Aiming at the human-computer interaction problem during the movement of the rehabilitation exoskeleton robot, this paper proposes an adaptive human-computer interaction control method based on real-time monitoring of human muscle state. Considering the efficiency of patient health monitoring and rehabilitation training, a new fatigue assessment algorithm was proposed. The method fully combined the human neuromuscular model, and used the relationship between the model parameter changes and the muscle state to achieve the classification of muscle fatigue state on the premise of ensuring the accuracy of the fatigue trend. In order to ensure the safety of human-computer interaction, a variable impedance control algorithm with this algorithm as the supervision link was proposed. On the basis of not adding redundant sensors, the evaluation algorithm was used as the perceptual decision-making link of the control system to monitor the muscle state in real time and carry out the robot control of fault-tolerant mechanism decision-making, so as to achieve the purpose of improving wearing comfort and improving the efficiency of rehabilitation training. Experiments show that the proposed human-computer interaction control method is effective and universal, and has broad application prospects.
Humans ; Exoskeleton Device ; Muscle Fatigue ; Muscles ; Algorithms ; Electric Impedance

Radiotherapy is one of the important cancer therapy methods that can lead to tissue damage including radiation lung injury,radiation esophageal injury,radiation skin damage and abnormal changes in hemopoietic system and immune system.Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant catechin in green tea.It has been demonstrated that EGCG has biological effects of antiinflammatory,antioxidant,anti-apoptosis and regulating immunity.Recently some studies of cell and animal models suggest that EGCG has radioprotective effect,but few clinical research was reported.In this review,the studies about EGCG in preventing and treating radiation injury were summarized from antiradiation mechanism in order to enhance the understanding of the potential clinical application of EGCG.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features and outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with dilated-phase hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (DHCM). Methods: A total of 16 DHCM patients received CRT in our hospital from 2007-03 to 2016-01 were retrospectively studied to analyze their clinical features and outcomes. Results: There were 12 male and 4 female patients at the mean age of (53.3±13.5) years. Pre-operative QRS duration of ECG was (158.7±32.2) ms, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was (33.6±6.3) %, the patient with NYHA class I, II, III and IV were 1, 5, 8 and 2 respectively. 13 patients received new CRT device, 3 received upgraded device and 8 (50%) combining atrial fibrillation (AF). The patients were followed-up for (2.56±2.13) years, 5 of them died including 3 of heart failure, 1 of sudden death and 1 of stroke. At 6 months follow-up time, 7 patients had the response to CRT which was defined by the improvement of NYHA class≥1 and the absolute elevation of LVEF≥5%; NYHA class improved from (2.69±0.79) to (2.38±0.89), P=0.02; LVEF increased from (33.6±6.3) % to (40.03±9.83) %, P=0.01. Conclusion: DHCM patients with CRT indication had the higher incidence to suffer from AF, those were more in patients with traditional pacemaker or ICD upgrading. DHCM patients with CRT had the poor general prognosis, while there was still certain proportion of patients had the response to CRT.

Objective: To explore the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with dispersion of re-polarization and ventricular arrhythmia.
Methods: A total of 86 consecutive patents with CRT implantation were enrolled. According to weather absolute value of LVEF increased≥10% from baseline at 6 months after CRT implantation, the patients were divided into 2 groups: Response group and Non-response group,n=43 in each group. Dispersion of re-polarization indexes as QRS duration, QTc interval, TpTe interval and the events of ventricular arrhythmia were compared between 2 groups at different time points after CRT.
Results:①In Response group, compared with pre-operation, QRS duration and TpTe interval were shorter at 1 year and within 24h after CRT implantation, allP<0.05, while the above indexes were similar in Non-response group, allP>0.05.②During 1 year after CRT implantation, the incidences of PVCs and PVC runs in Response group were much less than those in Non-response group, for lgPVCs: (1.78 ± 0.77) vs (2.73 ± 0.61), for lgPVC runs: (0.64 ± 0.48) vs (1.98 ± 0.72),P<0.05.③Multi liner regression analysis demonstrated that TpTe interval within 24h after CRT implantation was an independent predictor for both lgPVCs: (B=0.143, OR=1.154,P=0.001) and lgPVC runs: (B=0.122, OR=1.047,P=0.001).
Conclusion: CRT ventricular reverse remodeling may reduce dispersion of re-polarization and the risk of ventricular arrhythmia, therefore improve the prognosis in relevant patients; TpTe interval within 24h after CRT had the predictive value for ventricular arrhythmia.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VL-PAG) metabotropic glutamate receptors subtype 7 and 8 (mGluR 7/8) in descending modulation of cardiosomatic motor reflex (CMR) in rats.

