Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of autologous parathyroid transplantation into the forearm brachioradialis muscle during thyroid surgery and analyze the timing of graft function recovery. Methods: A total of 52 patients undergoing thyroid surgery with autologous parathyroid transplantation were selected.Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured at various postoperative intervals, and instances of hypoparathyroidism were recorded. Results: Postoperative PTH levels on the transplant side were significantly higher than on the non-transplant side from week 1 to 1 year. Effective graft rates were 1.9% on day 1, 40.4% at week 1, 84.6% at 1 month, and stabilized at around 73% after 1 year. Transient hypoparathyroidism was observed in 17.3% of patients, with no permanent cases. Conclusion Autologous parathyroid transplantation into the forearm brachioradialis muscle effectively preserves parathyroid function, with grafts regaining optimal function within 2–3 months and the graft still having good secretory function 1 year after surgery.

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of HIV-related health service uptake among cross-border couples (Chinese husbands and Myanmar wives) in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture (hereinafter referred to as Dehong Prefecture), and to provide evidence for optimizing HIV prevention and control strategies in border areas. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2022 to September 2023 among 14 662 cross-border couples (Chinese husbands and Myanmar wives) in Dehong Prefecture. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, HIV/AIDS knowledge awareness, and utilization of HIV-related health services within the past year were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with HIV testing uptake among husbands and wives. ResultsA total of 29 324 individuals (14 662 couples) were included. The overall awareness rate of HIV/AIDS was 82.09%, with the rate among husbands significantly higher than that among wives (85.17% vs. 79.01%, P<0.001). Overall, 94.98% of participants had received at least one HIV-related health service, and the HIV testing rate in the past year was 65.52%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with participants married for 0‒3 years, those married for 4‒10 years and ≥11 years were more likely to have received HIV testing. The corresponding ORs were 1.344 (95%CI: 1.187‒1.521) and 1.381 (95%CI: 1.211‒1.574) among husbands, and 1.308 (95%CI: 1.155‒1.481) and 1.344 (95%CI: 1.178‒1.533) among wives, respectively. Compared with those holding a marriage certificate, those possessing a border marriage registration certificate were positively associated with HIV testing uptake, with ORs of 1.710 (95%CI: 1.575‒1.857) among husbands and 1.700 (95%CI: 1.565‒1.847) among wives. Compared with illiterate participants, those with primary school education showed lower testing rates, with ORs of 0.738 (95%CI: 0.650‒0.837) among husbands and 0.827 (95%CI: 0.766‒0.891) among wives. Additionally, a history of sexually transmitted diseases (OR=3.656, 95%CI: 1.243‒15.589) and participation in the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (OR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.179‒1.935) were independently associated with higher testing rates among husbands. ConclusionThe overall utilization of HIV-related health services among cross-border couples in Dehong Prefecture is satisfactory, but significant gender disparities exist, with foreign wives showing lower rates of knowledge awareness and lower proportions obtaining such knowledge through certain channels compared with their Chinese husbands. Couples with shorter marriage duration, those with primary school education, and those not included in the border marriage registration system are vulnerable groups with lower HIV testing uptake. Future interventions should prioritize cross-border marriage families at the early stage of entry and in the newly married period. Based on the border marriage registration management system and primary healthcare networks, health education and HIV testing services targeting foreign spouses should be strengthened to improve service accessibility and equity.

Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)on learning and memory ability and nucle-ar factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2),glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1),reactive oxygen species(ROS)in hippocampus of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBI)and its anti-oxidative stress mechanism.Methods:A total of 76 neonatal rats were randomly divided into Sham opera-tion group(Sham),HIBI model group(HIBI),electroacupuncture group(HIBI+EA),and Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 group(HIBI+EA+ML385).The neonatal rat model of HIBI was established by classical Rice method.The HIBI+EA group was treated with electroacupuncture for 30 min/d for 14 consecutive days.In the HIBI+EA+ML385 group,30 mg/kg ML385 was intraperitoneally injected at 1 h before each electroacupuncture intervention.Morris water maze test was performed on 21 days after modeling to test the learning and memory ability of neonatal rats in each group.Nissl staining and HE staining were used to observe the morphology of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region,and DHE flu-orescent probe was used to detect the expression of ROS in the hippocampal CA1 region.The contents of Nrf2,GPX4 and NQO1 in hippocampus were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the Sham group,the HIBI group had severe pathological damage,a prolonged escape latency,a decreased number of platform crossings,a significantly increased expression of ROS,and a significantly decreased expression of Nrf2,GPX4,and NQO1(P<0.05).Com-pared with HIBI group,the pathological damage was significantly attenuated,the escape latency was shortened,the number of platform crossings was increased,the expression of ROS was decreased,and the expression of Nrf2,GPX4 and NQO1 was increased in HIBI+EA group(P<0.05).Compared with HIBI+EA group,the pathological damage was aggravated,the escape latency was prolonged,the number of crossing the platform was decreased,the expression of ROS was increased,and the expression of Nrf2,GPX4,and NQO1 was decreased in HIBI+EA+ML385 group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture can effectively improve the learning and memory ability of hypoxic-ischemic neonatal rats,which is related to its effect in reducing oxidative stress in hippocampal neurons by regulating Nrf2 signa-ling pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) combined regimens for hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province from 2022 to 2024, to analyze the characteristics of treatment failure patients, so as to provide a basis for discovering more effective treatment regimens in the future. MethodsData on HCV prevention and treatment in Dehong Prefecture was extracted from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System. A total of 617 patients with HCV antiviral therapy were included, and the differences in variable characteristics among patients with different genotypes were analyzed using comparative statistical tests, including basic socio-demographic characteristics, biochemical testing indicators, and information on previous treatment and current treatment. In addition, the cure rate of HCV patients with diverse characteristics was compared, and the potential causes of treatment failure were explored simultaneously. ResultsThe cure rate of HCV was 96.8%, and statistically significant differences were observed in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, previous antiviral therapy history and initial treatment regimens among patients with different HCV genotypes (all P<0.05). Among the multi-type combination regimens, the cure rate of sofosbuvir (SOF)-containing regimens was 97.00%, that of velpatasvir (VEL)-containing regimens was 95.45%, and the cure rate of other treatment regimens, including the regimens with ribavirin (RIB) intervention, was 93.10%. Among the patients with treatment failure, 45.00% had genotype 3, 40.00% had abnormal abdominal ultrasound results, and all presented with elevated baseline AST test levels. ConclusionThe clinical treatment of HCV patients should consider the differences in genotype and biochemical test results. DAAs combined regimens for HCV have achieved a high cure rate in Dehong Prefecture and are applicable to HCV patients with diverse clinical characteristics, providing research evidence for wider application.

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for treating thyroid nodules (TNs). Methods: We retrospectively included the patients who underwent RFA for TNs in our hospital between January 2020 and December 2023. Preoperative and postoperative data including age, sex, body mass index, and thyroid hormone levels were collected from each patient. The efficacy of RFA on TNs was analyzed by evaluating the volume reduction (VR) and volume reduction rate (VRR) at postoperative months 1, 3, 6, and 12, respectively. In addition, the efficacy of RFA on nodule composition and postoperative complications was evaluated. Finally, a subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential risks. Results: VR at postoperative month 12 was significantly higher than those at postoperative months 1, 3, and 6, respectively (all P < 0.001). VRR at month 12 was significantly higher than that of months 1, 3, and 6, respectively (all P < 0.001). Conclusion RFA is an effective option for treating TNs with good safety. VR and VRR showed significant increase after RFA compared with the pretreatment levels.

Objective:To investigate the sero-conversion rate of HIV antibody and influencing factors in cross-border couples in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture(Dehong).Methods:A cohort design was used to recruit HIV-negative people in cross-border couples in Dehong in 2017. Follow-up was conducted in 2023, and questionnaire survey and HIV test were carried out to calculate the sero-conversion rate of HIV antibody. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the influence factors for HIV infections.Results:A total of 36 278 HIV-negative persons in cross-border couples were included in the 2017 baseline survey, of whom 22 438 (61.9%) were tested in follow-up in 2023. The sero-conversion rate between 2017 and 2023 was 0.51% (115/22 438). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that length of marriage <6 years, Jingpo ethnic group, education level of primary school or below, drug use, illegal marriage and HIV infected spouse were the risk factors of HIV infection in male spouses, and length of marriage <6 years, Jingpo ethnic group, illegal marriage and HIV infected spouse were the risk factors in female spouses.Conclusions:The sero-conversion rate of HIV antibody in cross-border couples in Dehong was relatively high. HIV infection was mainly caused by secondary transmission in the couples, and men might also be infected through drug use. It is necessary to strengthen the registration and management of cross-border couples, especially the couples with discordant HIV infection status, and the intervention in drug users to reduce the risk for secondary transmission of HIV in the cross-border couples.

Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)on learning and memory ability and nucle-ar factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2),glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1),reactive oxygen species(ROS)in hippocampus of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBI)and its anti-oxidative stress mechanism.Methods:A total of 76 neonatal rats were randomly divided into Sham opera-tion group(Sham),HIBI model group(HIBI),electroacupuncture group(HIBI+EA),and Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 group(HIBI+EA+ML385).The neonatal rat model of HIBI was established by classical Rice method.The HIBI+EA group was treated with electroacupuncture for 30 min/d for 14 consecutive days.In the HIBI+EA+ML385 group,30 mg/kg ML385 was intraperitoneally injected at 1 h before each electroacupuncture intervention.Morris water maze test was performed on 21 days after modeling to test the learning and memory ability of neonatal rats in each group.Nissl staining and HE staining were used to observe the morphology of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region,and DHE flu-orescent probe was used to detect the expression of ROS in the hippocampal CA1 region.The contents of Nrf2,GPX4 and NQO1 in hippocampus were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the Sham group,the HIBI group had severe pathological damage,a prolonged escape latency,a decreased number of platform crossings,a significantly increased expression of ROS,and a significantly decreased expression of Nrf2,GPX4,and NQO1(P<0.05).Com-pared with HIBI group,the pathological damage was significantly attenuated,the escape latency was shortened,the number of platform crossings was increased,the expression of ROS was decreased,and the expression of Nrf2,GPX4 and NQO1 was increased in HIBI+EA group(P<0.05).Compared with HIBI+EA group,the pathological damage was aggravated,the escape latency was prolonged,the number of crossing the platform was decreased,the expression of ROS was increased,and the expression of Nrf2,GPX4,and NQO1 was decreased in HIBI+EA+ML385 group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture can effectively improve the learning and memory ability of hypoxic-ischemic neonatal rats,which is related to its effect in reducing oxidative stress in hippocampal neurons by regulating Nrf2 signa-ling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Eupatilin,a flavonoid active component derived from Artemisia sinensis,has been reported to relieve inflammation and improve neurological scores in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage,but its role and mechanism in learning and memory remain unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of eupatilin on learning and memory abilities and P38 mitogen activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3(STAT3)pathway proteins in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage.METHODS:A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group,model group,eupatilin group,hesperetin group,eupatilin+hesperetin group,with 10 rats in each group.Except for the sham surgery group,the rats in the other groups were used to construct a subarachnoid hemorrhage model through intravascular perforation.Two hours after successful modeling,the eupatilin group was injected with 10 mg/kg eupatilin via the tail vein,the hesperetin group was injected with 50 mg/kg hesperetin(p38 MAPK/STAT3 signaling pathway activator)via the tail vein,the eupatilin+hesperetin group was injected with 10 mg/kg eupatilin and 50 mg/kg hesperetin via the tail vein,and the sham surgery group and the model group were injected with 10 mL/kg saline via the tail vein.The drug treatment lasted for 24 hours.The neurologic deficit score and Morris water maze experiment were applied to detect the neurological function and learning and memory abilities of rats.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to detect the histopathological changes of the hippocampus.TUNEL method was used to detect neuronal apoptosis.Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to detect the number of doublecortin-positive cells in hippocampal tissue.Western blot was applied to detect the expression of p38 MAPK/STAT3 protein in hippocampal tissue.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the sham surgery group,rats in the model group had lower neurological deficit scores,learning and memory abilities,and number of doublecortin-positive cells(P<0.05),and higher neuronal apoptosis rate and protein expression of p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK and p-STAT3/STAT3(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,rats in the eupatilin group showed higher neurological deficit scores,learning and memory abilities,and number of doublecortin-positive cells(P<0.05),and lower neuronal apoptosis rate and protein expression of p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK and p-STAT3/STAT3(P<0.05),while those in the nerolone group showed lower neurological deficit scores,learning and memory abilities,and number of doublecortin-positive cells(P<0.05),and higher neuronal apoptosis rate and protein expression of p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK and p-STAT3/STAT3(P<0.05).Compared with the eupatilin group,rats in the eupatilin+hesperetin group had lower neurological deficit scores,learning memory abilities,and number of doublecortin-positive cells(P<0.05),and higher neuronal apoptosis rate and protein expression of p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK and p-STAT3/STAT3(P<0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that compared with the