iodine-abnormal group(including iodine-deficient,iodine-hyper-sufficient,and iodine-excessive subgroups).This study analyzed the iodine nutritional sta-tus of pregnant women during different gestational periods,compared thyroid function indices,prevalence of thy-roid diseases,and the positivity rates of thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb),thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb),and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody(TRAb)among different iodine status groups.Additionally,ad-verse pregnancy outcomes were compared across groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors associated with iodine abnormalities during pregnancy,and a predictive model was developed to assess its potential predictive value.Results Among the 831 pregnant women included in the study,373 cases(44.89％)exhibited iodine sufficiency,while 458 cases(55.11％)presented with iodine abnormalities,including 282 cases of iodine deficiency,144 cases of iodine hypersufficiency,and 32 cases of iodine excess.No statistically significant differences were observed in the iodine nutritional status across different trimesters(P>0.05).The se-rum level of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)was significantly higher in the iodine abnormal group compared to the iodine sufficient group(P<0.05).Additionally,the iodine abnormal group demonstrated higher positivity rates of TPOAb alone,TGAb,and TRAb,as well as increased incidence of thyroid dysfunction and total adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to the iodine sufficient group(all P<0.05).These adverse indicators were also sig-nificantly elevated in the iodine-deficient,iodine super-sufficient,and iodine overdose subgroups compared to the iodine sufficient group(P<0.05).Elevated serum TSH levels and the presence of TPOAb,TGAb,and TRAb were identified as risk factors for iodine abnormalities during pregnancy(P<0.05).The predictive model con-structed for identifying iodine abnormalities in pregnant women demonstrated an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.876,with a sensitivity of 72.27％and a specificity of 89.01％.Conclusions The prevalence of iodine nutritional abnormalities among pregnant women during pregnancy was high,with most cases presenting iodine deficiency.These abnormalities were associated with thyroid function,thyroid autoimmunity,and pregnancy outcomes,but showed no significant correlation with gestational age.Furthermore,the prediction model developed based on iden-tified risk factors demonstrated effective performance in predicting iodine nutritional abnormalities during preg-nancy.

Objective:To investigate the effects of melatonin(Mel)on inflammatory damage in the retina of rats with oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR)and the molecular mechanisms.Methods:Healthy neonatal SD rats were di-vided into the sham group(Sham),the model group(OIR),and the melatonin treatment group(OIR+Mel).The OIR model was induced by alternating 50%/10%oxygen concentration exposure for 14 d.The OIR+Mel group was in-jected intraperitoneally with 10 mg-kg-1 melatonin.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the morpho-logical changes in the retinal tissue;immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of retinal cleaved-caspase-1 and IL-1β proteins;and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of cGAS-STING-NL-RP3 signaling molecules and gasdermin(GSDMD)in the microglia of the retina.Results:HE staining results showed that compared with the Sham group,the retinal cells in the OIR group were disorganized and the thickness of the inner retina was significantly thinner,and the retinal cells in the OIR+Mel group were more neatly arranged compared with those in the OIR group(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the number of cleaved-caspase-1+and IL-1β+cells in the retina of rats in the OIR group increased significantly compared with that in the Sham group,and the number of cleaved-caspase-1+and IL-1β+cells in the retina of rats in the OIR+Mel group decreased signifi-cantly compared with that of the OIR group(P<0.05).Immunofluorescence staining results showed that the number of cGAS+,STING+and NLRP3+cells in the retina of rats in the OIR group increased significantly compared with that in the Sham group,and the number of cGAS+,STING+and NLRP3+cells in the retina of rats in the OIR+Mel group de-creased significantly compared with that in the OIR group(P<0.05);The number of Iba-1+/N-GSDMD+cells in-creased significantly in the OIR group compared with the Sham group,whereas the number of Iba-1+/N-GSDMD+cells in the OIR+Mel group was significantly less than that in the OIR group,but still more than that in the Sham group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Mel inhibits the pyroptosis of retinal microglia,thus attenuates retinal inflammatory injury in OIR rats,and its mechanism may be related to the cGAS-STING-NLRP3 signaling pathway.

