BACKGROUND:Due to the complex movement of the scapula,which is a six-degree-of-freedom activity in three-dimensional space,it is difficult to measure it accurately using traditional methods.The image and model matching technology based on dual-plane X-ray is a three-dimensional measurement method that has gradually developed and matured in recent years.Two high-speed cameras are used to project and shoot from orthogonal directions.Compared with a single perspective,this method has advantages in observation range and reduction of out-of-plane errors,and is suitable for the study of scapula kinematics.OBJECTIVE:X-ray biplane and image-model registration technology were used to explore the differences in scapular kinematics between normal individuals and patients with rotator cuff tears,providing a basis for the treatment and rehabilitation of rotator cuff tear patients.METHODS:From April 2023 to January 2024,10 patients with normal shoulders and 10 patients with rotator cuff tears who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled from Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The subjects underwent a shoulder CT scan to create a 3D model and a local scapular coordinate system.X-ray biplane images were taken during shoulder abduction with two C-arm machines.The 2D and 3D images were registered to compare scapular kinematic differences between the two groups at 0°,15°,30°,45°,60°,75°,and 90° of abduction,including scapular rotation angle and displacement distance.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)During shoulder abduction,the scapula of both groups showed upward rotation,but the upward rotation of the rotator cuff tear group was greater than that of the control group,and the difference was significant when the abduction was 30°-90°(P＜0.01).At the same time,the scapula internal rotation of both groups gradually increased,but the rotator cuff tear group was significantly greater than the control group when the abduction was 45°-90°(P＜0.01).In addition,the anteroposterior tilt of the scapula of the two groups was significantly different when the abduction was 15°-90°(P＜0.01).The scapula posterior tilt of the control group gradually increased during abduction,while the scapula of the rotator cuff tear group tilted forward except for a slight posterior tilt at 15°-30° abduction.(2)In terms of displacement,the upward displacement of the rotator cuff tear group was less than that of the control group during abduction,and the difference was significant at 15°-90°(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in lateral and anterior-posterior displacement between the two groups(P＞0.05).(3)Rotator cuff tear can cause scapular dyskinesis,characterized by increased upward rotation,internal rotation,and abnormal forward tilt during shoulder abduction.Identifying and addressing scapular dyskinesis is crucial for treating rotator cuff tear.

BACKGROUND:Due to the complex movement of the scapula,which is a six-degree-of-freedom activity in three-dimensional space,it is difficult to measure it accurately using traditional methods.The image and model matching technology based on dual-plane X-ray is a three-dimensional measurement method that has gradually developed and matured in recent years.Two high-speed cameras are used to project and shoot from orthogonal directions.Compared with a single perspective,this method has advantages in observation range and reduction of out-of-plane errors,and is suitable for the study of scapula kinematics.OBJECTIVE:X-ray biplane and image-model registration technology were used to explore the differences in scapular kinematics between normal individuals and patients with rotator cuff tears,providing a basis for the treatment and rehabilitation of rotator cuff tear patients.METHODS:From April 2023 to January 2024,10 patients with normal shoulders and 10 patients with rotator cuff tears who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled from Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The subjects underwent a shoulder CT scan to create a 3D model and a local scapular coordinate system.X-ray biplane images were taken during shoulder abduction with two C-arm machines.The 2D and 3D images were registered to compare scapular kinematic differences between the two groups at 0°,15°,30°,45°,60°,75°,and 90° of abduction,including scapular rotation angle and displacement distance.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)During shoulder abduction,the scapula of both groups showed upward rotation,but the upward rotation of the rotator cuff tear group was greater than that of the control group,and the difference was significant when the abduction was 30°-90°(P＜0.01).At the same time,the scapula internal rotation of both groups gradually increased,but the rotator cuff tear group was significantly greater than the control group when the abduction was 45°-90°(P＜0.01).In addition,the anteroposterior tilt of the scapula of the two groups was significantly different when the abduction was 15°-90°(P＜0.01).The scapula posterior tilt of the control group gradually increased during abduction,while the scapula of the rotator cuff tear group tilted forward except for a slight posterior tilt at 15°-30° abduction.(2)In terms of displacement,the upward displacement of the rotator cuff tear group was less than that of the control group during abduction,and the difference was significant at 15°-90°(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in lateral and anterior-posterior displacement between the two groups(P＞0.05).(3)Rotator cuff tear can cause scapular dyskinesis,characterized by increased upward rotation,internal rotation,and abnormal forward tilt during shoulder abduction.Identifying and addressing scapular dyskinesis is crucial for treating rotator cuff tear.

