Objective To establish an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)method for the analysis of 29 mineral elements in Artemisiae Argyi Folium(AAF),and to develop a model for judging the origin of AAF based on the elemental fingerprint combined with chemometrics.Methods The variance method was used to compare the contents of 29 mineral elements in AAF samples from Qichun of Hubei province,Hebei province and Henan province,respectively.The discriminant models of AAF from different habitats were established by discriminant analysis,PLS-DA and PCA-Logistic regression algorithms.Results The differences of the 22 elements(V,Cr,Ni,As,Se,Rb,Mo,Cd,Sb,Ba,Hg,Pb,K,Li,B,Mg,Al,P,Ca,Fe,Zn,and Ga)in samples from Qichun of Hubei province,Hebei province and Henan province are extremely significant(P＜0.01).The discriminant analysis model showed that eight kinds of element variables(P,Cr,K,Li,Hg,Ba,Mg,and Mo),which have a significant effect on the origin discrimination are gradually introduced into the discriminant model,and the correct rate of back test is 100％.The correct rate of"leave one method"cross-validation is 96.7％.The PLS-DA model showed good prediction ability,and the variable importance projection values of K,P and Mg elements were greater than one,which could be used as the difference marker of AAF from different habitats.The accuracy of the origin discrimination model constructed by PC A-Logistic regression analysis was 100％.The elements with high first principal component loadings were Li,B,Mg,Al,P,K,Ca,V,Cr,Fe,Ni,Zn,As,Rb,Cd,Sb,and Ba.Conclusion This study shows that elemental fingerprint technology combined with chemometric analysis can identify AAF from Qichun of Hubei province,Hebei province,or Henan,providing technical support for the traceability of the origin of Artemisia argyi.

Influenza is a major public health problem worldwide,resulting in millions of hospitalizations each year.In addi-tion to vaccination and antiviral drugs against influenza,monoclonal antibody therapy is a promising treatment method because of its cross-reactivity and targeting.Widely reactive monoclonal antibodies can bind and neutralize multiple subtypes of influenza A virus,and also show good protective effect on infected mice,showing high potential in the prevention and treatment of influenza.In this review,we briefly review the recent research progress of broad-spectrum monoclonal antibodies targeting HA and NA,two important surface glycoproteins of influenza A virus.

Influenza is a major public health problem worldwide,resulting in millions of hospitalizations each year.In addi-tion to vaccination and antiviral drugs against influenza,monoclonal antibody therapy is a promising treatment method because of its cross-reactivity and targeting.Widely reactive monoclonal antibodies can bind and neutralize multiple subtypes of influenza A virus,and also show good protective effect on infected mice,showing high potential in the prevention and treatment of influenza.In this review,we briefly review the recent research progress of broad-spectrum monoclonal antibodies targeting HA and NA,two important surface glycoproteins of influenza A virus.

Objective To establish an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)method for the analysis of 29 mineral elements in Artemisiae Argyi Folium(AAF),and to develop a model for judging the origin of AAF based on the elemental fingerprint combined with chemometrics.Methods The variance method was used to compare the contents of 29 mineral elements in AAF samples from Qichun of Hubei province,Hebei province and Henan province,respectively.The discriminant models of AAF from different habitats were established by discriminant analysis,PLS-DA and PCA-Logistic regression algorithms.Results The differences of the 22 elements(V,Cr,Ni,As,Se,Rb,Mo,Cd,Sb,Ba,Hg,Pb,K,Li,B,Mg,Al,P,Ca,Fe,Zn,and Ga)in samples from Qichun of Hubei province,Hebei province and Henan province are extremely significant(P＜0.01).The discriminant analysis model showed that eight kinds of element variables(P,Cr,K,Li,Hg,Ba,Mg,and Mo),which have a significant effect on the origin discrimination are gradually introduced into the discriminant model,and the correct rate of back test is 100％.The correct rate of"leave one method"cross-validation is 96.7％.The PLS-DA model showed good prediction ability,and the variable importance projection values of K,P and Mg elements were greater than one,which could be used as the difference marker of AAF from different habitats.The accuracy of the origin discrimination model constructed by PC A-Logistic regression analysis was 100％.The elements with high first principal component loadings were Li,B,Mg,Al,P,K,Ca,V,Cr,Fe,Ni,Zn,As,Rb,Cd,Sb,and Ba.Conclusion This study shows that elemental fingerprint technology combined with chemometric analysis can identify AAF from Qichun of Hubei province,Hebei province,or Henan,providing technical support for the traceability of the origin of Artemisia argyi.

