BACKGROUND:Multiple studies have confirmed that mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway is involved in cell proliferation,and microRNA(miR)is involved in the occurrence and development of hypertrophic scars.Therefore,the role of miR-27a-3p and MAPK signaling pathways in pathological scar formation has been further explored. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of miR-27a-3p on the proliferation of human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts through the MAPK signaling pathway. METHODS:The primary fibroblasts were isolated and collected from the skin samples.The primary fibroblasts were observed by inverted microscope and verified by immunofluorescence.The relative expression level of miR-27a-3p in tissues was detected by qRT-PCR.The target genes of hsa-miR-27a-3p were predicted using the database,and then the predicted target genes were enriched by gene ontology function analysis and biological pathway enrichment analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.There were seven groups:blank control,negative control,miR-27a-3p mimic,miR-27a-3p inhibitor,miR-27a-3p mimic+p38 MAPK inhibitor,miR-27a-3p mimic+extracellular regulated protein kinase inhibitor,miR-27a-3p mimic+c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor.Western blot was used to detect the levels of extracellular regulated protein kinase,c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor.and p38 kinase and their phosphorylation levels.Cell counting kit-8 and EdU were used to detect cell proliferation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with normal skin fibroblasts,hypertrophic scar fibroblasts had stronger proliferative activity(P<0.05)and faster proliferation level(P<0.001).Compared with normal skin,miR-27a-3p was highly expressed in hypertrophic scars(P<0.001).Compared with the negative control group,overexpression of miR-27a-3p could promote cell proliferation activity(P<0.001)and proliferation levels(P<0.001).Compared with the negative control group,knockdown of miR-27a-3p could inhibit the proliferation activity(P<0.05)and proliferation levels(P<0.001).Compared with the negative control group,overexpression of miR-27a-3p promoted the phosphorylated levels of extracellular regulated protein kinase,c-Jun N-terminal kinase,and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(P<0.05).Compared with the negative control group,knockdown of miR-27a-3p inhibited the phosphorylated levels of extracellular regulated protein kinase,c-Jun N-terminal kinase,and p38 MAPK(P<0.05).Compared with the miR-27a-3p mimic group,specific inhibitors of extracellular regulated protein kinase,c-Jun N-terminal kinase,and p38 MAPK reversed the effects of miR-27a-3p on the proliferative activity(P<0.01)and proliferation level(P<0.001)of fibroblasts.To conclude,these results suggest that miR-27a-3p promotes the proliferation of human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts by activating the MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective　To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and infection pathways and virulence factors of one cholera outbreak in Fengxian District, Shanghai, China, in 2024, and to provide scientific basis for epidemic control and prevention. Methods　Epidemiologic data of cases of one cholera outbreak in Fengxian District in 2024 were collected using on-site epidemiologic survey methods; RT-PCR nucleic acid testing and bacterial culture were applied to carry out pathogenicity testing of cases, close contacts, environment, and food samples; and the genome sequences of the strains were obtained using second-generation gene sequencing. Results　The case was a 62-year-old woman, who presented to the doctor with diarrhea for 4 consecutive days, 4-5 times a day, with watery stools, which was not effectively relieved by self-administered medication. There was no history of traveling away from Shanghai for 5 days before the onset of the disease, and she was engaged in the preparation and delivery of food for rural banquets during the period. Vibrio cholerae O139 was detected in the anal swab sample of the case and the septic tank of the workplace on the 4th day after the onset of the disease; samples of turtle and links in the store selling turtle were cultured for Vibrio cholerae O139. The isolate carried several virulence-related genes such as ctxA, ctxB, HlyA, zot, rtxA, hapA, nanH, tdh, and T3SS. Comparison of the isolate with the O139 strain of cholera cluster within our country through the National Pathogenic Bacteria Recognition Network (NPBN) in recent years suggests that the closest environmental or aquatic animal isolate to the sequence of this strain is the turtle isolate uploaded at a place in Guangdong. Conclusion　This outbreak was a disseminated outbreak caused by the case's contact with turtle contaminated with Vibrio cholerae O139, and early detection of enteric infectious diseases such as cholera can be achieved by relying on the outpatient enteric cholera surveillance network.

Objective To investigate the acquisition of the"standard for intubation and maintenance of nasointestinal tube in adult patients"of Chinese Nursing Association,and its influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for targeted training programs.Methods A multi-centered,cross-sectional study was performed in 31 provinces from September to November 2023,and nurses from different departments which use nasointestinal tubes like intensive care units,gastroenterology,neurology,geriatrics were included by a convenient sampling method.The tool was a self-designed questionnaire based on the group standard and the survey was conducted.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of nurses'knowledge of nasointestinal tubes intubation and maintenance.Results 1 350 valid questionnaires were collected.Only 61.63％of the respondents knew about the publishing of the standard.The score of knowledge of tube intubation and maintenance was(61.09±13.56).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed the influencing factors of the score of knowledge of intubation and maintenance were as follows:education level,professional title,job position,intubation experience within half a year,and corresponding achievements(P＜0.05).Conclusion The acqui-sition level of nurses for the standard calls for continuous promotion.Nursing managers should establish targeted training programs based on the related influencing factors,so as to advance the implementation of the group standard.