OBJECTIVE To develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic （PBPK） model for sodium tanshinone Ⅱ A sulfonate （STS）， clopidogrel （Clo）， and its metabolites， to predict the potential drug-drug interaction （DDI） between STS and Clo during co-administration， and to identify the key factors influencing the predicte d DDI， and provide evidence for rational clinical medication. METHODS Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters of Clo， its metabolites， and STS were retrieved from PubMed， DrugBank， and SwissADME for PBPK model development. The steady-state area under the plasma concentration-time curve （AUC） and maximum concentration （ c max ） of clopidogrel thiol H4 （Clo-AM） were used as indicators to evaluate the DDI between STS and Clo. Single-factor sensitivity analysis was performed to identify key parameters influencing DDI between STS and Clo during co-administration. RESULTS Compared with Clo alone， after 7 days of Clo combined with STS 40 mg， the AUC ratio and c max ratio of Clo-AM were 0.75 and 0.63， respectively. When the dose of STS was increased to 80 mg， the AUC ratio and c max ratio of Clo-AM were 0.62 and 0.56， respectively. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the absolute values of normalized sensitivity coefficients for the lipophilicity of Clo-AM， the inhibition constants of STS for CYP2C19 and CYP3A4， and the hepatic clearance of Clo-AM were 15.19， 11.34， 10.98， 3.08， respectively. These parameters were the highly sensitive parameters in the DDI between STS and Clo during co-administration. CONCLUSIONS The established PBPK model can be used to predict the DDI between STS and Clo during co-administration. Co-administration of STS and Clo may lead to decreased exposure of Clo-AM. The lipophilicity-related parameters of Clo-AM and the inhibition parameters related to CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 are key parameters influencing the prediction of Clo-AM exposure， among which the inhibitory effects of STS on CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 may be an important mechanism mediating the DDI between STS and Clo.

OBJECTIVE To develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic （PBPK） model for sodium tanshinone Ⅱ A sulfonate （STS）， clopidogrel （Clo）， and its metabolites， to predict the potential drug-drug interaction （DDI） between STS and Clo during co-administration， and to identify the key factors influencing the predicte d DDI， and provide evidence for rational clinical medication. METHODS Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters of Clo， its metabolites， and STS were retrieved from PubMed， DrugBank， and SwissADME for PBPK model development. The steady-state area under the plasma concentration-time curve （AUC） and maximum concentration （ c max ） of clopidogrel thiol H4 （Clo-AM） were used as indicators to evaluate the DDI between STS and Clo. Single-factor sensitivity analysis was performed to identify key parameters influencing DDI between STS and Clo during co-administration. RESULTS Compared with Clo alone， after 7 days of Clo combined with STS 40 mg， the AUC ratio and c max ratio of Clo-AM were 0.75 and 0.63， respectively. When the dose of STS was increased to 80 mg， the AUC ratio and c max ratio of Clo-AM were 0.62 and 0.56， respectively. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the absolute values of normalized sensitivity coefficients for the lipophilicity of Clo-AM， the inhibition constants of STS for CYP2C19 and CYP3A4， and the hepatic clearance of Clo-AM were 15.19， 11.34， 10.98， 3.08， respectively. These parameters were the highly sensitive parameters in the DDI between STS and Clo during co-administration. CONCLUSIONS The established PBPK model can be used to predict the DDI between STS and Clo during co-administration. Co-administration of STS and Clo may lead to decreased exposure of Clo-AM. The lipophilicity-related parameters of Clo-AM and the inhibition parameters related to CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 are key parameters influencing the prediction of Clo-AM exposure， among which the inhibitory effects of STS on CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 may be an important mechanism mediating the DDI between STS and Clo.

Glucosidases are an indispensable class of enzymes in the sugar metabolism of organisms. To investigate the biological functions and expression patterns of α-glucosidases (AGLUs) and β-glucosidases (BGLUs), we identified the two family members in the genome of melon (Cucumis melo). The number, location on chromosomes, gene structure, subcellular localization, conserved motifs, and phylogenetic relationship of the two family members were analyzed. Based on the cis-acting elements in the promoter region and protein interaction models, their functions were preliminarily predicted. Furthermore, the gene expression of the two family members was determined by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the melon genome contained five AGLU family members on five chromosomes, and all of the five members were located in the extracellular matrix, with the amino acid sequence lengths ranging from 899 aa to 1 060 aa. The melon genome carried 18 BGLU family members on 8 chromosomes, and all the members were located in the cell membrane or cytoplasm, with the amino acid lengths ranging from 151 aa to 576 aa. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of about 50% of the genes was down-regulated upon cold stress. CmAGLU5 and CmBGLU7 may be key members of the two families, respectively, in response to cold stress. The expression of all members of the two families was up-regulated under abscisic acid (ABA), high salt, and drought stress. In the AGLU family, CmAGLU3 was the key gene in response to ABA and high salt stress, while CmAGLU4 was the key gene in response to drought stress. In the BGLU family, CmBGLU18 was the key gene in response to ABA, while CmBGLU6 was the key gene in response to high salt and drought stress.
beta-Glucosidase/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; alpha-Glucosidases/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Cucurbitaceae/enzymology* ; Multigene Family ; Cucumis melo/enzymology* ; Stress, Physiological

