Breast cancer (BC) is a female malignant tumor with high incidence rate worldwide, and its disease burden continues to grow. Previous studies have demonstrated that there is a close association between changes of glucolipid metabolism indicators and risk of BC. Abnormal glucolipid metabolism may affect the occurrence and development of breast cancer by mediating chronic inflammatory states, affecting signaling pathways, promoting oxidative stress, affecting sex hormone levels and their biological activities, and driving endocrine dysfunction in adipose tissue. This paper systematically reviews the relationship between glucolipid metabolism indicators and risk of BC, aiming to point out the direction for further research on the relationship between glucolipid metabolism and BC, and to provide a reference basis for breast cancer risk assessment, early diagnosis, and prevention and treatment strategies.

Objective: To understand the current status and associated factors of sleep problems among preschool children in Hainan Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for improving sleep health in this population. Methods: From January 2021 to June 2022, a total of 4 105 preschool children aged 3-6 years from 62 kindergartens in Hainan Province were selected using stratified cluster random sampling method. Demographic information and lifestyle habits were collected through the Hainan Province Child Growth and Development Survey Questionnaire. The Children s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was employed to assess sleep status. Unconditional binary Logistic regression model was applied to investigate the associated factors of sleep problems among preschool children. Results: The overall CSHQ score for children was 58.03±18.84, with 80.95% of preschool children exhibiting sleep related issues. The top three most prevalent sleep problem domains were bedtime resistance (72.42%), sleep anxiety ( 54.88 %), and parasomnias (38.86%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher family annual income ( OR=0.60, 95%CI = 0.45-0.79), higher maternal education level ( OR=0.53, 95%CI =0.32-0.89), regular or daily vitamin D supplementation ( OR=0.77, 95%CI =0.60-0.99), and fully self initiated eating behavior ( OR=0.71, 95%CI =0.59-0.85) were negatively related with children s sleep problems; in addition, screen exposure ( OR=1.27, 95%CI =1.06-1.51) and picky eating ( OR= 1.47 , 95%CI =1.21-1.78) were positively related to children s sleep problems (all P <0.05). Conclusion The high detection rate of sleep problems among preschool children in Hainan Province is multifactorially associated with family environment, dietary habits, and lifestyle behaviors.

Abstract Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disorder syndrome caused by purine metabolism dysregulation, and its prevalence increases year by year. The development and progression of HUA are accompanied by significant alterations in the composition of intestinal microbiota, making probiotics a potential and safe method to reduce serum uric acid. Probiotics ameliorate HUA through three pathways: competing with intestinal epithelial cells for purine absorption to decrease uric acid synthesis, inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity through modulation of inflammatory cytokines to reduce the conversion of purine to uric acid, as well as restoring and maintaining an orderly state of the gut microbiota to facilitate normal uric acid excretion. This article reviews the role of probiotics in ameliorating HUA, so as to provide the reference for the application of probiotics in the prevention and intervention of HUA.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of fortified whey protein enteral nutrition preparations on the nutritional status and disease benefit perception of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) during chemotherapy.Methods:A total of 96 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer admitted to the Chang′an Hospital from June 2020 to June 2023 were included and divided into two groups according to the random number table method. The control group ( n=48) received standard chemotherapy and conventional nutritional support, while the observation group ( n=48) was treated with whey protein and enteral nutrition preparations in addition to the control group. During the treatment period, the nutritional sign indicators of the patients [body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) score], serum indicators [albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PAB), hemoglobin (Hb)], and immune function (CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , CD4 + /CD8 + ) patient quality of life scores [Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), Zubrod Performance Status (ZPS), Quality of Life Score (QOL)], Specific Disease Benefit Scale (BFS) score and chemotherapy response were monitored. Results:After chemotherapy, the levels of ALB, PAB and Hb in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05), BMI and TSF were significantly higher than those in the control group, PG-SGA score was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05), and CD3 + , CD4 + and CD4 + /CD8 + were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). CD8 + was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.05); The KPS and QOL of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the ZPS was significantly lower than that in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The scores of acceptance, healthy behavior and personal growth dimensions of the BFS score in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). During the intervention period, the incidence of gastrointestinal reactions and thrombocytopenia in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The fortified whey protein enteral nutrition preparations have a significant improvement effect on the nutritional status and disease benefit perception of patients with advanced NSCLC during chemotherapy, and may help improve the overall condition and chemotherapy tolerance of patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of baseline 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG)PET/CT metabolic parame-ters and certain clinical indicators in predicting the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL).Methods A retrospec-tive analysis was conducted on the baseline 18 F-FDG PET/CT data of 73 DLBCL patients who received R-CHOP treatment.Patients were divided into progression group(24 cases)and non-progression group(49 cases)based on disease progression within 2 years post-treatment.The lesion maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax),tumour-to-liver blood pool SUVmax ratio(LLR)and tumour-to-mediastinal blood pool SUVmax ratio(L-BPR)were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Kaplan-Meier(K-M)survival curves analysis were performed based on the optimal thresholds of SUVmax,LLR and L-BPR.x2 tests were used to analyze and compare the relationship between each parameter and disease progression.Indicators that were significant in the x2 tests were included in the multivariate Cox regression analysis.Results The area under the curve(AUC)for LLR,L-BPR,and SUVmax were 0.920,0.914,and 0.848,respectively,with optimal thresholds of 7.41,10.67,and 14.70.Based on these thresholds,K-M survival curves analysis showed that the 2-year progression-free survival(PFS)rates for DLBCL patients were 79.2％vs 30.8％(P＜0.001),74.3％vs 22.0％(P=0.009),and 79.5％vs 51.6％(P=0.002),respectively.Significant differences were observed between the progression and non-progression groups in terms of LLR,L-BPR,SUVmax,extranodal involvement,international prognostic index(IPI)score,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)level,Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)score,and β2-microglobulin(β2-MG)levels(P＜0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the IPI score and LLR were independent predictors affecting the 2-year PFS of DLBCL patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion Baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameter LLR and IPI score are inde-pendent factors for predicting the prognosis of DLBCL patients.

