Sonodynamic therapy（SDT）has garnered significant attention in cancer treatment modalities due to its superior tissue penetration capabilities，non-invasive approach，and controllability. SDT operates by utilizing sonosensitizers and ultrasound-responsive devices to induce the production of reactive oxygen species（ROS）under ultrasound stimulation，thereby eliciting immunogenic cell death（ICD）in tumor cells and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns，which in turn trigger an immune response against the tumor.However，the tumor microenvironment often results in a relatively weak immune response post-cancer treatment. To address this issue，extensive research is being conducted on combining SDT with immunotherapy，particularly focusing on immune checkpoint blockade（ICB）therapies. This review synthesizes the mechanisms of SDT，its integration with immunotherapy，especially ICB therapies，and the current state of research，with the objective of providing strategic guidance for the advancement of sonodynamic immunotherapy.

Although tumor immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment，its efficacy against solid tumors remains limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment，inefficient drug delivery，and off-target toxicity. Engineered bacterial therapy has recently attracted considerable interest as a promising therapeutic strategy owing to its capacity for selective tumor colonization and immunomodulation. Meanwhile，ultrasound technology provides a non-invasive，spatially precise，and real-time controllable means to improve the performance and applicability of bacterial-mediated therapies. This review summarizes recent advances in ultrasound-regulated bacterial therapy for cancer immunotherapy. Beginning with an examination of the mechanisms through which engineered bacteria modulate antitumor immunity，it is followed by an elucidation of how ultrasound technology exploits its biological effects and spatiotemporal control capabilities to simultaneously enhance bacterial therapy's safety/efficacy and enable tumor treatment visualization，thereby activating systemic immune responses. Finally，current challenges and future directions for clinical translation are critically discussed. In conclusion，ultrasound-regulated bacterial therapy represents an emerging interdisciplinary approach with the potential to overcome key limitations in solid tumor immunotherapy.

Sonodynamic therapy（SDT）has garnered significant attention in cancer treatment modalities due to its superior tissue penetration capabilities，non-invasive approach，and controllability. SDT operates by utilizing sonosensitizers and ultrasound-responsive devices to induce the production of reactive oxygen species（ROS）under ultrasound stimulation，thereby eliciting immunogenic cell death（ICD）in tumor cells and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns，which in turn trigger an immune response against the tumor.However，the tumor microenvironment often results in a relatively weak immune response post-cancer treatment. To address this issue，extensive research is being conducted on combining SDT with immunotherapy，particularly focusing on immune checkpoint blockade（ICB）therapies. This review synthesizes the mechanisms of SDT，its integration with immunotherapy，especially ICB therapies，and the current state of research，with the objective of providing strategic guidance for the advancement of sonodynamic immunotherapy.

Although tumor immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment，its efficacy against solid tumors remains limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment，inefficient drug delivery，and off-target toxicity. Engineered bacterial therapy has recently attracted considerable interest as a promising therapeutic strategy owing to its capacity for selective tumor colonization and immunomodulation. Meanwhile，ultrasound technology provides a non-invasive，spatially precise，and real-time controllable means to improve the performance and applicability of bacterial-mediated therapies. This review summarizes recent advances in ultrasound-regulated bacterial therapy for cancer immunotherapy. Beginning with an examination of the mechanisms through which engineered bacteria modulate antitumor immunity，it is followed by an elucidation of how ultrasound technology exploits its biological effects and spatiotemporal control capabilities to simultaneously enhance bacterial therapy's safety/efficacy and enable tumor treatment visualization，thereby activating systemic immune responses. Finally，current challenges and future directions for clinical translation are critically discussed. In conclusion，ultrasound-regulated bacterial therapy represents an emerging interdisciplinary approach with the potential to overcome key limitations in solid tumor immunotherapy.

Objective:To compare the values of medical image technologies in evaluating the tansperineal laser ablation (TPLA) in canine prostate.Methods:TPLA (3 W/600 J and 3 W/1 200 J) were operated in the prostate of six adult male beagles guided by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). TRUS, transrectal contrast-enhanced ultrasound (TR-CEUS) and multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) were used to evaluate the ablation on the day of TPLA, one week and one month after TPLA. The animals were sacrificed for pathology to calculate the volume of the ablation. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:TRUS could be used to guide and observe the puncture and ablation process during TPLA. TR-CEUS and contrast enhanced MRI showed good consistency in the volume of ablation ( P>0.05). One month after TPLA, the ablation volume were (1.69±0.51)ml vs (1.73±0.36)ml vs (1.52±0.41)ml (3 W/600 J) and (2.23±0.54)ml vs (2.34±0.29)ml vs (2.19±0.34)ml (3 W/1 200 J) measured by the two medical image technologies and pathology, with good consistency ( P>0.05). Conclusions:TRUS can be used to guide and observe the puncture and ablation process during TPLA. TR-CEUS and mpMRI can be used for postoperative evaluation and follow-up of TPLA. The former has advantages of real-time and low price, which can be promoted and applied in clinical practice.

