Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth. Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality, the overall treatment plan, the patient's general health status, and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation. This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics, Chinese Stomatological Association. It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis, the development of capping biomaterial, and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine. This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy, which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.
Humans ; Calcium Compounds/therapeutic use* ; Consensus ; Dental Pulp ; Dentition, Permanent ; Oxides/therapeutic use* ; Pulpitis/therapy* ; Pulpotomy/standards*

To summarize the nursing experience of a patient who underwent an abandoned liver transplantation combined with associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy.The main points of nursing included the establishment of a multidisciplinary team before surgery to ensure the smooth progress of the surgery,intraoperative preservation of the abandoned liver and healthcare collaboration for precise portal vein pressure monitoring,postoperative implementation of capacity management for ensuring perfusion of abandoned liver,dynamic monitoring of abandoned liver hyperplasia and prevention of small liver syndrome,individualized immune management and prevention of acute rejection reactions,nutritional support and exercise rehabilitation,strengthening protection and isolation strategies to comprehensively reduce the risk of infection.After treatment and nursing,the patient was discharged on the 28th of surgery.

This study aims to understand the biological characteristics of Streptococcus dysgalacti-ae of yak origin.Bacterial isolation and identification,drug susceptibility test,virulence gene test and pathogenicity test were carried out on milk samples of yaks from Naqu City to evaluate the bi-ological characteristics of the isolated strains.Meanwhile,molecular biological information such as virulence factors and drug resistance genes were analyzed by whole genome sequencing,and viru-lence genes were verified by PCR.The results showed that a strain of Streptococcus dysgalactiae was isolated from the milk of yak,and its colony morphology was pinpoint size,smooth edge and milky white.This strain is sensitive to many antibiotics(penicillin G,cephalosporin,ciprofloxacin,tetracycline,erythromycin,etc.).Virulence gene test results showed that the strain carries six key virulence genes(cyl,eno,scpB,bca,bac and napr),which may be closely related to its pathoge-nicity.In the pathogenicity test,the mice were listless and less active after infection,but no death occurred during the observation period.The pathological changes of spleen,kidney,liver and lung tissue were found,suggesting that the strain had certain pathogenic potential but not high lethali-ty.Whole genome sequencing data showed that the gene length of this strain was 4 079 280 bp,the GC content was 39.41％,3 964 coding genes were predicted,604 of which were annotated as viru-lence factors,and another 28 gene mutations may enhance its pathogenic ability.Through annota-tion of CARD database,two Pat A resistance genes and two lmrp resistance genes were found,re-vealing their potential resistance mechanism.Through whole genome sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis method,this study revealed the genomic characteristics,drug resistance and pathogenicity mechanism of Streptococcus dysgalactiae of yak origin.The findings provide impor-tant scientific evidence for further exploration of the pathogenicity,drug resistance mechanisms,and molecular evolution of yak-derived Streptococcus agalactiae.

Objective:To investigate the improvement in nutritional indicators, clinical complications, and respiratory infections among children with cerebral palsy (CP) and malnutrition who meet the indications for tube feeding under oral feeding and tube feeding interventions.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, 82 children with CP and malnutrition that met the indications for tube feeding from the Children′s Rehabilitation Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2022 to April 2024 were included.These patients were divided into an oral feeding group and a tube feeding group.The t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze nutritional indices such as weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), height/length-for-age Z-score (HAZ), and weight-for-height/length Z-score (WHZ) before and after intervention in both groups.The improvement in clinical complications and respiratory infections was also analyzed. Results:After 3-month nutritional intervention, there were 60 cases in the oral feeding group and 22 cases in the tube feeding group.The tube feeding group showed better improvement in WHZ [-0.23(-1.79, 0.88) vs.-1.62(-2.02, -0.91) ] than the oral feeding group ( P<0.05).After 6-month nutritional intervention, there were 50 cases in the oral feeding group and 16 cases in the tube feeding group.The tube feeding group showed better improvement in WAZ [-0.80(-1.92, -0.42) vs. -2.26(-2.88, -1.84)], HAZ (-1.31±1.23 vs. -2.32±1.19), and WHZ (-0.74±1.39 vs. -1.58±1.03) than the oral feeding group (all P<0.05).After 12-month nutritional intervention, there were 30 cases in the oral feeding group and 10 cases in the tube feeding group.The tube feeding group showed better improvement in WAZ [-1.06(-1.77, -0.88) vs.-2.25(-3.06, -1.47) ] and HAZ (-1.22±1.63 vs. -2.54±1.50) than the oral feeding group (all P<0.05).Clinical complications improved better in the tube feeding group than those in the oral feeding group.In the tube feeding group, significant differences in choking ( χ2=16.29, P=0.001) and vomiting ( χ2=6.81, P=0.013) were observed before and after nutritional intervention.There was a statistically significant difference in frequency of lower respiratory infections 3 and 6 months after nutritional intervention between the 2 groups (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with oral feeding, tube feeding can effectively improve the clinical nutritional indicators and reduce the clinical complications and the risk of respiratory infections in CP children that meet the indications for tube feeding.