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides on the main organs and hormones of male mice infected with Neosporidium.The animal model of neosporidiosis in BALB/c mice was established.After intragastric administration,the pathological changes of brain,liver and spleen were observed by histopathology,the worm load in brain,liver and spleen was detected by qPCR,and the levels of FSH,LH and T4 in serum of male mice were detected by ELISA.The results showed that compared with the blank control group,granular spherical lesions could be seen in the brain tissue of mice in the model group,with patchy necrosis of hepatocytes,splenic hemorrhage,red pulp hyperemia and a large number of red blood cell infil-tration.Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides can improve the injury of brain,liver,spleen and other organs and tissues.The worm load in the brain of the Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide group was significantly lower than that of the model group on the 14th day and 21st day(P＜0.01),and that of the liver and spleen on the 21st day was significantly lower than that of the model group(P＜0.01).The level of FSH in the model group and Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide group was signif-icantly lower than that in the blank control group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),while that in the Inono-tus obliquus polysaccharide group was significantly higher than that in the model group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The level of LH in the model group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group(P＜0.01),while that in the Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide group was significant-ly higher than that in the blank control group on the 7th day and 42nd day(P＜0.05).There was significant difference in T4 level between the model group and the blank group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),while the Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide group was similar to the blank control group on the 21st and 35th day(P＞0.05).Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides can improve the damage of Neosporidium on brain,liver and spleen of male rats,reduce the insect load in brain,liver and spleen,regulate the levels of FSH,LH and T4 hormones,and maintain the stability of reproductive system.

Objective To compare ferroptosis characteristics and motor dysfunction across different mouse models of Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods Animal models of PD were divided into five groups:the control group,sham-operated group,6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)group,1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyri-dine(MPTP)group,and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)group.Differences in ferroptosis-related features and motor dysfunction across these groups were evaluated through behavioral observation,histopathological examination,protein analysis,and assessment of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress levels.Results In all three model groups,the number of TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra on the lesioned side was significantly reduced,accompanied by evident neuronal degeneration and a marked decrease in Nissl bodies.Behavioral assessments revealed that the 6-OHDA group displayed the most severe motor deficits.In the substantia nigra,FTH1 protein expression was significantly downregulated in the 6-OHDA,LPS,and MPTP groups(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01),respectively,while GPX4 expression was also reduced(P<0.001,P<0.001,P<0.01).Malondialdehyde(MDA)levels were significantly elevated in both the 6-OHDA and MPTP groups(P<0.05,P<0.05).Glutathione(GSH)assays demonstrated markedly reduced levels in the 6-OHDA,MPTP,and LPS groups(P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.001).Reactive oxygen species(ROS)detection revealed a significant increase in the MPTP and LPS groups(P<0.05,P<0.05).Conclusion The 6-OHDA model is well suited for studying PD-related behaviors and the underlying mechanisms of motor symptoms,the MPTP model is particularly effective for investigating the ferroptosis pathway,and the LPS model serves as a valuable complement for research on neuroinflammation mechanisms.

Objective:To explore the biodistribution characteristics of mixed activated killer (MAK) immune cells in immunodeficient mice after administration.Methods:Ninety-six immune immunodeficient (NOG) mice (half male and half female) were equally divided into MAK cell group and solvent control group. The MAK cell group mice were injected with DiR-labeled MAK cells via the tail vein, while those in the solvent control group were injected with an equal amount of solvent via the tail vein. The number of MAK cells in the peripheral blood of mice was detected using a flow cytometry at 11 time points from 15 minutes to 84 days after administration. The distribution of MAK cells in mice was measured using in vivo bioluminescence imaging at 18 time points from 5 minutes to 84 days after administration. And at 8 time points from 3 hours to 84 days after administration, the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, brain, stomach, duodenum, colon, bone marrow, fat, skeletal muscle, testes/uterus, epididymis/ovary, and blood were collected from corresponding mice. The DNA levels of MAK cells in blood and various organs of these mice were detected using fluorescence real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method.Results:The flow cytometry results showed that MAK cells could be detected in the peripheral blood of mice 15 minutes after administration, and the highest number of MAK cells in blood appeared during 3 hours to 1 day. By 14 days after administration, MAK cells were almost undetectable in peripheral blood of mice. In vivo bioluminescence imaging results showed that the fluorescence intensity of MAK cells in mice was strongest on days 1 and 2 after administration, and MAK cells were mostly distributed in the liver, spleen, lung, and leg bone of mouse. The qPCR detection results showed that MAK cells were mainly distributed in the spleen and lungs. High levels of MAK cell DNA amplification were observed in organs such as the spleen and lungs 28-56 days after administration, and a certain amount of MAK cell DNA could still be detected in organs of mice such as the spleen at 84 days.Conclusions:After administration, MAK cells were mainly distributed in the spleen, lung, liver and other organs of NOG mice. From 28 to 56 days after administration, MAK cells are significantly activated and proliferate, and a certain amount of MAK cell DNA can still be detected in the spleen and other organs after 84 days in mice.