Objective To investigate the relationship between sleep disorders and coronary heart disease through big data combined with Mendelian randomization analysis.Methods Data from 2005 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States were utilized.Logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the association between sleep disorders and coronary heart disease,while analyzing relevant influencing factors.A two-sample Mendelian randomization approach was implemented using Genome-Wide Association Studies to establish causal relationships.Results Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between sleep disorders and coronary heart disease(P＜0.001),with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio serving as a mediating factor in this relationship(P＜0.001).Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a positive correlation between sleep disorders and coronary heart disease(OR=1.030,95％CI:1.01-1.04).Conclusion Sleep disorders can increase the risk of coronary heart disease by activating inflammatory factors.

Objective:To explore the genetic etiology of congenital solitary functioning kidney (CSFK).Methods:This retrospective study included 422 fetuses diagnosed with CSFK by prenatal ultrasound who underwent invasive prenatal genetic testing at Guangdong Women and Children Hospital between January 2015 and February 2023. These CSFK fetuses were classified into different subtypes (unilateral renal agenesis and unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney) and divided into the isolated group ( n=312) and the non-isolated group ( n=110) based on whether there were other associated abnormalities. The results of G-banding karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and whole-exome sequencing (WES) among fetuses with different subtypes or from different groups were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square (or Fisher's exact) test and rank-sum test. Results:(1) The median maternal age at the time of invasive prenatal diagnosis was 29 years (range: 18-43 years), and the median gestational age was 25 weeks (range: 17-34 weeks). Among the 422 cases, 234 underwent karyotyping and CMA, 63 underwent CMA and WES, and seven underwent all three tests. Therefore, karyotyping, CMA, and WES were completed in 257, 406, and 70 cases, respectively. (2) The detection rate of chromosomal abnormality by G-banding karyotyping was 1.6% (4/257). Among these four cases, CMA detected no abnormalities in one case with chromosomal mosaicism, while the CMA results were consistent with G-banding karyotyping in three cases with chromosomal structural rearrangements. (3) CMA results: The CNV detection was 8.9% (36/406), with 22 cases being classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic CNVs. Common CNV loci included 17q12 (five cases), 22q11.21 (five cases), and 16p11.2 (two cases). Fifteen cases (68.2%) were associated with microdeletion syndromes. Nineteen mothers opted for pregnancy termination, two continued the pregnancies, and one was lost to follow-up. (4) Among the 241 cases that underwent both G-banding karyotyping and CMA (including seven cases with all three tests), the positive rates for G-banding karyotyping and CMA were 1.7% (4/241) and 5.8% (14/241), respectively. Compared to G-banding karyotyping, CMA provided an additional diagnostic yield of 4.1% (10/241). (5) Among the 70 cases that underwent family-based WES, 26 (37.1%) showed abnormal results, including 12 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants and 14 variants of uncertain significance. The positive rateby WES was 17.1% (12/70). Six gene variants (mainly PKD1 and HNF1B variants) were associated with the CSFK phenotype, including five autosomal dominant and one autosomal recessive inheritance. Among the 12 WES-positive cases, six had heterozygous variants and six had compound heterozygous variants. Eight mothers chose to continue the pregnancy, two opted for termination, and two were lost to follow-up. (6) Among the 422 CSFK fetuses, 35 (8.3%) had genetic abnormalities. The highest genetic abnormality rate was observed in CSFK fetuses with isolated urinary system abnormalities (15.1%, 8/53), followed by those with additional non-urinary system abnormalities (12.3%, 7/57), and isolated CSFK fetuses (6.4%, 20/312). The differences among the three groups were statistically significant ( χ2=5.95, P=0.048), but no significant differences were found in pairwise comparisons. Conclusion:The primary genetic etiologies of CSFK fetuses include 17q12 microdeletion syndrome, 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome, and variants in the PKD1 and HNF1B genes.

