s] Objective To detect the feasibility and efficiency of bone age(BA) artificial intelligence(AI) estimation based on deep learning features from traditional regions of interest(ROI) in hand digital radiographs(DR). Methods BA dataset of left hand DR with 11 858 subjects aged from 0 to 18 years in Children′s Hospital of Shanghai were split to training(80.0%) and validation (20.0%) set in this study. An improved regression convolutional neural networks and extreme gradient boosting decision tree method were utilized for the BA analysis based on traditional ROIs in the images. Another set of BA data with 1 229 subjects also in the hospital was adopted for test. Mean average precision(mAP) and mean absolute error(MAE) were used to assess model accuracy of detection and BA prediction, respectively. Results The mAP of ROIs detection of the model was 0.91,and MAE of all male and female subjects was 0.461 and 0.431 years respectively in validation and test sets. The difference less than 1 year in test accounted for 90.07% between BA assessment of the model and of the peadiatric radiologists, with an accuracy rate of 96.67%.The difference over 1 year was 9.03% (with underestimation of 6.43% and overestimation of 2.60%), in which corresponding age data was of being less in training set or sesamoid nearby adductor pollicis or fusion of epiphysis appeared in test set. Conclusion An AI model based on deep learning of traditional ROIs′features in hand DR images is initially achieved to automatically predict BA rapidly and effectively, yet it still needs further optimization.

Objective: To detect the feasibility and efficiency of bone age(BA) artificial intelligence(AI) estimation based on deep learning features from traditional regions of interest(ROI) in hand digital radiographs(DR). Methods: BA dataset of left hand DR with 11 858 subjects aged from 0 to 18 years in Children′s Hospital of Shanghai were split to training(80.0%) and validation (20.0%) set in this study. An improved regression convolutional neural networks and extreme gradient boosting decision tree method were utilized for the BA analysis based on traditional ROIs in the images. Another set of BA data with 1 229 subjects also in the hospital was adopted for test. Mean average precision(mAP) and mean absolute error(MAE) were used to assess model accuracy of detection and BA prediction, respectively. Results: The mAP of ROIs detection of the model was 0.91,and MAE of all male and female subjects was 0.461 and 0.431 years respectively in validation and test sets. The difference less than 1 year in test accounted for 90.07% between BA assessment of the model and of the peadiatric radiologists, with an accuracy rate of 96.67%.The difference over 1 year was 9.03% (with underestimation of 6.43% and overestimation of 2.60%), in which corresponding age data was of being less in training set or sesamoid nearby adductor pollicis or fusion of epiphysis appeared in test set. Conclusion An AI model based on deep learning of traditional ROIs′ features in hand DR images is initially achieved to automatically predict BA rapidly and effectively, yet it still needs further optimization.

Objective: To sequence the 3′UTR of enterovirus 71 strains, investigate its foundation and impact in virulence by constructing a 3′UTR-replaced recombinant cDNA infectious clone. Methods: Viral RNA of EV-A71 isolated viruses were extracted, and the nucleotide analysis was performed after sequencing. The 3′UTR of a full-length infectious clone of SDLY107 strain was replaced by its corresponding part of SDLY1 strain, and then the recombinant virus was constructed and identified. Results: The nine isolated strains were classified into sub-genotype C4a of enterovirus (EV)-A71 by analysis, and nucleotide sequence homology for 3′UTR were 94%-100%. 3′UTR of EV-A71 strains may be associated with its pathogenicity. Identification of the rescued virus by sequencing and indirect immunofluorescence confirmed the successful construction of infectious recombinant virus. Conclusions Sequence analysis indicated that the 3′UTR may be involved in the pathogenicity of EV-A71. The recombinant virus SDLY107(1-3′UTR) was rescued successfully. Our study may provide evidence for further research on the influence of 3′UTR on the virulence of enterovirus 71.

Objective: To explore the receptor binding specificity of VP8^* protein of porcine P[19] rotaviruses (RVs) with oligosaccharides. Methods: The porcine P[19] VP8^* protein was expressed and purified. The receptor binding specificity of P[19] VP8^* was analyzed by oligosaccharide binding and saliva binding assay. Results: The P[19] VP8^* protein showed significant binding to mucin cores, especially mucin core 2. Conclusions Mucin core 2 may be a potential receptor for the porcine P[19] RV, which provides certain basis for the study of virus infection mechanism and RV surveillance.

