OBJECTIVE To analyze the differences in chemical components of Gardenia jasminoides before and after processing with ginger， and to evaluate the quality differences among different producing areas. METHODS Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to analyze the compositional differences of G. jasminoides before and after processing with ginger. The water content， total ash， and ethanol-soluble extract content of ginger- processed G. jasminoides were determined according to the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. High performance liquid chromatography was adopted to determine the contents of genipin gentiobioside， geniposide， crocin Ⅰ and crocin Ⅱ in ginger- processed G. jasminoides. RESULTS A total of 49 chemical components were identified from raw G. jasminoides and ginger- processed G. jasminoides， including 14 flavonoids， 15 iridoids， 10 organic acids， 2 alkaloids and 8 other compounds. Among them， 42 components were detected in raw G. jasminoides， 28 in ginger-processed G. jasminoides， and 21 components were common to both. After processing with ginger， raw G. jasminoides lost 21 components （including iridoids， flavonoids， alkaloids， and others）， while 7 chemical components were added （including coumarins， organic acids， organic acid esters， and flavonoids）. For the 15 batches of ginger-processed G. jasminoides， the water content ranged from 5.64% to 7.11%， total ash from 2.92% to 4.87%， and ethanol-soluble extract from 40.61% to 58.02%. The average contents of genipin gentiobioside， geniposide， crocin Ⅰ and crocin Ⅱ were 0.108 7， 0.542 2， 0.565 0， and 0.012 5 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS After processing with ginger， G. jasminoides loses 21 components， while 7 new components are added. Differences are observed in the water content， total ash， ethanol-soluble extract， and the contents of genipin gentiobioside， geniposide， crocin Ⅰ， and crocin Ⅱ of ginger-processed G. jasminoides from different producing areas. Notably， samples from Fujian exhibit high contents of genipin gentiobioside and ethanol-soluble extract， while samples from Jiangxi have a high content of crocin Ⅰ.

Mitochondrial biogenesis represents a promising therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) due to its essential role in cancer cell metabolism and survival. The natural compound γ-Elemene exhibits potent anti-tumor activity, but its effects on mitochondrial regulation in TNBC remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that γ-Elemene induces dose-dependent cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-468 and HCC1806 TNBC cells while significantly impairing mitochondrial function, as shown by reduced membrane potential, oxidative phosphorylation capacity, and ATP production. γ-Elemene treatment markedly suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis, decreasing mitochondrial DNA content and downregulating key mitochondrial genes and proteins. These effects were associated with reduced expression of the master regulators NRF1 and TFAM, but independent of PGC-1α expression levels.Mechanistically, γ-Elemene upregulated the acetyltransferase GCN5, leading to enhanced PGC-1α acetylation. This upregulation occurs primarily through increased GCN5 transcription. Genetic ablation of GCN5 completely reversed γ-Elemene-induced PGC-1α acetylation and restored mitochondrial biogenesis and cell viability, establishing a critical role for GCN5 in mediating these effects. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism whereby γ-Elemene disrupts mitochondrial function in TNBC through GCN5-mediated PGC-1α acetylation, providing new insights into its anti-cancer properties and potential therapeutic applications against TNBC.

Abstract To clarify the service targets, service contents, and safeguard mechanisms of the basic public service program for student vision health management, the study grounded in the current status of child and adolescent myopia prevention and control in China and integrated with the practical experience and innovative practices of Wuhan National Demonstration Area for Student Vision Health Management, takes education as the main thread and schools as the base, consolidating resources from multiple stakeholders including education administrative departments, schools, families, and professional technical service institutions. Centering on four core components—vision health education, monitoring and record keeping, risk prevention and control, and dynamic management, the study constructs a multi tiered basic public service system for vision health management of primary and secondary school students. It further proposes the use of an intelligent management platform and a "three tier color coded early warning" mechanism (red, yellow, blue) to prevent and control student myopia at the source, providing schools with replicable and operable implementation pathways to enhance the level of student vision health management.

OBJECTIVES: Verrucous epidermal nevus (VEN), seborrheic keratosis (SK), verruca plana (VP), verruca vulgaris (VV), and nevus sebaceous (NS) are common verrucous proliferative skin diseases with similar clinical appearances, often posing diagnostic challenges. Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) can aid in their differentiation, yet their specific features under these tools have not been systematically described. This study aims to summarize and analyze the dermoscopic and RCM features of VEN, SK, VP, VV, and NS. METHODS: A total of 121 patients with histopathologically confirmed verrucous proliferative skin diseases were enrolled. Dermoscopy and RCM imaging was used to observe and analyze the microscopic features of these conditions. RESULTS: Under dermoscopy, the 5 diseases displayed distinct characteristics: VEN typically showed gyriform structures; SK was characterized by gyriform structures, comedo-like openings, and milia-like cysts; VP and VV featured dotted vessels and frogspawn-like structures; NS presented as brownish-yellow globules. RCM revealed shared features such as hyperkeratosis and acanthosis across all 5 diseases. Specific features included gyriform structures and elongated rete ridges in VEN; pseudocysts and gyriform structures in SK; evenly distributed ring-like structures in VP; vacuolated cells and papillomatous proliferation in VV; and frogspawn-like structures in NS. CONCLUSIONS These 5 verrucous proliferative skin conditions exhibit distinguishable features under both dermoscopy and RCM. The combination of these 2 noninvasive imaging modalities holds significant clinical value for the differential diagnosis of verrucous proliferative skin diseases.
Humans ; Dermoscopy/methods* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Microscopy, Confocal/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; Keratosis, Seborrheic/pathology* ; Young Adult ; Warts/diagnosis* ; Child ; Aged ; Skin Diseases/pathology* ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn/diagnosis* ; Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Child, Preschool