Objective:To establish an antibody expression system to reduce the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect of target antibody.Methods:Site-directed mutagenesis was used to mutate the 234 and 235 sites of the Fc region of the mammalian cell antibody expression vector-L234A and L235A to establish the antibody expression vector pFRT-IgG1κ-FcM. An antibody Wt-WNV with significant ADE effect obtained in previous work was selected and expressed by the pFRT-IgG1κ-FcM system to obtain mutant antibody FcM-WNV. The binding ability of FcM-WNV to target antigen West Nile virus envelope protein-DⅢ (WNV E-DⅢ) was detected by ELISA, and the its binding ability to human high-affinity IgG Fc receptor hFcγRⅠ (hCD64 ) was analyzed by flow cytometry. The neutralizing activity of FcM-WNV in vitro was detected by pseudovirus infection of host cells (BHK21 and K562). Results:The expression levels of FcM-WNV and Wt-WNV were comparable, and FcM-WNV could recognize and bind to WNVE-DIII in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with Wt-WNV, the binding ability of FcM-WNV to hCD64 was significantly weakened, showing a significant decrease in fluorescence intensity. Consistent with the previous experimental results, Wt-WNV at a concentration of 5 μg/ml significantly enhanced the infection of K562 by WNV pseudovirus, while FcM-WNV at a concentration of 5 μg/ml could effectively block pseudovirus infection in both K562 and BHK21 cells.Conclusions:The established antibody expression system can effectively reduce the ADE effect of the target antibody.

[Abstract] [Objective] To analyze the detection ability of one imported and three domestic microcolumn agglutination anti-human globulin cards in unexpected antibody screening test. [Methods] A total of 104 positive samples from antibody screening test conducted at our hospital from July to September 2022 were selected. Microcolumn agglutination antiglobulin tests were performed in parallel with antibody screening tests using one imported card (A Card) and three domestic cards (B, C and D Cards ) to analyze the differences in the sensitivity, specificity and agglutination intensity scores. [Results] The sensitivity of the four anti-human globulin cards was as follows: D card 88.51% (131/148) > C card 83.22% (124/149) > B card 81.63% (120/147) > A card 80.54% (120/149); the specificity was A card 97.79% (133/136) > B card 95.65% (132/138) > D card 95.62% (131/137) > C card 93.38% (127/136); and the average agglutination intensity score (points) was D card 214.57 > C card 191.90 > A Card 179.69 > B Card 175.83, and the H value of Kruskal-Wallis test was 7.221, with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Among them, C card was prone to false positives, accounting for 3.16% (9/285), and A card was prone to false negatives, accounting for 10.18% (29/285). [Conclusion] There were differences in the detection ability of anti-human globulin cards of different manufacturers, and some domestic cards have higher detection performance than imported cards. It is recommended to use anti-human globulin cards of two manufacturers routinely in clinical practice, that is, to use cards with high detection sensitivity for antibody screening tests to avoid antibody missed detection as much as possible, and to use cards with high specificity for cross-matching blood tests to avoid delays in transfusion due to false positives, which could hinder transfusion treatment.

Digital intraoral scanning is a hot topic in the field of oral digital technology.In recent years,digital intra-oral scanning has gradually become the mainstream technology in orthodontics,prosthodontics,and implant dentistry.The precision of digital intraoral scanning and the accuracy and stitching of data collection are the keys to the success of the impression.However,the operators are less familiar with the intraoral scanning characteristics,imaging process-ing,operator scanning method,oral tissue specificity of the scanned object,and restoration design.Thus far,no unified standard and consensus on digital intraoral scanning technology has been achieved at home or abroad.To deal with the problems encountered in oral scanning and improve the quality of digital scanning,we collected common expert opin-ions and sought to expound the causes of scanning errors and countermeasures by summarizing the existing evidence.We also describe the scanning strategies under different oral impression requirements.The expert consensus is that due to various factors affecting the accuracy of digital intraoral scanning and the reproducibility of scanned images,adopting the correct scanning trajectory can shorten clinical operation time and improve scanning accuracy.The scanning trajec-tories mainly include the E-shaped,segmented,and S-shaped methods.When performing fixed denture restoration,it is recommended to first scan the abutment and adjacent teeth.When performing fixed denture restoration,it is recommend-ed to scan the abutment and adjacent teeth first.Then the cavity in the abutment area is excavated.Lastly,the cavity gap was scanned after completing the abutment preparation.This method not only meets clinical needs but also achieves the most reliable accuracy.When performing full denture restoration in edentulous jaws,setting markers on the mucosal tissue at the bottom of the alveolar ridge,simultaneously capturing images of the vestibular area,using different types of scanning paths such as Z-shaped,S-shaped,buccal-palatal and palatal-buccal pathways,segmented scanning of dental arches,and other strategies can reduce scanning errors and improve image stitching and overlap.For implant restora-tion,when a single crown restoration is supported by implants and a small span upper structure restoration,it is recom-mended to first pre-scan the required dental arch.Then the cavity in the abutment area is excavated.Lastly,scanning the cavity gap after installing the implant scanning rod.When repairing a bone level implant crown,an improved indi-rect scanning method can be used.The scanning process includes three steps:First,the temporary restoration,adjacent teeth,and gingival tissue in the mouth are scanned;second,the entire dental arch is scanned after installing a standard scanning rod on the implant;and third,the temporary restoration outside the mouth is scanned to obtain the three-di-mensional shape of the gingival contour of the implant neck,thereby increasing the stability of soft tissue scanning around the implant and improving scanning restoration.For dental implant fixed bridge repair with missing teeth,the mobility of the mucosa increases the difficulty of scanning,making it difficult for scanners to distinguish scanning rods of the same shape and size,which can easily cause image stacking errors.Higher accuracy of digital implant impres-sions can be achieved by changing the geometric shape of the scanning rods to change the optical curvature radius.The consensus confirms that as the range of scanned dental arches and the number of data concatenations increases,the scanning accuracy decreases accordingly,especially when performing full mouth implant restoration impressions.The difficulty of image stitching processing can easily be increased by the presence of unstable and uneven mucosal mor-phology inside the mouth and the lack of relatively obvious and fixed reference objects,which results in insufficient ac-curacy.When designing restorations of this type,it is advisable to carefully choose digital intraoral scanning methods to obtain model data.It is not recommended to use digital impressions when there are more than five missing teeth.