model group,the nerve cells were more neatly arranged in the eupatilin group,disorganized in the hesperetin group,and arranged in a similar way to the model group in the eupatilin+hesperetin group.To conclude,eupatilin may improve learning and memory abilities of rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage by inhibiting the p38 MAPK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Eupatilin,a flavonoid active component derived from Artemisia sinensis,has been reported to relieve inflammation and improve neurological scores in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage,but its role and mechanism in learning and memory remain unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of eupatilin on learning and memory abilities and P38 mitogen activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3(STAT3)pathway proteins in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage.METHODS:A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group,model group,eupatilin group,hesperetin group,eupatilin+hesperetin group,with 10 rats in each group.Except for the sham surgery group,the rats in the other groups were used to construct a subarachnoid hemorrhage model through intravascular perforation.Two hours after successful modeling,the eupatilin group was injected with 10 mg/kg eupatilin via the tail vein,the hesperetin group was injected with 50 mg/kg hesperetin(p38 MAPK/STAT3 signaling pathway activator)via the tail vein,the eupatilin+hesperetin group was injected with 10 mg/kg eupatilin and 50 mg/kg hesperetin via the tail vein,and the sham surgery group and the model group were injected with 10 mL/kg saline via the tail vein.The drug treatment lasted for 24 hours.The neurologic deficit score and Morris water maze experiment were applied to detect the neurological function and learning and memory abilities of rats.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to detect the histopathological changes of the hippocampus.TUNEL method was used to detect neuronal apoptosis.Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to detect the number of doublecortin-positive cells in hippocampal tissue.Western blot was applied to detect the expression of p38 MAPK/STAT3 protein in hippocampal tissue.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the sham surgery group,rats in the model group had lower neurological deficit scores,learning and memory abilities,and number of doublecortin-positive cells(P<0.05),and higher neuronal apoptosis rate and protein expression of p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK and p-STAT3/STAT3(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,rats in the eupatilin group showed higher neurological deficit scores,learning and memory abilities,and number of doublecortin-positive cells(P<0.05),and lower neuronal apoptosis rate and protein expression of p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK and p-STAT3/STAT3(P<0.05),while those in the nerolone group showed lower neurological deficit scores,learning and memory abilities,and number of doublecortin-positive cells(P<0.05),and higher neuronal apoptosis rate and protein expression of p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK and p-STAT3/STAT3(P<0.05).Compared with the eupatilin group,rats in the eupatilin+hesperetin group had lower neurological deficit scores,learning memory abilities,and number of doublecortin-positive cells(P<0.05),and higher neuronal apoptosis rate and protein expression of p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK and p-STAT3/STAT3(P<0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that compared with the model group,the nerve cells were more neatly arranged in the eupatilin group,disorganized in the hesperetin group,and arranged in a similar way to the model group in the eupatilin+hesperetin group.To conclude,eupatilin may improve learning and memory abilities of rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage by inhibiting the p38 MAPK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the sero-conversion rate of HIV antibody and influencing factors in cross-border couples in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture(Dehong).Methods:A cohort design was used to recruit HIV-negative people in cross-border couples in Dehong in 2017. Follow-up was conducted in 2023, and questionnaire survey and HIV test were carried out to calculate the sero-conversion rate of HIV antibody. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the influence factors for HIV infections.Results:A total of 36 278 HIV-negative persons in cross-border couples were included in the 2017 baseline survey, of whom 22 438 (61.9%) were tested in follow-up in 2023. The sero-conversion rate between 2017 and 2023 was 0.51% (115/22 438). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that length of marriage <6 years, Jingpo ethnic group, education level of primary school or below, drug use, illegal marriage and HIV infected spouse were the risk factors of HIV infection in male spouses, and length of marriage <6 years, Jingpo ethnic group, illegal marriage and HIV infected spouse were the risk factors in female spouses.Conclusions:The sero-conversion rate of HIV antibody in cross-border couples in Dehong was relatively high. HIV infection was mainly caused by secondary transmission in the couples, and men might also be infected through drug use. It is necessary to strengthen the registration and management of cross-border couples, especially the couples with discordant HIV infection status, and the intervention in drug users to reduce the risk for secondary transmission of HIV in the cross-border couples.