Objective:To investigate the value of a multi-parameter MRI nomogram model in evaluating the recurrence risk of hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer.Methods:This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinicopathological data (age, menopausal status, axillary lymph node metastasis, etc.) and imaging data of 220 patients with HR-positive breast cancer who underwent breast MRI examination and were pathologically confirmed at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2018 to December 2023. All patients underwent preoperative MRI examinations. Their MRI features were analyzed, and the maximum diameter of the lesion and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value were measured. Finally, the clinical treatment score (CTS5 score) after 5 years was calculated, and all patients were divided into a low recurrence risk (CTS5 score 3.13 points) and a medium to high recurrence risk (CTS5 score≥3.13 points) group. The patients were followed up through the electronic medical record system or by phone until December 31, 2024 to determine recurrence status. The patients were divided into the recurrence group and the non-recurrence group. The differences in clinicopathological data, MRI features and CTS5 scores between the recurrence group and the non-recurrence group were compared using independent sample t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests or χ2 tests. Indicators with P0.05 in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression to screen the independent risk factors for predicting the recurrence of HR receptor-positive breast cancer, and a nomogram was constructed to establish the nomogram model. The receiver operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the efficacy of the nomogram model in predicting the postoperative recurrence risk of patients with HR-positive breast cancer. The variance inflation factor (VIF) was used to evaluate the multicollinearity among independent variables. Calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the fit and net clinical benefit of the nomogram model. Results:Among 220 patients with HR-positive breast cancer, 196 cases were in the non-recurrence group and 24 cases were in the recurrence group. There were statistically significant differences in the maximum diameter of the lesion, axillary lymph node metastasis, ADC value, CTS5 grouping, and CTS5 score between the recurrence group and the non-recurrence group ( P0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the maximum diameter of the lesion ( OR=1.110, 95% CI 1.169-1.503, P0.001), ADC value ( OR=0.993, 95% CI 0.993?0.989, P0.001), and axillary lymph node metastasis ( OR=8.842; 95% CI 2.120?36.884, P=0.003) were independent factors influencing postoperative recurrence in patients with HR-positive breast cancer, and a nomogram model was constructed based on this. VIF analysis showed that no significant multicollinearity was detected among the variables (VIF5). The AUC value of the nomogram model for predicting postoperative recurrence in patients with HR-positive breast cancer was 0.868 (95% CI 0.794-0.942), the sensitivity was 0.875, and the specificity was 0.781. The calibration curve showed that the prediction curve of this model for predicting postoperative recurrence in HR-positive breast cancer patients was basically consistent with the ideal curve trend. DCA showed that this model had a relatively high clinical benefit within the threshold probability range of 0.01% to 90.00%. Conclusion:The nomogram constructed based on multi-parameter MRI features can predict the postoperative recurrence risk of HR-positive breast cancer patients, with good consistency and predictive ability.

Objective:To investigate the effect of elimination,combination,rearrangement and simplification(ECRS)management combined with risk assessment on reducing the incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria infections of patients who received mechanical ventilation in intensive care unit(ICU).Methods:The management mode of prevention and control for multidrug-resistant bacteria infections of patients in ICU was optimized on the basis of ECRS management combined with risk assessment.A total of 600 patients who received mechanical ventilation in ICU of Jiuquan Hospital of Shanghai General Hospital(Jiuquan People's Hospital)from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected.According to different management methods,these patients were divided into a control group and an observation group,with 300 cases in each group.The control group was managed by using the risk assessment management method,while the observation group was managed by using the ECRS management on the basis of risk assessment management method.The indicators of respiratory function,patients'satisfaction score,stay time in ICU,time of mechanical ventilation and incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria were compared between the two groups.Results:The mean value of the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)to forced vital capacity(FVC)(FEV1/FVC),and the FEV1 level in observation group by using ECRS management combined with risk assessment method were respectively(78.69±4.65)%and(1.58±0.24)L,both of which were higher than those of control group,and the differences of them between two groups were statistically significant(t=16.483,11.742,P<0.05).The average scores of work efficiency,emergency response capability,professional ethics,isolation and resettlement,and overall patients'satisfaction in the observation group were respectively(23.12±1.20),(23.34±1.08),(23.65±1.10),(23.80±1.05)and(92.24±4.37),all of which were higher than those in the control group,and the differences of them between two groups were statistically significant(t=22.176,27.903,22.373,31.364,13.963,P<0.05).The average ICU stay time and the average time of mechanical ventilation were respectively(14.15±1.60)and(9.15±2.13)days in the observation group,both of which were lower than those in the control group,and the differences of them between two groups were statistically significant(t=16.872,15.410,P<0.05).The incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria was 0.33%in 300 patients of the observation group,which was lower than that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference(x2=4.561,P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of ECRS management combined with risk assessment in the management of ICU for patients who receive mechanical ventilation can protect respiratory function of patients,and decrease the risk of occurring the infection of multidrug-resistant bacteria,and reduce ICU stay time and the time of mechanical ventilation of patients,and improve patients'satisfaction.

