ObjectiveTo investigate the pathogenic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of diarrheal disease in Fengxian District of Shanghai, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of diarrheal diseases. MethodsBasic information of the initial adult cases visited diarrheal disease surveillance sentinel hospital in Fengxian District, Shanghai, was collected from August 2013 to 2023, and fecal samples were collected at 1∶5 sampling intervals to isolate and identify 5 kinds of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC), Salmonella (SAL), Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella and Yersinia enterocolitica (YE). Simultaneously, nucleic acid detection was performed for 3 kinds of rotavirus, 2 kinds of norovirus, intestinal adenovirus, astrovirus and sapovirus. ResultsA total of 1 861 cases of newly diagnosed diarrheal disease were reported, with the peak in July to August. Additionally, 704 surveillance samples were detected, with a total positive detection rate of 50.57%. The detection rates of bacterial, viral and mixed infection were 25.14%, 21.02% and 4.40%, respectively. Among the pathogens detected, DEC accounted for the highest (17.61%, 124/704), followed by norovirus (16.48%, 116/704), rotavirus (6.39%, 45/704), SAL (5.97%, 42/704) and Campylobacter (3.84%, 27/704). DEC detected were mainly enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, with no detection of Vibrio cholerae, Shigella and YE. The highest total pathogen detection rate was observed from June to September, and the detection peaks of norovirus were from March to June and from October to December, whereas that of DEC was from June to October. The detection rate of rotavirus peaked from January to February, but which was not detected between 2020‒2023. The SAL positive rate peak was in September, whereas that of Campylobacter was from July to September. ConclusionThe main pathogens detected in Fengxian District from 2013‒2019 are DEC, norovirus, rotavirus, SAL and Campylobacter. Different pathogens have different detection peaks, with bacteria predominating in summer and viruses in winter and spring. Prevention and control measures should be carried out according to the epidemiological characteristics of different seasons.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the influencing factors of voriconazole trough concentration and adverse drug reactions （ADR） in renal transplant recipients. METHODS Data from inpatients who received voriconazole and therapeutic drug monitoring in our hospital between January 2022 and August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into renal transplant group and non-renal transplant group based on transplantation status. A 1∶1 propensity score matching （PSM） method was used to balance differences in baselines between the two groups. Voriconazole trough concentrations， target attainment rate， clinical efficacy， and ADR were compared between the two groups. Multiple linear regression （backward） was used to analyze the factors influencing voriconazole trough concentrations in the renal transplant group. Univariate analysis and binary Logistic regression were used to identify independent risk factors for ADR in the renal transplant group. RESULTS After PSM， 48 patients were included in each group. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean voriconazole trough concentration， target attainment rate or efficacy rate between the two groups （P＞0.05）. The total incidence of ADR was significantly higher in the renal transplant group than in the non-renal transplant group （P＜0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age， average daily dose， pulmonary infection， total bilirubin during medication， day-1 loading dose， use of the original drug， concomitant immunosuppressant use， and the occurrence of ADR were factors influencing voriconazole trough concentration in renal transplant patients （P＜0.05）. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that abnormal direct bilirubin during medication [OR＝7.747， 95%CI （1.334， 45.005）， P＝0.023] was an independent risk factor for ADR in renal transplant patients receiving voriconazole. CONCLUSIONS Age， average daily dose， pulmonary infection， use of the original drug， day-1 loading dose， total bilirubin during medication， concomitant immunosuppressant use， and the occurrence of ADR are the factors influencing voriconazole trough concentration in renal transplant patients. Furthermore， patients with abnormal direct bilirubin during medication are more susceptible to ADR.