Objective: To investigate the effect of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP) on the mortality and early complications of premature infants. Methods: The general clinical data of preterm infants with gestational age 24-36^{+ 6} weeks were collected from the cooperative units in the task group from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014.According to the severity of HDCP, the infants were divided into 4 groups: HDCP group, preeclampsia group, eclampsia group and non HDCP group, the mortality and major complications of preterm infants were compared, and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results: The mortality rate of preterm in the HDCP group was significantly higher than that of non HDCP group, and there was statistical significance (χ²=9.970, P=0.019). Eclampsia had a highest fatality rate (4.8%) in the early stage, compared with non HDCP group (2.2%), and the difference was statistically significant.Comparison of HDCP group (1.8%) and eclampsia group (3.2%) suggested that there was no statistically significant difference.The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm in HDCP group was significantly higher than that of non HDCP group, and there was statistical significance (χ²=13.241, P=0.004). Eclampsia group showed the highest incidence (35.4%), compared with non HDCP group (16.2%), the difference was statistically significant, but compared with HDCP group (19.9%), preeclampsia group (17.1%), there was no significant diffe-rence.The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm in HDCP group was significantly higher than that of non HDCP group (χ²=9.592, P=0.022), the highest incidence showed up in eclampsia group (9.7%), compared with non HDCP group (2.0%) and HDCP group (1.7%), the difference was statistically significant.But there was no statistically significant difference, compared with preeclampsia group.As the degree of HDCP aggravated, the incidence of BPD gradually rose.There was no significant impact on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and sepsis of HDCP (χ²=7.054, 7.214, 0.358, 3.852; P=0.070, 0.065, 0.949, 0.278). Considering the overall outcome of the child, that was, whether the child died or survived, he had at least one complication, and HDCP had an effect on it (χ²=15.697, P=0.001), so the incidence increased while the degree of HDCP rose gradually.After adjusting gestational age, birth weight, sex, way of delivery, placental abruption and front placenta, prenatal hormonal, gestational diabetes, neonatal asphyxia and other factors, the results displayed that HDCP was the factor leading to the death of premature baby (OR=2.159, 95%CI: 1.093-4.266), and comparison between preeclampsia and eclampsia showed no statistical difference (P=0.714, 0.389); HDCP had no significant influence on RDS, BDP, ICH, NEC, ROP and sepsis. Conclusions HDCP leads to increased risk of premature death, but also leads to the increased incidence of RDS and BPD, but it had no obvious effect on NEC, ROP, IVH, sepsis and other complications.

Objective:To explore the application and safety of visual endotracheal tube in tracheal intubation in patients with gen eral anesthesia operation.Methods:220 patients with general anesthesia operation in Department of Anesthesiology,Guangdong No.2 provincial people's hospital firom October 2014 to December 2016 were selected,110 patients were treated with visual endotracheal intubation as observation group,110 patients were treated with general endotracheal intubation as control group.The number of intubation,intubation times and complication rate in the two groups were contrasted,compared the heart rate (HR),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the two groups at before induction of anesthesia (T0),after induction of anesthesia (T1),airway intubation (T2),5 min after intubation (T3).Results:The number of intubation and intubation times in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05);At each time point,the HR,SBP,DBP and SpO2 in the two groups were no significant difference (P＞0.05);The HR,SBP,DBP and SpO2 in the two groups at T1 were significantly less than T0,T2,T3,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05);The incidence of throat pain in the observation group (0.91％) was significantly less than that in the control group (7.27％),the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Use visual endotracheal tube in tracheal intubation in patients with general anesthesia operation is satisfactory,can effectively reduce the time of intubation and intubation times,and has good security,it is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To compare the degree of cell injury induced by 3D protein (SDLY11 and SDLY107) of enterovirus 71 (EV71) strains.Methods EV71 strains SDLY11 and SDLY107 were respectively isolated from children with mild and severe hand foot mouth disease.The target genes 11-3D-Flag and 107-3D-Flag were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reation (RT-PCR) and inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1.The recombinant plasmids 11-3D-Flag-pcDNA3.1 and 107-3D-Flag-pcDNA3.1 were transformed into Escherichia.coli DH5α, respectively, and were identified by enzyme digestion and sequencing.The recombinant plasmids were transfected into rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells, respectively.Expression of 3D protein was detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay and western blot.Cell injury induced by 3D protein was detected with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test, cell proliferation was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenylthiazolium bromide (MTT) test, and cell apoptosis was detected with Annexin-V and PI.Multiple comparisons among groups were analyzed using LSD-t test if multiple sets of variables were consistent with homogeneity of variance.If not, Dunnett T3 test was used.Results The 1 400 bp fragments were amplified by reverse tramscription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the recombinant plasmids were digested by enzyme and the 1 400 bp and 5 400 bp fragments were obtained and identified.Gene sequencing showed that the sequences were consistent with the target genes.The specific fluorescence was observed by indirect immunofluorescence assay, and the western blot showed that the molecular weight of the target protein was 55×103.The LDH test showed that the A490 of SDLY11 3D protein transfection group (0.790±0.048) was higher than that of SDLY107 3D protein transfection group (0.641±0.018).The difference was statistically significant (t=5.14, P<0.05).The cell membrane damage caused by SDLY11 3D protein was more severe than SDLY107 3D protein.The MTT test showed that the A570 of SDLY11 3D protein transfection group (1.028±0.020) was lower than that of SDLY107 3D protein transfection group (1.081±0.002), and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.31, P<0.05).The effect on cell proliferation activity of SDLY11 3D protein was greater than SDLY107 3D protein.The results of Annexin-V/PI showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells of SDLY11 3D protein transfection group and SDLY107 3D protein transfection group were (1.471±0.246)% and (1.465±0.237)%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (t=0.04, P=0.973).Conclusions Compared with the SDLY11 3D protein, SDLY107 3D protein induces slighter cell injury, has weaker effect on cell proliferation activity, and is more favorable for virus replication in cells.