This study aims to understand the biological characteristics of Streptococcus dysgalacti-ae of yak origin.Bacterial isolation and identification,drug susceptibility test,virulence gene test and pathogenicity test were carried out on milk samples of yaks from Naqu City to evaluate the bi-ological characteristics of the isolated strains.Meanwhile,molecular biological information such as virulence factors and drug resistance genes were analyzed by whole genome sequencing,and viru-lence genes were verified by PCR.The results showed that a strain of Streptococcus dysgalactiae was isolated from the milk of yak,and its colony morphology was pinpoint size,smooth edge and milky white.This strain is sensitive to many antibiotics(penicillin G,cephalosporin,ciprofloxacin,tetracycline,erythromycin,etc.).Virulence gene test results showed that the strain carries six key virulence genes(cyl,eno,scpB,bca,bac and napr),which may be closely related to its pathoge-nicity.In the pathogenicity test,the mice were listless and less active after infection,but no death occurred during the observation period.The pathological changes of spleen,kidney,liver and lung tissue were found,suggesting that the strain had certain pathogenic potential but not high lethali-ty.Whole genome sequencing data showed that the gene length of this strain was 4 079 280 bp,the GC content was 39.41％,3 964 coding genes were predicted,604 of which were annotated as viru-lence factors,and another 28 gene mutations may enhance its pathogenic ability.Through annota-tion of CARD database,two Pat A resistance genes and two lmrp resistance genes were found,re-vealing their potential resistance mechanism.Through whole genome sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis method,this study revealed the genomic characteristics,drug resistance and pathogenicity mechanism of Streptococcus dysgalactiae of yak origin.The findings provide impor-tant scientific evidence for further exploration of the pathogenicity,drug resistance mechanisms,and molecular evolution of yak-derived Streptococcus agalactiae.

Objective:To investigate the improvement in nutritional indicators, clinical complications, and respiratory infections among children with cerebral palsy (CP) and malnutrition who meet the indications for tube feeding under oral feeding and tube feeding interventions.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, 82 children with CP and malnutrition that met the indications for tube feeding from the Children′s Rehabilitation Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2022 to April 2024 were included.These patients were divided into an oral feeding group and a tube feeding group.The t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze nutritional indices such as weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), height/length-for-age Z-score (HAZ), and weight-for-height/length Z-score (WHZ) before and after intervention in both groups.The improvement in clinical complications and respiratory infections was also analyzed. Results:After 3-month nutritional intervention, there were 60 cases in the oral feeding group and 22 cases in the tube feeding group.The tube feeding group showed better improvement in WHZ [-0.23(-1.79, 0.88) vs.-1.62(-2.02, -0.91) ] than the oral feeding group ( P<0.05).After 6-month nutritional intervention, there were 50 cases in the oral feeding group and 16 cases in the tube feeding group.The tube feeding group showed better improvement in WAZ [-0.80(-1.92, -0.42) vs. -2.26(-2.88, -1.84)], HAZ (-1.31±1.23 vs. -2.32±1.19), and WHZ (-0.74±1.39 vs. -1.58±1.03) than the oral feeding group (all P<0.05).After 12-month nutritional intervention, there were 30 cases in the oral feeding group and 10 cases in the tube feeding group.The tube feeding group showed better improvement in WAZ [-1.06(-1.77, -0.88) vs.-2.25(-3.06, -1.47) ] and HAZ (-1.22±1.63 vs. -2.54±1.50) than the oral feeding group (all P<0.05).Clinical complications improved better in the tube feeding group than those in the oral feeding group.In the tube feeding group, significant differences in choking ( χ2=16.29, P=0.001) and vomiting ( χ2=6.81, P=0.013) were observed before and after nutritional intervention.There was a statistically significant difference in frequency of lower respiratory infections 3 and 6 months after nutritional intervention between the 2 groups (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with oral feeding, tube feeding can effectively improve the clinical nutritional indicators and reduce the clinical complications and the risk of respiratory infections in CP children that meet the indications for tube feeding.