Objective:To prepare ultrasound-responsive nanodroplets with block polymer PEG-PCL as shell and perfluoropentane (PFP) as core, and study the effects of mechanical index (MI) on contrast-enhanced imaging properties of nanodroplet.Methods:PEG-PCL micelles were first prepared by dialysis, and then the micelles were mixed with PFP for emulsification to obtain nanodroplets. The particle size and zeta potential of nanodroplets were measured, and the morphology of nanodroplets were observed using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The stability of nanodroplets after storage at 25 ℃ and 37 ℃ was investigated. The phase transition and contrast-enhanced imaging of nanodroplets in vitro under a series of mechanical index (MI) were studied using an ultrasound diagnostic instrument.Results:The particle size of the nanodroplets was (356.6±5.6)nm, and the zeta potential was -(7.30±0.14)mV. The nanodroplets were close to spherical under TEM and had a clear core-shell structure. The particle size and dispersion of the nanodroplets increased after storage at 37 ℃ and 25 ℃. For imaging in vitro, no acoustic signal were observed at 25 ℃ when the MI varied from 0.08 to 1.0. At 37 ℃, acoustic signals were observed when MI≥0.4, and the intensity was stronger for higher MIs.Conclusions:The contrast-enhanced imaging of nanodroplets are closely related to the MI, and a higher MI could induce the phase transition of more nanodroplets and produce stronger contrast enhancement. This study could provide basis for the application of polymeric nanodroplets in ultrasound diagnosis and targeted therapy.

Objective To investigate the clinical application value of longitudinal peak strain( LPS ) and peak strain dispersion ( PSD ) in evaluating left ventricular systolic function and synchrony in patients with essential hypertension . Methods Fifty‐five patients with essential hypertension were enrolled , including 30 patients with non‐left ventricular hypertrophy ( NLV H ) , 25 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy ( LV H ) , at the same time , 30 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group . Echocardiography was performed in all three groups ,and two‐dimensional dynamic images of the left ventricular apical four‐chamber ,three‐chamber ,and two‐chamber′s long‐axis view s were collected for three consecutive cardiac cycles . T he myocardial layer‐specific strain was used to measure the LPS of the left ventricular myocardium of subendocardium ,the middle layer ,the subepicardium ,and the myocardial strain and the PSD of the w hole myocardial layers . Correlation analysis and ROC curve analysis were performed . Results T he LPS in the control group ,NLV H group and LV H group were decreased in turn from inner to out myocardial layers . Compared with the control group , the LPS in the subendocardial , middle , subepicardial ,and w hole myocardial layer of NLV H group were decreased ( P ＜ 0 .05 ) , and the subepicardial myocardial LPS was slightly lower than that in the control group ,the difference was not statistically significant ( P ＞ 0 .05 ) . T he LPS in the subendocardial , middle , subepicardial ,and whole myocardial layer of LV H group were all reduced ( P＜0 .05) . Between the NLV H group and LV H group , the declines of the LPS in the subendocardial and middle layer in the LV H group were statistically significant ( P ＜0 .05) ,the LPS in the subepicardial layer and the w hole myocardial layer had no significant difference ( P ＞0 .05) . Compared with the control group ,the PSD of the NLVH group and the LVH group increased ( P ＜ 0 .05 ) . Compared with the NLV H group ,the PSD of the LV H group increased ( P ＜0 .05) . Inter‐ventricular septum thickness ( IVSd) and the LPS in the subendocardial ,middle ,subepicardial , and w hole myocardial layer were negatively correlated ( r ＝ －0 .537 ,－0 .518 ,－0 .266 ,－0 .471 ; all P ＜0 .05) , left ventricle posterior wall thickness ( LVPWd ) and the LPS in the subendocardial , middle , subepicardial ,and whole myocardial layer were negatively correlated ( r ＝ －0 .539 , －0 .524 , －0 .283 ,－0 .478 ;all P ＜0 .05) . T he area under the ROC curve ( AUC) of the LPS in the subendocardial ,middle , subepicardial ,and w hole myocardial layer and PSD for the diagnosis of hypertension were 0 .685 ,0 .652 , 0 .510 ,0 .623 ,0 .995 ,respectively . T he cut‐off values were －21 .70% ,－18 .90% ,－16 .95% ,－19 .45% , 46 .50 ms , and the sensitivities were 94 .4% , 83 .3% , 77 .8% , 94 .4% , 100% , respectively , and the specificities were 47 .8% ,52 .2% ,39 .1% ,39 .1% ,95 .7% ,respectively . Conclusions T he layer‐specific strain can quantitatively evaluate myocardial longitudinal strain in patients with essential hypertension , provide a non‐invasive test for early diagnosis of hypertensive heart disease ,and the evaluation of left ventricular myocardial stratification . PSD for evaluating primary synchronous changes in left ventricular myocardial contraction in patients with hypertension has certain advantages .