Objective:To examine the prevalence of malnutrition and evaluate the impact of nutritional support on clinical outcomes in elderly patients diagnosed with gastric and colorectal cancer.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted, analyzing elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors who underwent surgical treatment in the general surgery department from January 2019 to June 2020.The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)criteria were utilized to diagnose malnutrition, and the effects of malnutrition and nutritional support on clinical prognosis were investigated.Results:A total of 426 elderly hospitalized patients with gastric and colorectal tumors who underwent surgical treatment were included in this study.This cohort comprised 199 cases of gastric cancer and 227 cases of colorectal cancer, with ages ranging from 65 to 91 years(mean age: 72.05±5.99).According to the GLIM criteria, 43.7%(186/426)of the patients were diagnosed with malnutrition, of which 25.6%(109/426)were moderately malnourished and 18.1%(77/426)were severely malnourished.Among the gastric cancer patients, 73.4%(146/199)were identified as having nutritional risk, with 48.7%(97/199)being malnourished and 22.6%(45/199)experiencing severe malnutrition.In the colorectal cancer group, 63.9%(145/227)were at nutritional risk, 39.2%(89/227)were malnourished, and 14.1%(32/227)had severe malnutrition.Additionally, 60.3%(257/426)of the patients received nutritional support therapy: 25.4%(108/426)received parenteral nutrition(PN), 11.3%(48/426)received enteral nutrition(EN), 23.7%(101/426)received a combination of EN and PN, while 39.7%(169/426)did not receive any nutritional support.Regardless of the presence or degree of malnutrition, patients who received nutritional support had significantly shorter total hospital stays compared to those who did not receive nutritional support, and this difference was statistically significant( t=5.58, 3.69, 2.21, 3.03, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Providing nutritional support to malnourished patients can reduce the length of hospital stay and improve clinical outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between phase angle and malnutrition, and to determine the malnutrition cut-off point based on phase angle in elderly patients undergoing pancreatic and biliary surgery.Methods:In a case control study, we collected data from 190 elderly inpatients scheduled for pancreatic and biliary surgery at the Department of General Surgery of Beijing Hospital from December 2021 to July 2024.We recorded the subjects' baseline data, dietary survey results, and anthropometric measurements.The phase angle was calculated using the InBody 720 Body Composition Analyzer, and malnutrition was diagnosed according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)criteria.Results:A total of 190 cases were included in the study, of which 111(58.4%)were male, aged 60~90(70.44±7.01) years.The prevalence of malnutrition and severe malnutrition was found to be 65.8% and 23.2%, respectively.As malnutrition worsened, the phase angle decreased( P<0.001 for trend).The phase angle in the malnutrition group was significantly lower than that in the normal group( P<0.001).Furthermore, the phase angle was positively correlated with body mass index(BMI), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI), fat-free mass index(FFMI), total energy intake, and albumin, while it was negatively correlated with the percentage of weight loss(all P<0.05).The cut-off point of the phase angle for predicting malnutrition in elderly patients undergoing pancreatic and biliary surgery was determined to be 4.42°, sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 58.4%, area under the curve 0.698(95% CI: 0.621~0.775, P<0.001).A low phase angle(≤4.42°)was positively correlated with the occurrence of malnutrition( OR=9.133, 95% CI: 2.894~28.826, P<0.001). Conclusions:The present study suggests that phase angle may serve as a simple and valid indicator of malnutrition in elderly patients undergoing pancreatic and biliary surgery.

Objective:To develop a treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:The initial scale was constructed through a literature search, Delphi expert correspondence, and cognitive testing. This study conducted a preliminary survey of 379 patients with MM and a formal survey of 865 patients from the hematology departments of 155 hospitals nationwide from February 2024 to March 2024. The final scale was obtained after conducting item analysis and reliability and validity tests on the initial scale.Results:The constructed scale contains 36 items covering six domains: physiological, psychological, social, treatment side effects, general health, and others. In the preliminary survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.597 to 0.939, and the test-retest reliability was 0.747 ( P<0.001). Exploratory factor analysis extracted eight common factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 60.058%. In the formal survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.484 to 0.930, and the test-retest reliability was 0.835 ( P<0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a comparative fit index of 0.750, a root-mean-square error of approximation of 0.090, and a root-mean-square residual of 0.067. Conclusion:The treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with MM designed in this study exhibited good reliability and validity, reflecting the impact of treatment on the quality of life of patients. This scale can provide a reference to clinicians for assessing the disease status of patients.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of chronic progressive diseases characterized by inflammation,degenera-tion and apoptosis.Chronic neuroinflammation is gradually becoming a potential pathogenic and predisposing factor.As a widely expressed non-histone nucleoprotein,HMGB1 participates in inflammatory process of human body through receptors of advanced glycation end products and Toll-like receptors while maintaining chromosome homeostasis.As a key factor of neuroinflammation,HMGB1 is widely involved in development of neurodegenerative diseases and may become a biomarker and a potential therapeutic target of neurodegenerative diseases.This article reviews the role of HMGB1 in neurodegenerative diseases and tries to provide ground-work for basic research and clinical application for targeting HMGB1 in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

The accurate segmentation of the right ventricle is crucial for cardiac disease research,but its low contrast with surrounding tissues and complex structure make segmentation challenging.To address these issues,a dual-encoder segmentation model combining nested multi-scale feature fusion and feature repurposing modules is proposed.Specifically,the nested multi-scale feature fusion module captures boundary detail features through multi-scale dilated convolutions and reduces the semantic gap between the encoder and decoder using short skip connections,while the feature repurposing module enhances feature extraction ability by leveraging fine-grained features from shallow layers.Ablation experiments show that the inclusion of these two modules improves the Dice similarity coefficient of U-Net by 3.14%.On the ACDC dataset,the proposed model achieves a Dice similarity coefficient of 90.31%and a mean Hausdorff distance of 5.21 mm,outperforming other comparative models.Additionally,its generalization ability is validated on the M&Ms dataset.Experimental results demonstrate the excellent performance and robustness of the proposed model in right ventricle segmentation.