Objective To explore the role of β-1,3-galactosyltransferase 2(B3galt2)in mice with cerebral ischemic injury.Methods Adult male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the sham,suture-occluded middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)model,MCAO model+lentiviral vector control(LV-GFP),and MCAO model+lentiviral vector overexpression B3galt2(LV-B3galt2)groups,with six mice in each group.Neurological deficit scoring and rotating rod experiments were performed 24 h after ischemia in each group,and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining was used to determine the infarction volume.The number of neurons in the ischemic cerebral cortex was determined in each group using Nissl staining.The levels of oxidative stress-related factors in the brain tissues were detected using the relevant kits.Results Compared with the sham group,the MCAO model group showed increased infarct volume and neurological deficits(P<0.05),significantly decreased number of neurons in the ischemic cerebral cortex and levels of super-oxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH)(all P<0.05),and significantly increased levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and malondialdehyde(MDA)(all P<0.05).Compared with the MCAO model group,the LV-B3galt2 group had reduced volume of cerebral infarction,significantly improved neurological deficits(all P<0.05),significantly increased number of neurons in the ischemic cerebral cortex of mice,significantly decreased levels of ROS and MDA(P<0.05),and significantly elevated levels of SOD and GSH(all P<0.05).Conclusion B3galt2 overexpression can reduce brain injury in an ischemic damage mouse model,and its mechanism may be through the inhibition of oxidative stress reactions.

Humans ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Motor Cortex ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective:To investigate the effect of obesity on vascular anatomy and post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS), and to inform the choice of treatment options for obese patients.Methods:Patients who underwent CAS in the Stroke Center of First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between January 1st, 2020 and December 31st, 2022 were collected, and their medical records and digital subtraction angiography images were collected. All patients were divided into obese group and non-obese group based on the body mass index at admission. Vascular anatomy and the incidence of peri-operative adverse outcomes were compared between the two groups. The three-step regression method was used to further explore the role of vascular anatomy in the correlation between obesity and peri-operative adverse outcomes in CAS.Results:A total of 298 patients were included. The Buffalo Risk Assessment Scale index was higher for the obese group, and high-risk vascular anatomy was more common in the obese group( P<0.05). The incidence of peri-operative stroke in the obese group was higher than that in the non-obese group (18.5% vs. 5.2%, P=0.007). The mediation analysis suggested the full mediation effect of high-risk vascular anatomy on obesity to influence the incidence of peri-operative stroke after CAS. Conclusion:Obesity increases the risk of post-operative adverse outcomes via inducing the development of complex vascular anatomy.

At present, interdisciplinary integration has become a major feature of the development of science and technology, and multi-disciplinary integration will gradually become the norm. Professional and technological multi-disciplinary integration has unpredictable potential, which will produce new disciplinary frontiers, new fields of science and technology and new patterns of innovation. Organ donation is a new discipline in China's new era. Constructing and promoting an organ donation disciplinary system with the overall goal of safeguarding legal and reasonable rights and interests of donors and their families and the health rights and interests of the recipients are in line with the fundamental requirements of maintaining high-quality development of organ donation and transplantation in China. Meantime, organ donation is a complex medical and social behavior, and organs donated by citizens belong to national resources, which also endows organ donation with a social welfare attribute and relevance with all parties in society. In this article, the essence of current problems encountered during organ donation in China, the whole process of organ donation and theoretical knowledge, professional skills and personnel support required by donors in different clinical stages were analyzed to illustrate the necessity and feasibility of establishing an organ donation disciplinary system based on multi-disciplinary integration. Besides, how to integrate organ donation disciplinary construction into the national policy was also investigated. Taking safeguarding the rights and interests of donors, family members and recipients as the core and taking organ donation and transplantation as the main line, cooperative principles of co-creation, co-construction, mutual promotion, sharing and win-win should be upheld, aiming to promote multi-disciplinary integration and comprehensive talent cultivation of organ donation, jointly enhance the recognition rate and donation rate of organ donation, and make organ donation widely recognized by citizens from all walks of life.