Infection is the main cause of death after burn. Rational application of anti-infective drugs is crucial to control the disease. At present, the commonly used drugs in clinic are silver sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, silver nitrate, antibiotics, and so on, but the microbial resistance continues to increase. With the development of nanotechnology, as a new type of antibacterial material, nanoparticles have more stable physical and chemical properties. Nanoparticles can achieve the effect of sustained and controlled release of drugs, reduce toxicity and improve bioavailability, which is expected to provide new opportunities for reducing the occurrence of drug resistance. In this article, the current research progresses of topical anti-infection nano preparations for burns were reviewed, in order to provide references for the research of new nano-drug delivery systems.

Objective To explore the clinical significance and to investigate the expression of TOMM40L in the tis-sue of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Methods The expression of TOMM40L in TNBC tissues and normal tissues was analyzed with TCGA and UALCAN databases.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis and Nomogram model were used to evaluate the prognostic value of TOMM40L in TNBC patients.Furthermore,the ex-pression of TOMM40L in breast cancer cell lines was evaluated using Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time PCR.Specific siRNA knockdown was performed to evaluate the migration,and cell proliferation of TOMM40L.The potential signaling pathways of TOMM40L were identified by GO and KEGG and GSEA.Results TOMM40L was highly expressed in the TNBC compared to non-TNBC tumor tissues(P＜0.001).TOMM40L levels were en-hanced in TNBC cell lines as compared to other non-TNBC cell lines.CCK-8 and Transwell assay demonstrated that TOMM40L knockdown reduced the proliferation and migration of TNBCcell lines.Functional enrichment analysis showed that TOMM40L was involved in glucose metabolism-related pathways.Conclusions The expression of TOMM40L is increased in TNBC and is correlated with poor prognosis.TOMM40L may promote TNBC migration and proliferation.

OBJECTIVE To explore a new model of intelligent medication education for pharmaceutical outpatient clinics by constructing dynamic HTML web pages through the DeepSeek-V3-0324 large-scale model. METHODS Clinical pharmacists integrated key clinical information such as patients’ basic information， medication history and medication precautions in real time， and generated a standardized medication education list through the DeepSeek-V3-0324 large-scale model and manual review. RESULTS The DeepSeek-V3-0324 large-scale model was applied in the pharmaceutical outpatient clinics to generate a personalized medication education list， which could effectively solve the disunity of pharmacy guidance caused by the lack of standardization of medication education and the difference of individualized experience of pharmacists in the traditional pharmaceutical outpatient clinics in the face of complex cases， and medication errors caused by forgetting or misremembering information among certain special patient populations after receiving medication education. CONCLUSIONS The transformation and application of artificial intelligence technology in pharmaceutical outpatient clinics is an innovation of pharmaceutical outpatient service means， which can provide patients with immediate and personalized medication education and improve the quality of pharmaceutical care. However， it is also necessary to face the lag of database update and the lack of risk management， as well as the lack of diversification of medication education lists.

Objective:To explore the current status of back patting and sputum drainage nursing performed by nurses in the Neurological Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and their design requirements for a nursing robot, providing a reference for the design of nursing robots for back patting and sputum drainage.Methods:This descriptive qualitative study employed a purposive sampling method. From January to February 2024, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 nurses from the NICU of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results:A total of three major issues were identified regarding the current practice of back patting and sputum drainage nursing by NICU nurses: heavy workload and time-consuming; difficulties in patient positioning and maintenance; deficiencies in nursing care. The design requirements for a back patting and sputum drainage nursing robot were categorized into two main themes with 10 sub-themes: functional requirements (turning function, supporting function, intelligent recognition function, abnormality detection with alarm or pause feature, and evaluation of post-percussion effectiveness) ; design requirements (basic functional design, support component design, percussion component design, coordination between support and percussion functions, and overall structural design) .Conclusions:Understanding the design requirements of NICU nurses for a back patting and sputum drainage nursing robot provides valuable insights for developing a safe, scientific, reasonable, and effective robotic system.

Primary hyperaldosteronism(PHA),the most common cause of secondary hypertension,can lead to cardiovascular and renal damage events.Early diagnosis and accurate typing of PHA is crucial to the choice of treatment options,and its diagnostic modalities usually include prone test screening,captopril test characterization and adrenal vein blood sampling for localization and typing diagnosis.However,with the development of imaging,molecular biology and morphology technologies,the use of nuclear medicine PET-CT,genetic testing and pathological diagnostic methods can also be used to accurately typify PHA.New technologies such as adrenal artery embolization and adrenal radiofrequency ablation are also increasingly being used in the treatment of PHA,which have the advantages of shorter and less costly surgery,fewer postoperative complications,and quicker recovery.This article provides a review of the developments in the screening,diagnosis and treatment of PHA with a view to informing clinical practice.