To summarize the nursing experience of a patient who underwent an abandoned liver transplantation combined with associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy.The main points of nursing included the establishment of a multidisciplinary team before surgery to ensure the smooth progress of the surgery,intraoperative preservation of the abandoned liver and healthcare collaboration for precise portal vein pressure monitoring,postoperative implementation of capacity management for ensuring perfusion of abandoned liver,dynamic monitoring of abandoned liver hyperplasia and prevention of small liver syndrome,individualized immune management and prevention of acute rejection reactions,nutritional support and exercise rehabilitation,strengthening protection and isolation strategies to comprehensively reduce the risk of infection.After treatment and nursing,the patient was discharged on the 28th of surgery.

Objective To investigate the value of abdominal aortic combined with routine one-stop triple rule-out computed tomography angiography(TRO-CTA)in the examination of patients with acute chest pain.Methods A total of 1 482 patients with nontraumatic chest pain were included in this retrospective study.Of them 414 patients underwent the conventional TRO-CTA scanning while 1 068 patients underwent TRO-CTA that included the abdominal aorta(TRO-CTAwAA)under the request of clinicians.All scanning parameters were the same,except the scanning range for the third phase in TRO-CTA:conventional TRO-CTA covered only the thoracic aorta,while TRO-CTAwAA extended to the entire aorta.Patient etiology was investigated and the detection rates of major vessel abnormalities(aortic dissection,aneurysm,penetrating ulcer,intramural hematoma,vascular occlusion,and thrombosis)between the two groups was compared using chi square tests.The radiation dose(CTDIvol and DLP)and scanning time between the two groups were compared using analysis of variance(ANOVA).Results The TRO-CTAwAA had significantly higher detection rate of major artery abnormalities than the TRO-CTA group(35.1％vs.4.8％,P＜0.001).In the TRO-CTAwAA group,26.5％of the vascular anomalies were detected in both the thoracic and abdominal aortas,and another 8.6％were seen only in the abdominal aorta.With regard to the radiation dose between the two groups,the total DLP was significantly higher in the TRO-CTAwAA group than in the conventional TRO-CTA group(P＜0.001).The two groups did not significantly differ in scanning time(P=0.410).Conclusion TRO-CTA with scan range including the abdominal aorta significantly improves the detection rate for major vessel abnormalities in patients with chest pain without increasing the examination process.

Endodontic diseases are a kind of chronic infectious oral disease.Common endodontic treatment concepts are based on the removal of inflamed or necrotic pulp tissue and the replacement by gutta-percha.However,it is very essential for endodontic treatment to debride the root canal system and prevent the root canal system from bacterial reinfection after root canal therapy(RCT).Recent research,encompassing bacterial etiology and advanced imaging techniques,contributes to our understanding of the root canal system's anatomy intricacies and the technique sensitivity of RCT.Success in RCT hinges on factors like patients,infection severity,root canal anatomy,and treatment techniques.Therefore,improving disease management is a key issue to combat endodontic diseases and cure periapical lesions.The clinical difficulty assessment system of RCT is established based on patient conditions,tooth conditions,root canal configuration,and root canal needing retreatment,and emphasizes pre-treatment risk assessment for optimal outcomes.The findings suggest that the presence of risk factors may correlate with the challenge of achieving the high standard required for RCT.These insights contribute not only to improve education but also aid practitioners in treatment planning and referral decision-making within the field of endodontics.