The potential medicinal value of Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus), one of the most popular and economically important bamboo species in China, has been underestimated. In the present study, we found that D. latiflorus leaf extract (DLE) reduced fasting blood glucose levels, body weight, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with low liver toxicity in db/db mice. In addition, gene expression profiling was performed and pathway enrichment analysis showed that DLE affected metabolic pathways. Importantly, DLE activated the AKT signaling pathway and reduced glucose production by downregulating glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) expression. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis identified rutin as an active component in DLE through targeting insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), an upstream signaling transducer of AKT. Due to its hypoglycemic effects and low toxicity, DLE may be considered an adjuvant treatment option for type 2 diabetes patients.

Stroke has become the leading cause of death and disability in Chinese adults, of which about 70% are ischemic stroke. Previous studies have shown that early enteral nutrition can improve the clinical outcomes of patients with acute stroke. This article reviews the impact of the timing and pathway of enteral nutrition on the clinical outcomes of the patients with acute stroke, in order to provide basis for clinical practice.

The secondary prevention of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) is still mainly antiplatelet therapy, but the recurrence rate of stroke in this patient population is still very high. This article reviews the potential etiology of ESUS, its potential embolic mechanisms, and secondary prevention of ESUS.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:Patients with AIS received intravenous thrombolysis using standard dose alteplase in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2014 to December 2019 were enrolled retrospectively. Head CT scan was performed within 24 h after thrombolytic therapy to identify the occurrence of HT. The demographic and baseline clinical data were compared between the HT group and the non-HT group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between LDL-C and HT after thrombolysis. Results:A total of 323 patients with AIS who received intravenous thrombolytic therapy were enrolled, their age was 65±12 years (range, 54-78 years), and 219 were males (67.8%). The median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 4 (interquartile range, 3-9). Ninety one patients (28.17%) developed HT, of which 8 (2.48%) had symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in LDL-C, age, baseline NIHSS score, baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure, baseline fibrin degradation products, and the proportion of patients with atrial fibrillation and stroke etiology between the HT group and the non-HT group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lower LDL-C (odds ratio [ OR] 0.531, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 0.358-0.788; P=0.002), higher baseline NIHSS score ( OR 1.063, 95% CI 1.010-1.120; P=0.020) and higher baseline systolic blood pressure ( OR 1.015, 95 CI 1.004-1.026; P=0.008) were the independent risk factors for HT after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with AIS. Conclusions:Low LDL-C is an independent risk factor for HT in patients with AIS after intravenous thrombolysis. The patients with lower LDL-C should be cautious in lipid-lowering therapy and be alert to the occurrence of HT.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between altered levels of neurotransmitters in the frontal lobe and hippocampus and behavioral abnormalities in a Clock variant mice modeling bipolar disorder manic disorder. METHODS: Open field test and Elevated plus-maze test were carried out on the Clock mutant and wild-type control groups. The frontal lobe and hippocampus of Clock mutant mice and controls were dissected, and neurotransmitters in tissue extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The concentration of neurotransmitters and behavioral indicators were assessed by t test and Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS 22.0. RESULTS: The Clock mutant mice showed a significant increase in activity, albeit with no difference in the level of anxiety from the wild-type controls, which suggested that the Clock mutant mice can be used as a model for manic attack of bipolar disorder. Altered neurotransmitter levels were detected in the frontal and hippocampal regions, including elevated histamine in the left hippocampus, reduced histamine in the right hippocampus, reduced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in bilateral hippocampus, elevated dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in the left frontal lobe and reduced DOPA in the right hippocampus, and decreased glutamine in bilateral frontal lobes. The reduced glutamine in the left frontal lobe and GABA in the right hippocampus correlated with the increased activity of Clock mutant mice. CONCLUSION Clock mutant mice showed abnormal behavior with increased activity. Reduced glutamine in the left frontal lobe and GABA in the right hippocampus were correlated with increased activity.