BACKGROUND:Kaempferol has anti-osteoporotic effects,but the mechanisms by which kaempferol regulates gut microbiota and metabolites to prevent and treat osteoporosis remain unclear.OBJECTIVE:To exploring the potential mechanisms by which kaempferol inhibit osteoporosis based on gut microbiota and comprehensive targeted metabolomics.METHODS:Eighteen female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation group,model group,and kaempferol group,with 6 rats in each group.Animal models of osteoporosis were made in the latter two groups through removal of bilateral ovaries.Eight weeks after modeling,the sham operation and model groups were gavaged with distilled water,and the kaempferol group was gavaged with 40 mg/kg kaempferol.Continuous administration in each group was carried out for 12 weeks.Rat fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to observe changes in the gut microbiota structure.Serum samples were subjected to comprehensive targeted metabolomics analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology,along with a proprietary database and multivariate statistical analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 12 weeks of continuous intervention,the results of 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing showed that compared with the sham operation group,the abundance of gut microbiota increased in the model group.Compared with the model group,kaempferol group exhibited a statistically significant increase in the abundance of the genus Latilactobacillus(P=0.021),while the abundances of Pantoea(P=0.034),Enterorhabdus(P=0.000),Monoglobus(P=0.024),Butyricimonas(P=0.034),Rothia(P=0.043),and Clostridia(P=0.004)were significantly downregulated.After 12 weeks of continuous intervention,the results of the serum samples analyzed by broad-targeted metabolomics revealed that 120 and 79 metabolites were identified between the sham operation and model groups and between the model and kaempferol groups,respectively.Among the three groups,there were 17 overlapping differentially expressed metabolites,including Cis-aconitic acid,barbituric acid,L-homocitrulline,3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid,L-3-phenyllactic acid,cyclo(pro-pro),L-phenylalanine-L-serine,proline-isoleucine,L-donoraminoacetic acid-L-phenylalanineacetic acid,and phenylalanine-aspartic acid.Most of them belong to amino acids and their metabolites,glycerophospholipids and fatty acyls.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways involved in the differential metabolites were mainly enriched in D-amino acid metabolism,histidine metabolism,propionate metabolism,lysine degradation,fatty acid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism.After 12 weeks of continuous intervention,combined analysis revealed that genera such as Enterorhabdus,Latilactobacillus,Rothia,and Ruminococcus were closely associated with differential serum metabolites.To conclude,kaempferol may exert its anti-osteoporotic effects by modulating the abundance,diversity,and structure of gut microbiota,thereby regulating the metabolism of amino acids,their metabolites,and fatty acids.