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of different daily doses of aspirin in the prevention of preeclampsia （PE）. METHODS The case-control studies and prospective randomized controlled trials on aspirin with daily dose ≥ 100 mg （trial group） vs. ＜100 mg （control group） in the prevention of PE were retrieved from PubMed， Medline， Embase， the Cochrane Library， CNKI， China Biomedical Literatue Database and Wanfang Data from base-building to January 2025. After literature screening， data extraction and quality evaluation， meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 11 literatures were included， involving 3 052 pregnant women. Meta-analysis showed the incidence of PE [RR＝0.63， 95%CI （0.53，0.76）， P＜0.000 01]， gestational hypertension [RR＝0.69， 95%CI （0.50，0.94），P＝0.02]， preterm birth [RR＝0.56， 95%CI （0.47，0.66）， P＜0.000 01]， and intrauterine growth retardation [RR＝0.73，95%CI （0.61，0.87），P＝0.000 5] in trial groups were significantly lower than control group. The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage between the two groups had no statistically significant difference [RR＝1.17， 95%CI （0.90，1.53），P＝0.25]. Subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of PE in Chinese pregnant women taking 150 mg of aspirin was significantly higher than taking 100 mg of aspirin [RR＝3.40， 95%CI （1.29， 8.93）， P＝0.01]； but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidences of postpartum hemorrhage， preterm birth （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin with daily dose ≥100 mg is more effective in preventing PE than daily dose ＜100 mg， with lower rates of gestational hypertension， preterm birth， and intrauterine growth retardation. It does not increase the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. For pregnant women in China， daily dose 100 mg of aspirin may be more effective in preventing PE than 150 mg.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of time in range(TIR)and its relationship with oxidative stress(OS)and insulin resistance status(HOMA-IR)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods According to apnea-hypopnea index(AHI),165 T2DM in patients were divided into simple T2DM group(AHI<5 times/h,n=43),T2DM combine OSAHS mild group(OSAHS-G,5≤AHI<15 times/h,n=51),T2DM combined OSAHS moderate group(OSAHS-M,15≤AHI≤30 times/h,n=40)and T2DM combine OSAHS severe group(OSAHS-S,AHI>30 times/h,n=31).TIR was calculated by dynamic blood glucose monitoring.Superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and other indexes were detected and analyzed.Results Compared with simple T2DM group,the levels of HOMA-IR,8-iso-PGF2a and Ox-LDL were higher in T2DM combined OSAHS-G,OSAHS-M or OSAHS-S group,while the levels of TIR,SOD and GSH-Px were lower(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that TIR was positively correlated with the levels of SOD and GSH-Px(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and negatively correlated with the levels of 8-iso-PGF2a,Ox-LDL,HbA1c,HOMA-IR and the severity of OSAHS(P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that TIR,SOD and GSH-Px were protective factors for severe OSAHS in T2DM patients,while 8-iso-PGE2a and Ox-LDL were the risk factors for severe OSAHS.Conclusions The glucose level fluctuates greatly in patients with T2DM and OSAHS.Insulin resistance and oxidative stress are factors that affect the normalization of TIR.

Objective To explore the effect of circFAT1 on myocardial injury in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)and the regu-latory mechanism of circFAT1 on the miR-211-5p/CCND2 axis.Methods A DCM rat model was established by injecting rats with high glucose and high fat feed combined with STZ.The rats were randomly separated into DCM,circ-NC,circFAT1,circFAT1+agomir-NC,and circFAT1+miR-211-5p agomir groups,with 20 rats in each group;rats fed regular feed were used as control.Real-time PCR was used to detect the levels of circFAT1,miR-211-5p,and CCND2in myocardial tissue and Western blotting was used to detect CCND2 expression in myocardial tissue.The levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),total cholesterol(TC),and triglycerides(TG)of rats were recorded.Car-diac ultrasound was used to detect the cardiac function of rats.Furthermore,HE and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological morphology of myocardial tissue and TUNEL staining was used to detect myocardial apoptosis.Additionally,ELISA was used to detect the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Double luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the targeting relationship among circFAT1,miR-211-5p,and CCND2.Results Compared with the control group,the expression of circFAT1 and CCND2mRNA and protein and the levels of LVEF and LVFS decreased in the DCM group(P<0.05)whereas,the levels of FBG,TC,TG,LVEDd,LVEDs,CVF,cell apoptosis rate,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αincreased(P<0.05).Compared with the DCM group,the levels of circFAT1,CCND2mRNA and protein,LVEF,and LVFS increased in the circFAT1 group(P<0.05),whereas the levels of FBG,TC,TG,LVEDd,LVEDs,CVF,cell apoptosis rate,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α decreased(P<0.05).Furthermore,miR-211-5p agomir reversed the protective effect of circFAT1 on DCM myocardial injury,and the expression of CCND2mRNA and protein decreased(P<0.05).Conclu-sion circFAT1 alleviates myocardial tissue damage in rats with DCM by regulating the miR-211-5p/CCND2 axis.

Fetal arachnoid cyst is a common central nervous system malformation. Prenatal imaging manifestations are prone to confusion with other intracranial cysts. This study comprehensively reviews the literature on fetal arachnoid cysts, including the anatomical foundations, pathogenesis, imaging characteristics, and differential diagnosis. Additionally, the pregnancy management and prognosis of this disease are summarized in this article.