DNA damage response (DDR) is essential for maintaining genome stability and protecting cells from tumorigenesis. Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifications play an important role in DDR, from signaling DNA damage to mediating DNA repair. In this report, we found that the E3 ligase ring finger protein 126 (RNF126) was recruited to UV laser micro-irradiation-induced stripes in a RNF8-dependent manner. RNF126 directly interacted with and ubiquitinated another E3 ligase, RNF168. Overexpression of wild type RNF126, but not catalytically-inactive mutant RNF126 (CC229/232AA), diminished ubiquitination of H2A histone family member X (H2AX), and subsequent bleomycin-induced focus formation of total ubiquitin FK2, TP53-binding protein 1 (53BP1), and receptor-associated protein 80 (RAP80). Interestingly, both RNF126 overexpression and RNF126 downregulation compromised homologous recombination (HR)-mediated repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Taken together, our findings demonstrate that RNF126 negatively regulates RNF168 function in DDR and its appropriate cellular expression levels are essential for HR-mediated DSB repair.
Carrier Proteins ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Repair ; genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Genomic Instability ; HeLa Cells ; Histones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1 ; metabolism ; Ubiquitin ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ubiquitination

Objective: To quantitatively evaluate the variation of preoperative and postoperative structure and function of mitral valve after mitral valve annuloplasty(MVP) for mitral valve prolapse by real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography(RT-3D TEE). Methods: Thirty patients with mitral valve prolapse for MVP were studied, the minimum area of the three-dimensional view of the annulus(A3Dmin), three dimensional circumference(C3D), anterolateal-to-posteromedial diameter(DAlPm), anterior-to-posteior diameter(DAP), height (H), the ratio of annulus height to anterolated-to-posteromedial diameter(H/DAlPm), aorto-mitral angle(θ), the ellipticity of the the anterior-to-posterior diameter and anterolateal-to-posteromedial diameter of the annulus(E2D), the three-dimensional exposed area of the leaflet(A3DE), prolapse height(HProl), prolapse volume(VProl), non-planarity angle(θNPA) were evaluated by RT-3D TEE before and after operation. Coaptation area(CoapA), coaptation index(CPI), annulus systolic function index were calculated. Results: Compared with the preoperation, A3Dmin, C3D, DAlPm, DAP, H, H/DAlPm, A3DE, HProl, VProl, θNPA of postoperative were reduced, E2D, CoapA, CPI, annulus systolic function index of the postoperation increased, the difference of above parameters were statistically significant (P<0.05). CPI and annulus systolic function index were negatively correlated with the area of valve regurgitation area before and aftere operation (r=-0.79, P<0.01; r=-0.67, P<0.01). Furthermore, CPI was closely correlated with annulus systolic function index (r=0.63, P<0.01). Conclusions After MPV, mitral valve three-dimensional structural parameters are significantly changed, CPI and annulus systolic function are improved. CPI is closely correlated with annulus systolic function, and RT-3D TEE can quantitatively evaluate the structure and function of mitral valve before and after MPV.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy ofXing Nao Kai Qiao(brain-awakening orifice-opening) needling method plus Frenkel's balance rehabilitation exercise in treating lower-limb dysfunction due to different types of ataxia after stroke.MethodA total of 115 eligible patients were randomized into two groups. Fifty-seven cases in the treatment group were intervened by Xing Nao Kai Qiaoneedling plus rehabilitation training; 58 cases in the control group were intervened byXing Nao Kai Qiaoneedling method alone. Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was adopted to evaluate the symptoms, balance function, and therapeutic efficacy before and after the treatment.Result In the treatment group, the markedly effective rate was respectively 72.2%, 83.3% and 61.1% in the cerebella subtype, brainstem subtype and basal ganglia subtype, and the total effectiverate was respectively 100.0%, 94.4% and 94.4%; in the control group, the markedly effective rate was respectively 21.1%, 35.0% and 58.8%, and the total effective rate was respectively 94.7%, 85.0% and 82.4%, and the between-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After the treatment, the BBS score showed significant intra-group differences in both groups (P<0.01); the between-group comparisons showed that there were significant differences in comparing the scores of cerebella and brainstem subtypes after the treatment (P<0.05).ConclusionXing Nao Kai Qiaoneedling method plus Frenkel's rehabilitation exercise can effectively improve the symptoms of poststroke lower-limb ataxia, especially for cerebella and brainstem subtypes.