The widespread prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in clinical settings poses significant challen-ges to the prevention and control of hospital-associatal infections.Novel gene sequencing techniques,such as whole-genome sequencing(WGS)and metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS),have emerged as revo-lutionary tools for precisely tracing to the source of hospital-associatal infection outbreak and the prevention and control through high-resolution genomic analysis.The technical principles and advantages of WGS and mNGS were systematically reviewed in the article.The pivotal roles of the techniques in confirmation of outbreak,identification of infection source,transmission chain rebuilding,study on transmission dynamics and evaluation of effect on in-fection prevention and control were elaborated through analysis of typical cases in China and abroad so as to pro-vide theoretical bases and technical support for precise identification of prevention and control of nosocomial infec-tion.

Objective:To analyze the etiological characteristics of Clostridium ramosum DZS3717106 isolated from the blood of a patient with septic shock secondary to perianal abscess and the immunological characteristics of the patient. Methods:The isolate was subjected to morphological observation, mass spectrometry, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and 16S rRNA sequencing. Biochemical and cytological test results of the patient were collected. Flow cytometry was used to detect T cell subsets. Impacts of the virulence factors of the isolate on the host immune system were evaluated.Results:DZS3717106 was an anaerobic Clostridium with pleomorphic rod-shaped cells and spores. It was sensitive to penicillin G, piperacillin/tazobactam, and metronidazole, but resistant to clindamycin. It carried various virulence and resistance genes. The patient was immunocompromised with abnormal IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels. Conclusions:Septic shock caused by Clostridium ramosum is rare, and more research is needed on the causes and epidemiology. DZS3717106 infection triggers over-activated inflammatory response in the patient, which may be closely related to the occurrence and development of septic shock.

Proteins are fundamental carriers as the structural elements and biochemically active entities responsible for catalysis, transport, and regulation. These functions are depending on the protein folding into precise three-dimensional structures, interacting with ligands, and conformational changes. This article reviews the recent progress of nanopores in single-molecule protein sensing, involving the identification of polypeptides and proteins, the conformation changes of protein folding, the molecular structure responsible to the pH of solutions, the molecular interactions, and protein sequencing. These studies provide clues to understand life activities and facilitate the early diagnosis of diseases and design of drugs for precise treatment.
Nanopores ; Proteins/chemistry* ; Biosensing Techniques/methods* ; Protein Folding ; Humans

Objective To compare the efficacy and adherence of rivaroxaban versus low-molecular-weight heparin for prophylactic anticoagulation in cancer patients with venous thromboembolism(VTE).Methods A total of 120 intermediate-to-high VTE risk patients with malignant tumors admitted to Depart-ment of Hematology and Oncology,West China Longquan Hospital of Sichuan University between September 2021 and December 2022,were randomly assigned to the rivaroxaban group(n=60)and the low-molecular-weight heparin group(n=60)using the random number table.The rivaroxaban group received oral Rivaroxa-ban,while the low-molecular-weight heparin group received subcutaneous injections of low-molecular-weight heparin sodium for prophylactic anticoagulation.All patients were followed up for 180 days.The primary end-point was medication adherence.The secondary endpoints included the incidence of VTE,bleeding events,and changes in coagulation parameters.Results The rate of good medication adherence was significantly higher in the rivaroxaban group than in the low-molecular-weight heparin group(95.00％vs.88.33％,P＜0.05).However,there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of VTE or overall bleeding events between the two groups(P＜0.05).Following treatment,parameters including fibrinogen,prothrombin time(PT),and D-dimer levels showed significant improvement from baseline in both groups.Compared to the low-molecular-weight heparin group,the Rivaroxaban group demonstrated significantly higher fibrinogen levels,shorter PT,and lower D-dimer levels(P＜0.05).Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified the post-treatment platelet(PLT)count as a significant factor influencing bleeding events during prophylactic antico-agulation(P＜0.05).Khorana score≥3(high risk)was identified as a risk factor for bleeding events(P＜0.05).The incidence of clinically relevant non-major bleeding(CRNMB)was higher in the rivaroxaban group[11.67％(7/60)]compared to the low-molecular-weight heparin group[8.33％(5/60)],although the differ-ence was not statistically significant(P＜0.05).Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of bleeding-free events between the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Oral ri-varoxaban and subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin demonstrate comparable efficacy and safety for VTE prevention in cancer patients,but rivaroxaban significantly improves patient's adherence.