Objective:To establish an in vivo infection model of H5N1 pseudovirus and to detect the neutralizing activity of FHA3 antibody using this model. Methods:Based on the sequence information of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of A/Anhui/1/2005/H5N1 strain, two recombinant plasmids of pcDNA3.1-HA5 and pcDNA3.1-NA1 were constructed. The two plasmids and plasmid pNL4-3.Luc.R-E- were co-transfected into 293T cells to prepare H5N1 pseudovirus supernatant. The morphology of pseudovirus particles in the supernatant was observed by electron microscopy. MDCK cells were infected with the pseudovirus supernatant and the virus titer was detected. BALB/c mice were injected with the pseudovirus supernatant by intraperitoneal injection and subjected to bioluminescence imaging at 2, 5, 8, and 12 d after infection to detect the pseudovirus infection in vivo. The functional activity of FHA3 antibody in vivo was evaluated using the established mouse infection model. Results:The recombinant plasmids pcDNA3.1-HA5 and pcDNA3.1-NA1 were correctly constructed and could be used to prepare pseudovirus supernatants of high titer by co-transfecting 293T cells with the plasmid pNL4-3.Luc.R-E-. The virus particles were round under electron microscope. H5N1 pseudovirus-infected mice exhibits strong fluorescence signals, which were attenuated by FHA3 treatment before challenge.Conclusions:The in vivo infection model of H5N1 pseudovirus was successfully constructed and FHA3 antibody was proved to be protective against the pseudovirus infection.

Flaviviruses are a class of positive-strand RNA viruses mainly transmitted by arthropods, which can cause high mortality and morbidity worldwide. At present, there is no specific therapy. Therapeutic antibodies bring hope for the treatment of flavivirus infection, but the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect induced by flavivirus infection can lead to disease progression. The ideal therapeutic antibodies against flaviviruses should not only treat flavivirus infection, but also avoid the harm caused by ADE. Therefore, researchers have optimized some of the antibodies to seek the best therapeutic antibodies. This review briefly described the research progress and mechanism of therapeutic antibodies against flaviviruses as well as some strategies to reduce the ADE effect induced by the therapeutic antibodies.

Objective:To construct a Discharge Preparation Service Demand Assessment Scale for Psychiatric Patients with Depression.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 25 experts from fields such as psychiatric nursing, psychiatric management, and rehabilitation treatment as the subject of the consultation. On the basis of literature review and clinical experience, the research group used the Delphi method to conduct two rounds of consultation with 25 experts, forming a Discharge Preparation Service Demand Assessment Scale for Psychiatric Patients with Depression. The enthusiasm of experts was evaluated using the effective response rate of the questionnaires. The authority level of experts was assessed using an authority coefficient. The concentration of expert opinions was evaluated using the mean of item importance assignment and coefficient of variation. The degree of coordination of expert opinions was represented by the Kendall coordination coefficient.Results:The effective response rates of the two rounds of consultation questionnaires were all 100%, with expert authority coefficients of 0.890 and 0.904, and the Kendall coordination coefficients of expert opinions of 0.247 and 0.203 ( P<0.05) . The Discharge Preparation Service Demand Assessment Scale for Psychiatric Patients with Depression was constructed, which included 10 dimensions and 38 items. Conclusions:The Discharge Preparation Service Demand Assessment Scale for Psychiatric Patients with Depression is scientific and reliable, which can provide a basis for clinical nurses to evaluate the discharge preparation service demands of psychiatric patients with depression.