In the context of global climate change, the impact of ambient temperature change on cardiovascular health has become increasingly significant. Epidemiological studies have shown that both high and low temperature can lead to the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. For example, exposure to low temperature and high temperature, and diurnal temperature difference can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality. Exposure to cold and heat, heatwaves and cold spells may induce myocardial infarction. Low temperature, high temperature and variations in temperature can increase the risk of heart failure. There are complex interactions among the effects of temperature and humidity, wind speed, radiation, precipitation and air pollution on adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Valnerable groups such as the elderly, patients with chronic diseases, and outdoor workers are particularly susceptible to temperature-related CVD risks. The mechanisms by which temperature affects adverse cardiovascular outcomes involves hemodynamic changes, autonomic nervous system dysregulation, blood rheology alterations, as well as inflammation and metabolic abnormalities, but many research gaps remain. Future studies should conduct in-depth research on mechanisms, individual differences, climate change impacts, and public health interventions to provide more effective policies and interventions to reduce the burden of CVD.

Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

Objective:To assess the effectiveness of a 6-month Ba Duan Jin exercise program in improving the balance of community-dwelling older adults.Methods:A two arms, parallel-group, cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 1 028 community residents aged 60-80 years in 40 communities in 5 provinces of China. Participants in the intervention group (20 communities, 523 people) received Ba Duan Jin exercise 5 days/week, 1 hour/day for 6 months, and three times of falls prevention health education, and the control group (20 communities, 505 people) received falls prevention health education same as the intervention group. The Berg balance scale (BBS) score was the leading outcome indicator, and the secondary outcome indicators included the length of time of standing on one foot (with eyes open and closed), standing in a tandem stance (with eyes open and closed), the closed circle test, and the timed up to test.Results:A total of 1 028 participants were included in the final analysis, including 731 women (71.11%) and 297 men (28.89%), and the age was (69.87±5.67) years. After the 3-month intervention, compared with the baseline data, the BBS score of the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group by 3.05 (95% CI: 2.23-3.88) points ( P<0.001). After the 6-month intervention, compared with the baseline data, the BBS score of the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group by 4.70 (95% CI: 4.03-5.37) points ( P<0.001). Ba Duan Jin showed significant improvement ( P<0.05) in all secondary outcomes after 6 months of exercise in the intervention group compared with the control group. Conclusions:This study showed that Ba Duan Jin exercise can improve balance in community-dwelling older adults aged 60-80. The longer the exercise time, the better the improvement.

[Objective]To understand the current status of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),Treponema palli-dum(TP),hepatitis C virus(HCV)and hepatitis B virus(HBV)infections among patients undergoing screening tests in a specialized cancer hospital in South China,and to analyze the completion of further testing for confirmation,so as to pro-vide a reference for management of common infectious diseases and prevention of nosocomial infections.[Methods]We ana-lyzed the positive rates of HIV antigen/antibody combination assay(HIV-comb),TP antibody(anti-TP),HCV antibody(anti-HCV)and hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)among the outpatients and inpatients who underwent the screening tests in 2022.Then we examined the percentage of those patients with seropositivity for further confirmation.[Results]In patients who underwent the screening tests,the positive rate,percentage of patients for further confirmation test and over-all prevalence for HIV-comb were were 0.07%,100%and 0.06%,respectively;for Anti-PT 1.99%,100%and 0.51%,respectively.Positive rate of anti-HCV was 0.90%and 26.61%of patients completed further HCV RNA quantitative as-say,in 26.44%of whom,HCV RNA levels were above the detection limit.Positive rate of HBsAg was 21.06%and 54.40%of patients completed further HBV DNA quantitative assay,in 51.60%of whom,HBV DNA levels were above the detec-tion limit.As for the nucleic acid testing among the suspected hepatitis patients,we found smaller coverage in outpatients than in inpatients and larger coverage in liver cancer patients than in other patients.[Conclusions]Compared with general population,patients in this specialized cancer hospital had similar infection levels of HIV and syphilis,and 100%of them completed further confirmation testing.Hepatitis C and hepatitis B infections were at a relatively high level,but which could not accurately reflect the level of virus replication due to insufficient coverage of nucleic acid testing.Specialized can-cer hospitals should prompt medical staff to attach more importance to screening and further confirmation of common infec-tious diseases among tumor patients.While offering anti-cancer treatment,hospitals should also actively refer the con-firmed cases with infectious diseases to designated or general hospitals for a better outcome and quality of medical services.