Objective To analyze the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG)PET/CT manifestations of autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)and to explore the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in AIP.Methods Twenty-three patients with suspected AIP who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT were retrospectively analyzed.Eleven patients were diagnosed with AIP based on the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria(ICDC)of AIP published by the International Pancreatic Disease Association.The detection rate and diagnostic sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT for pancreatic enlargement,duct stenosis,duct dilation,pseudocapsules,and extrapancreatic involvement were analyzed,along with the 18F-FDG PET/CT manifestations of AIP.Results The 18F-FDG PET/CT manifestations of 11 patients with AIP:9 patients(81.82%)showed diffuse pancreatic enlargement,and 2 patients(18.18%)had local pancreatic head enlargement.And metabolism showed diffuse or localized increase.The maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax)for the early PET/CT was 1.7-9.1(4.52±1.92),and for the delayed PET/CT,it was 2.6-9.8(5.25±1.98),with a statistically signifi-cant difference between the two phases SUVmax(t=-7.627,P<0.001).Two patients showed duct stenosis,six had distal duct dilation,and three exhibited pseudocapsule formation.Extrapancreatic involvement occurred in ten patients(90.91%),including sclerosing cholangitis,bile duct dilation inside and outside the liver,gallbladder changes,lymph node involvement,salivary gland involvement,prostate involvement,retroperitoneal fibrosis,pulmonary lesions,arteritis,and granulomatous tissue formation,etc.Among them,the same patient may present with multiple manifestations of extrapancreatic involvement.Among the 11 patients,eight were diagnosed as AIP,two as pancreatic cancer,and one as acute pancreatitis by 18F-FDG PET/CT.The diagnostic sensitivity was 72.73%.Conclusion The 18F-FDG PET/CT of AIP demonstrates specificity in anatomical morphology and metabolic changes and can better display extrapancreatic involvement,which has unique clinical value in AIP imaging diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of Schistosoma japonicum cystatin(rSj-Cystatin)in a mouse mode of"two-hit"sepsis.Methods Sixty male C57BL/6 mice randomized equally into sham-operated group,protein group,"two-hit"modeling group,and protein intervention group.In the former two groups,the mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 100 μL PBS followed by exposure of the cecum and then by intraperitoneal injection of 100 μL PBS or 25 μg rSj-Cystatin 30 min later;In the latter two groups,100 μL PBS containing LPS(5 mg/kg)was injected intraperitoneally 24 h before cecal ligation and puncture(CLP),and 100 μL PBS or 25 μg rSj-Cystatin were injected 30 min after CLP.At 12 h after rSj-Cystatin treatment,6 mice from each group were sacrificed for detection of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10,TGF-β,iNOS and Arg-1 in the serum,spleen,liver,lung and kidney tissues using ELISA,for examinations of liver,lung and kidney pathologies with HE staining,and for analysis of CD3+CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cell percentage in the spleen using flow cytometry.The remaining mice were observed for general condition and 72-h survival.Results The 72-h survival rates in the 4 groups were 100％,100％,0％and 20％,respectively,showing significant differences between the latter two groups.The mouse models of"two-hit"sepsis exhibited obvious tissue pathologies and significant elevations of TNF-α and IL-6 in both the serum and tissue homogenate,which were significantly ameliorated by rSj-Cystatin treatment.Treatment with rSj-Cystatin also increased IL-10 and TGF-β levels and spleen CD3+CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cell percentage.The septic mouse models also showed increased iNOS levels in all the detected tissues and a decreased Arg-1 level in the kidney,and these changes were obviously improved by rSj-Cystatin treatment.Conclusion rSj-Cystatin has a protective effect against"two-hit"sepsis in mice by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment.

Background: Metals and their ions have been used to reduce bacterial infection risks. Among them, minerals containing rubidium (MCR), natural minerals containing metal ions, show potential as novel and tunable materials. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity and mechanism of MCR. Methods: The inhibitory effect of MCR on bacteria was clarified using the growth curve method, turbidimetric method, and minimum inhibitory concentration method. Physiological and biochemical indices were employed to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of MCR. Results: The results revealed that MCR inhibited Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 11.95, 2.60, and 2.60 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory activity of MCR was insignificant against Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Helicobacter pylori at 3.25 mg/mL. Mechanistic assessments showed that MCR affected bacterial conductivity, protein and nucleic acid levels, reducing sugar content, respiratory chain dehydrogenase activity, bacterial lipid peroxidation, intracellular adenosine triphosphate, and extracellular alkaline phosphatase. Conclusion: MCR has bacteriostatic activity and the mechanism primarily involves adhesion to bacteria, disrupting the integrity of their cell walls and membranes, and altering their permeability. This disruption leads to the release of intracellular molecules of various sizes, inhibiting cellular respiration and metabolism, and causing oxidative damage. These combined effects impair cellular functions, affecting cell growth and metabolism, or leading to cell death. These findings provide a theoretical reference for the development of MCR as a bacteriostatic agent.

Objective To explore the effects of individualized nutrition intervention combined with one-day outpatient mode on blood glucose management and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods A total of 395 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM who underwent prenatal examination in Maternity and Child Health Care of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as study objects.According to the nutritional intervention measures,the pregnant women were divided into control group(102 cases),nutrition intervention group(141 cases)and combined intervention group(152 cases).The control group was given routine diet education,and nutrition intervention group received individualized nutrition intervention on the basis of control group,and combined intervention group received one-day outpatient intervention on the basis of nutrition intervention group.All pregnant women in three groups were intervened until delivery.The general data,blood glucose indexes and pregnancy outcome of three groups were compared.Results After the intervention,the levels of preprandial blood glucose and 2h postprandial blood glucose on the day of delivery,glycated hemoglobin in late pregnancy and postpartum fasting blood glucose in combined intervention group were significantly lower than those in nutrition intervention group and control group(P＜0.05).The levels of preprandial blood glucose on the day of delivery and postpartum fasting blood glucose in nutrition intervention group were significantly lower than those in control group(P＜0.05).The incidence of preterm birth,low birth weight infants,neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal hypoglycemia in nutrition intervention group and combined intervention group were significantly lower than those in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Individualized nutrition intervention combined with one-day outpatient mode can help to manage blood glucose in pregnant women with GDM and improve pregnancy outcome.