METHODSAMN082 (agonist of mGluR 7) and DCPG (agonist of mGluR 8) were injected into the VL-PAG of a rat model of CMR to observe their effects in modulating CMR. The raphe magnus nucleus (NRM) or the gigantocellular reticular nucleus (Gi) was then damaged, and the changes in VL-PAG descending modulation were observed.

RESULTSSelective activation of mGluR 7 of the VL-PAG by AMN082 obviously facilitated capsaicin (CAP)-induced CMR (P<0.05), which was suppressed by DCPG-induced mGluR 8 activation (P<0.05). These facilitatory or inhibitory effects were completely reversed by group III mGluR antagonist MSOP. Damaging the NRM of VL-PAG main relay nucleus did not significantly affect the facilitatory effect produced by AMN082 microinjection (P>0.05), but partially attenuated the inhibitory effect of DCPG microinjection (P<0.05). Both the facilitatory effect of AMN082 and the inhibitory effect of DCPG were reduced obviously after bilateral Gi damage (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONVL-PAG mGluR 7 and mGluR 8 mediate biphasic regulation of CMR in rats probably through activation of different sub-nuclei and different neurons in the rostroventral medulla.

Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; pharmacology ; Benzoates ; pharmacology ; Glycine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; metabolism ; Periaqueductal Gray ; metabolism ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate ; agonists ; metabolism ; Reflex ; physiology

The central nervous system (CNS) plays a key regulatory role in glucose homeostasis. In particular, the brain is important in initiating and coordinating protective counterregulatory responses when blood glucose levels fall. This may due to the metabolic dependency of the CNS on glucose, and protection of food supply to the brain. In healthy subjects, blood glucose is normally maintained within a relatively narrow range. Hypoglycemia in diabetic patients can increase the risk of complications, such as heart disease and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The clinical research finds that the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a positive effect on the treatment of hypoglycemia. Here the authors reviewed the current understanding of sensing and counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia, and discuss combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine and the theory of iatrogenic hypoglycemia in diabetes treatment. Furthermore, the authors clarify the feasibility of treating hypoglycemia on the basis of TCM theory and CNS and have an insight on its clinical practice.

Objective To observe the cardiosomatic motor reflex (CMR)of rats, and to clarify the descending modulation of nucleus raphes magnus (NRM)in cardiac nociception and its pathway.Methods 34 male healthy SD rats were randomly divided into NRM electrical stimulation group (n=8 ), NRM stimulation combined with dorsolateral funiculus (DLF ) transection group (n= 8 ), NRM stimulation combined with antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)methysergide intrathecal administration group (n=18).The rat model of CMR was established through inj ecting capsaicin into the pericardial sac of the rats in various groups. The electromyogram (EMG) response of dorsal spinotrapezius muscle was used as detection index, and by placing the stimulation electrode in NRM and (or)intrathecal catheterization, the descending inhibitory modulation of NRM in CMR and the influence of DLF tansection or methysergide intrathecal administration in descending inhibitory modulation of NRM were observed.Results Compared with before stimulation,the EMG response was decreased after NRM electrical stimulation (75 μA) (P<0.05 );after bilateral DLF transection, the EMG response after NRM stimulation was significantly increased compared with before DLF transection (P<0.05 ), and there was no significant difference compared with its control (P> 0.05 ). In addition, after intrathecal administration of methysergide,the EMG response after NRM stimulation was significantly increased compared with before intrathecal treatment of methysergide (P<0.05),but it was still significantly smaller than that of its control (P<0.05). Conclusion Cardiac nociception evoked by capsaicin stimulation is subject to descending inhibitory modulation from NRM,and the descending inhibition from NRM is conveyed via the DLF and partially mediated by endogenous 5-HT system.