Objective To understand the Oncomelania hupensis snail distribution in the working areas of Yangtze River hy?drologic agencies located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2016,so as to provide the evidence for assess?ing the risk of schistosome infection of hydrological workers and establishing the control strategies. Methods The suspicious en?vironments with O. hupensis snails in the above working areas were selected as study areas,and the snail situation was surveyed by the system sampling method combined with the environmental sampling method. The survey data were collected and analyzed statistically. Results Totally 19 working areas from 17 hydrological agencies were selected as the investigation sites,among which,10 working areas from 9 agencies were found with O. hupensis snail distribution. The constituent ratio of the areas with snails reached to 38.81%of the investigation areas,the occurrence rate of frames with snails was 3.08%,and the average densi?ty of living snails was 0.07/0.1 m2. By comparison,the average density of living snails and occurrence rate of frames with snails in hydrological agencies under the jurisdiction of the Middle Reaches Administrative Bureau were the most serious among three administrative bureaus of the Yangtze River Water Resources Commission. Conclusions There are various degrees of O. hupen?sis breeding in the working areas of hydrological agencies located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River ,and the hydrological workers are facing with the risk of schistosome infection.

Objective To explore the correlation between vitamin A (VA) level andMycoplasma pneumonia (MP). Methods Children aged 0-12 years hospitalized with acute infectious respiratory diseases during March 2015 to December 2015 were randomly selected. The level of serum VA was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). MP-DNA on nasopharyngeal swab was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The serum MP-IgM was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The MP infection rate among subclinical VA deficiency (SVAD) group, suspicious subclinical VA deifciency (SSVAD) group and VA normal group were analyzed and compared.Results Among 600 children, there were 83 cases of SVAD (13.83%) and 193 cases of SSVAD (32.17%). There were statistical differences of the incidences between SVAD and SSVAD in children younger than 1-year-old, 1-3 years old, 3-6 years old and≥6 years old (P all<0.001), among which SVAD and SSVAD groups had the highest incidence rates in infants younger than 1 year old (26.36% and 49.10%respectively). Among 600 children, MP was positive in 201 children (33.5%), in whom 57 children (28.35%) were SVAD and 70 children (34.83%) were SSVAD. The incidence rate of SVAD in children with MP positive was higher than that in children with MP negative (P<0.001). In 201 children with MP positive, there were signiifcant differences in the distribution of SVAD, SSVAD and VA among different age groups (P=0.003), and the incidence rate of SVAD in infants younger than 1 year old was higher (48.39%).Conclusions SSVAD and SVAD are common in infants younger than 1 year old; SVAD may be associated with MP infection in children.

BACKGROUND:Interleukin-8 is an important inflammatory chemokine that plays an important role in the regulation of tumor cel proliferation and angiogenesis.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of interleukin-8 on the invasion and metastasis of CD133+hepatocel ular carcinoma stem cel s.
METHODS:After isolation and culture of MHCC97-H cel lines, CD133+/CD133-MHCC97-H cel s were sorted using immunomagnetic beads. CD133 expression was detected using flow cytometry, and interleukin-8 level in supernatant was measured using ELISA method. Cloning efficiency, tumorigenic capacity, cel migration and invasion ability were detected through colony formation assay, tumorigenesis experiment in nude mice, and Transwel detection. Additional y, other cel s were neutralized using interleukin-8 neutralizing antibody. Measurement results were compared between cel s undergoing different treatments.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The CD133 level, interleukin-8 level, cloning efficiency and cel membrane permeability of CD133+MHCC97-H cel s were significantly higher than those of CD133-MHCC97-H cel s (P<0.05). Transplantation of CD133+MHCC97-H cel s at 1×106/L and 1×107/L resulted in subcutaneous tumors in some mice, whereas no subcutaneous tumors appeared in mice undergoing transplantation of CD133-MHCC97-H cel s at the same concentrations. After interleukin-8 neutralizing antibody treatment, the CD133 level, interleukin-8 level, and cloning efficiency of CD133+/CD133-MHCC97-H cel s were significantly decreased (P<0.05), especial y in the CD133+MHCC97-H cel s (P<0.01);the migration and invasion ability and cel membrane permeability of CD133+MHCC97-H cel s were significantly reduced (P<0.05), but these changes were not obvious in CD133-MHCC97-H cel s (P>0.05). These results show that interleukin-8 could be specifical y involved in the invasion and metastasis of CD133+MHCC97-H cel s.