Objective:To investigate the role of speckle-type POZ(pox virus and zinc finger protein) protein (SPOP) in enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection.Methods:Immunoprecipitation analysis was employed to examine the impact of SPOP on the ubiquitin level of EV71 non-structural protein 2A protease (2A pro), while the phosphorylation level of IFR3 protein was assessed through Western blot. Cells were either overexpressed or knockdown of SPOP, followed by infection with EV71. RT-qPCR was utilized to analyze the transcription level of IFN-β, and the transcription level and protein level of EV71 structural protein VP1 were determined using RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Results:The inhibition of EV71 infection in RD cells was observed following transfection with HA-SPOP. Additionally, it was found that the ubiquitin level of EV71-2A pro increased in a gradient-dependent manner. Subsequent transfection with shSPOP plasmid for endogenous SPOP knockdown resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the levels of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS), and p-IRF3. Conversely, transfection with HA-SPOP plasmid led to a dose-dependent increase in the levels of MDA5, MAVS, and p-IRF3. The expression of SPOP, whether high or low, had an impact on the expression of IFN-β in cells. Additionally, the levels of VP1 mRNA or protein were found to be inhibited or increased. Conclusions:SPOP plays a role in increasing the ubiquitination level of EV71-2A pro, which in turn promotes the phosphorylation level of IRF3 and secretion of IFN-β. This effect is achieved by inhibiting the cleavage of 2A pro against key molecules MAVS and MDA5 in the RLR signaling pathway, ultimately leading to the inhibition of EV71 replication.

Objective:This study analyzed the expression of CD24 antigen on bone marrow plasma cells (BMPC) of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and the predictive value of induction therapy.Methods:This clinical observational study utilized 258 MM patients samples treated at the Hematology Department of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital who met the inclusion criteria in the Department of Hematology, Capital Medical University, from August 12th, 2022 to February 1st, 2024. According to the different stages of the disease, patients were divided into three groups: 78 cases of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma(NDMM) (42 males and 36 females, aged 62±11), 56 cases of the relapse refractory group (34 males and 22 females, aged 64±9), and 124 cases of the disease remission group (68 males and 56 females, aged 62±10). Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) was used to detect the expression level of CD24 antigen on BMPC and the relationship between CD24 and MM disease status. The clinical data and test results of 78 NDMM patients at initial diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed, including gender, age, MFC detection of the positive expression rate of antigens (CD19, CD20, CD24, CD27, CD56), the results of efficacy evaluation after induction therapy, ISS staging, R-ISS staging, blood hemoglobin, β2-microglobulin, human serum albumin, serum creatinine, lactate dehydrogenas, correction of calcium, BMPC ratio, and the results of FISH. The patients were divided into a deep remission group [including complete remission (CR) and very good partial remission (VGPR)] with 43 cases and a non-deep remission group (non CR and VGPR) with 17 cases according to the difference of antigen positive expression rate after induction therapy. The differences of antigen expression on BMPC between the two groups were compared. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the expression of each antigen and the efficacy after induction therapy in patients, and the results showed that CD24 was more correlated with the achievement of deep remission after induction therapy than other antigens. Therefore, taking the positive expression rate of CD24 in NDMM patients at the initial diagnosis and deep remission after induction therapy as the research objects, the predictive value of CD24 for NDMM patients reaching deep remission after induction therapy was analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and the optimal cutoff value was obtained. NDMM was divided into two groups according to the cut-off value, and the differences between the two groups in clinical baseline data and prognostic indicators were compared.Results:The positive rates of plasma cell CD24 expression in the NDMM group, the relapse refractory group and the disease remission group were 2.18 (95% CI 0.08-81.85)%, 3.81 (95% CI 0.10-64.56)%, 8.74 (95% CI 0.79-95.55)% respectively. Compared with the disease remission group, the NDMM and relapse refractory group was lower ( Z=-7.889, -5.282, respectively, P<0.001). Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the positive expression rate of CD24 at initial diagnosis between the deep remission group and the non-deep remission group ( Z=-3.265, P<0.001), while there was no significant difference in CD19 ( Z=-0.271, P=0.787), CD20 ( Z=-0.205, P=0.837), CD27 ( Z=-0.582, P=0.560), and CD56 ( Z=-0.328, P=0.743) between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that compared with other antigens [CD19 ( OR=1.045, 95% CI 0.975-1.120, P=0.217), CD20 ( OR=1.000, 95% CI 0.971-1.030, P=0.976), CD27 ( OR=0.997, 95% CI 0.977-1.016, P=0.734), CD56 ( OR=1.006, 95% CI 0.990-1.006, P=0.449)], the expression of CD24 ( OR=0.423, 95% CI 0.990-1.006, P=0.449) on BMPC in NDMM patients was most closely related to the achievement of deep remission was achieved after induction therapy. The lower the proportion of CD24 at the initial diagnosis was, the lower the probability of achieving deep remission after induction therapy was. The area under the curve (AUC) of CD24 in predicting deep remission after induction therapy was 0.772 (95% CI 0.655-0.889, P=0.001), with a sensitivity of 60.50%, a specificity of 85.00%, and the optimal critical value was 2.21%. Compared with the group with plasma CD24 positive rate>2.21%, the group with plasma CD24 positive rate<2.21% had a higher proportion of male (39.47%vs 65.00%, χ2=5.092, P=0.024), ISS stagingⅢ (41.67% vs 58.33%, χ2=6.175, P=0.046), β2 microglobulin (3.19 mg/L vs 4.14 mg/L, Z=-2.257, P=0.024), and BMPC [(8.672±1.827)% vs (19.530±3.188)%, t=-2.963, P=0.004] detected by MFC, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions:The low positive rate of plasma cell CD24 is closely related to the higher tumor burden and the worse disease status of MM patients. In addition, the positive expression rate of CD24 is at initial diagnosis can predict the efficacy achieved after induction therapy, and the lower positive rate of CD24 is, the worse the efficacy achieved after induction therapy. At the same time, MFC detection of CD24 is convenient and efficient in the evaluation and prediction of MM.