Objective To investigate the role of ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VL-PAG) metabotropic glutamate receptors subtype 7 and 8 (mGluR 7/8) in descending modulation of cardiosomatic motor reflex (CMR) in rats. Methods AMN082 (agonist of mGluR 7) and DCPG (agonist of mGluR 8) were injected into the VL-PAG of a rat model of CMR to observe their effects in modulating CMR. The raphe magnus nucleus (NRM) or the gigantocellular reticular nucleus (Gi) was then damaged, and the changes in VL-PAG descending modulation were observed. Results Selective activation of mGluR 7 of the VL-PAG by AMN082 obviously facilitated capsaicin (CAP)-induced CMR (P<0.05), which was suppressed by DCPG-induced mGluR 8 activation (P<0.05). These facilitatory or inhibitory effects were completely reversed by group III mGluR antagonist MSOP. Damaging the NRM of VL-PAG main relay nucleus did not significantly affect the facilitatory effect produced by AMN082 microinjection (P>0.05), but partially attenuated the inhibitory effect of DCPG microinjection (P<0.05). Both the facilitatory effect of AMN082 and the inhibitory effect of DCPG were reduced obviously after bilateral Gi damage (P<0.05). Conclusion VL-PAG mGluR 7 and mGluR 8 mediate biphasic regulation of CMR in rats probably through activation of different sub-nuclei and different neurons in the rostroventral medulla.

Objective To investigate the role of ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VL-PAG) metabotropic glutamate receptors subtype 7 and 8 (mGluR 7/8) in descending modulation of cardiosomatic motor reflex (CMR) in rats. Methods AMN082 (agonist of mGluR 7) and DCPG (agonist of mGluR 8) were injected into the VL-PAG of a rat model of CMR to observe their effects in modulating CMR. The raphe magnus nucleus (NRM) or the gigantocellular reticular nucleus (Gi) was then damaged, and the changes in VL-PAG descending modulation were observed. Results Selective activation of mGluR 7 of the VL-PAG by AMN082 obviously facilitated capsaicin (CAP)-induced CMR (P<0.05), which was suppressed by DCPG-induced mGluR 8 activation (P<0.05). These facilitatory or inhibitory effects were completely reversed by group III mGluR antagonist MSOP. Damaging the NRM of VL-PAG main relay nucleus did not significantly affect the facilitatory effect produced by AMN082 microinjection (P>0.05), but partially attenuated the inhibitory effect of DCPG microinjection (P<0.05). Both the facilitatory effect of AMN082 and the inhibitory effect of DCPG were reduced obviously after bilateral Gi damage (P<0.05). Conclusion VL-PAG mGluR 7 and mGluR 8 mediate biphasic regulation of CMR in rats probably through activation of different sub-nuclei and different neurons in the rostroventral medulla.

OBJECTIVETo observe the descending modulation of cardiac nociception by the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) in rats.

METHODSA rat model of cardiosomatic motor reflex (CMR) was established by injecting capsaicin into the pericardial sac to induce cardiac nociception, and the electromyogram (EMG) response of the dorsal spinotrapezius muscle was studied. The RVM was electrically stimulated (25, 75 and 100 µA) or destroyed to examine whether RVM exerted descending modulation on cardiac nociception.

RESULTSElectrical stimulation of the RVM at 8 sites produced intensity-dependent inhibition of EMG responses to noxious cardiac stimulus (F[2,21]=43.188, P=0.001). Electrical stimulation at 3 sites caused facilitated EMG responses, but the increased magnitude of the EMG was not dependent on stimulation intensity (F[2,6]=0.884, P=0.461). Stimulation at 11 sites produced biphasic effects: at a low intensity (25 µA), the elicited EMG magnitude was significantly larger than baseline (P<0.05), and at greater intensities (75/100 µA), the stimulation caused suppression of the EMG magnitude to a level significantly lower than the baseline (P<0.05). Electrolytic lesion of the RVM resulted in significantly increased EMG responses compared with the baseline and sham lesion group.

CONCLUSIONCardiac nociception evoked by capsaicin stimulation is subjected to descending biphasic modulation by the RVM, which produces predominantly descending inhibition on heart pain.

Animals ; Capsaicin ; pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Electromyography ; drug effects ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; physiology ; Nociception ; Nociceptors ; drug effects ; physiology ; Pain ; physiopathology ; Pericardium ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sensory System Agents ; pharmacology