Objective To investigate the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)combined with tadalafil(TD)on endometrial receptivity and pregnancy outcomes in patients with thin endometrium(TE).Methods Patients with TE in the department of reproductive medicine of the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from May 2020 to March 2023 were selected as the study subjects.They were divided into a experimental group(G-GSF combined with TD)and a control group(G-GSF)according to the different treatment regimens.The endometrial receptivity[endometrial thickness(EMT),endometrial volume(EMV),endometrial blood flow peak systolic flow rate/end diastolic flow rate(EBF-S/D),endometrial fractionation,endometrial blood flow fractionation,uterine artery pulsatility index(AUPI),uterine artery resistance index(AURI)and uterine arterial peak systolic flow rate/end diastolic flow rate(AU-S/D)]of the TE patients before and after treatment(the endometrial transition day)were compared;the endometrial receptivity on endometrial transformation day,post-treatment pregnancy outcomes[embryo implantation rate(EIR),clinical pregnancy rate(CPR),and early miscarriage rate(ABR)],and the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 60 patients were included in the study,with 30 in each group.Before treatment,the difference in endometrial receptivity between the two groups was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Compared with the pre-treatment period,the EMT,EMV,the proportion of type A endometrium and the proportion of type Ⅱ+Ⅲ endometrial blood flow significantly increased in the two groups after treatment on the endometrial transformation day increased significantly(P＜0.05),while the EBF-S/D,AUPI,AURI and AU-S/D significantly decreased(P＜0.05).EMT and EMV were greater in the experimental group than in the control group(P＜0.05),whereas EBF-S/D,AUPI,AURI and AU-S/D were less than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the differences in the proportion of endometrium,the proportion of endometrial blood flow,EIR,CPR and ABR in the experimental group were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).No adverse reactions occurred during treatment in both groups.Conclusion G-CSF combined with TD can improve endometrial receptivity in TE patients with high safety,but there is no effect on pregnancy outcome.

Lumbar disc herniation is mainly manifested as lower back pain,numbness,weakness,and radiating pain in the lower limbs,which seriously affects the patients'work and quality of life.In clinical practice,it has been found that this disease always belongs to the category of deficiency in healthy qi and excess in pathogenic factors,often accompanied by kidney deficiency and cold dampness.Kidney deficiency is the root cause,while cold dampness is the symptoms.The two factors interact with each other and cause back pain.The treatment is based on dispersing cold and dampness,tonifying the kidneys and strengthening the waist,and the classic ancient formula Shenzhuo Powder is safe and effective.