Osteoporosis is a prevalent skeletal condition characterized by reduced bone mass and strength, leading to increased fragility. Buqi-Tongluo (BQTL) decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has yet to be fully evaluated for its potential in treating bone diseases such as osteoporosis. To investigate the mechanism by which BQTL decoction inhibits osteoclast differentiation in vitro and validate these findings through in vivo experiments. We employed MTS assays to assess the potential proliferative or toxic effects of BQTL on bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) at various concentrations. TRAcP experiments were conducted to examine BQTL's impact on osteoclast differentiation. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses were utilized to evaluate the relative expression levels of osteoclast-specific genes and proteins under BQTL stimulation. Finally, in vivo experiments were performed using an osteoporosis model to further validate the in vitro findings. This study revealed that BQTL suppressed receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast resorption activity in vitro in a dose-dependent manner without observable cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effects of BQTL on osteoclast formation and function were attributed to the downregulation of NFATc1 and c-fos activity, primarily through attenuation of the MAPK, NF-κB, and Calcineurin signaling pathways. BQTL's inhibitory capacity was further examined in vivo using an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model, demonstrating a strong protective effect against bone loss. BQTL may serve as an effective therapeutic TCM for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and the alleviation of bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency and related conditions.
Animals ; NFATC Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Ovariectomy ; Osteoclasts/metabolism* ; Female ; Osteogenesis/drug effects* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; NF-kappa B/genetics* ; Osteoporosis/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Bone Resorption/genetics* ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects* ; Humans ; RANK Ligand/metabolism* ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics* ; Transcription Factors

OBJECTIVE: To review and summarize the research progress on repairing segmental bone defects using three-dimensional (3D)-printed bone scaffolds combined with vascularized tissue flaps in recent years. METHODS: Relevant literature was reviewed to summarize the application of 3D printing technology in artificial bone scaffolds made from different biomaterials, as well as methods for repairing segmental bone defects by combining these scaffolds with various vascularized tissue flaps. RESULTS: The combination of 3D-printed artificial bone scaffolds with different vascularized tissue flaps has provided new strategies for repairing segmental bone defects. 3D-printed artificial bone scaffolds include 3D-printed polymer scaffolds, bio-ceramic scaffolds, and metal scaffolds. When these scaffolds of different materials are combined with vascularized tissue flaps ( e.g., omental flaps, fascial flaps, periosteal flaps, muscular flaps, and bone flaps), they provide blood supply to the inorganic artificial bone scaffolds. After implantation into the defect site, the scaffolds not only achieve structural filling and mechanical support for the bone defect area, but also promote osteogenesis and vascular regeneration. Additionally, the mechanical properties, porous structure, and biocompatibility of the 3D-printed scaffold materials are key factors influencing their osteogenic efficiency. Furthermore, loading the scaffolds with active components such as osteogenic cells and growth factors can synergistically enhance bone defect healing and vascularization processes. CONCLUSION The repair of segmental bone defects using 3D-printed artificial bone scaffolds combined with vascularized tissue flap transplantation integrates material science technologies with surgical therapeutic approaches, which will significantly improve the clinical treatment outcomes of segmental bone defect repair.
Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Humans ; Surgical Flaps/blood supply* ; Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Bone and Bones/surgery* ; Biocompatible Materials ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Transplantation/methods* ; Bone Substitutes ; Osteogenesis

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the biomechanical research progress on different fixation methods in medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) and provide references for selecting appropriate fixation methods in clinical applications of MOWHTO for treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: Recent domestic and international literature on the biomechanical studies of MOWHTO fixation methods was reviewed to analyze the characteristics and biomechanical performance of various fixation techniques. RESULTS: The medial-specific osteotomy plate system has become the mainstream due to its high stiffness and stability, but issues such as soft tissue irritation and stress shielding remain. The use of filler blocks significantly enhances fixation stability and promotes bone healing when the osteotomy gap is large, reducing axial displacement by 73%-76% and decreasing plate stress by 90%. Auxiliary screws improve axial and torsional stability, particularly in cases with large correction angles, effectively preventing lateral hinge fractures. Alternative fixation methods like external fixators hold unique clinical value by minimizing soft tissue irritation and allowing postoperative adjustment. CONCLUSION There is currently no unified standard for selecting MOWHTO fixation methods. Clinical decisions should comprehensively consider factors such as bone quality, correction angle, and postoperative rehabilitation needs.
Humans ; Osteotomy/instrumentation* ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Tibia/surgery* ; Bone Plates ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/surgery* ; Bone Screws ; External Fixators ; Knee Joint/surgery*

Objective To explore the roles of the mechanoreceptor Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1)and piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2(PIEZO2)in mechanotransduction in mouse bladder urothelial cells.Methods Mouse bladder urothelial cells were subjected to mechanical stretching using the FX-6000T cell stretching system and treated with the YAP1-specific inhibitor verteporfin(VP).The expressions of PIEZO2,YAP1 and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)at the mRNA and protein levels,as well as changes in cellular adenosine triphosphatase(ATP)concentration,were detected using reverse transcription quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting(WB).Results After stretching stimulation,under the fluorescence microscope,it was observed that the diameter length of the stretched cells were longer than that before stretching,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The expressions of YAP1,PIEZO2 and CTGF at the mRNA and protein levels were increased in the stretched group compared to those of the non-stretched group(P＜0.05).VP effectively reduced the expressions of YAP1,PIEZO2 and CTGF at the mRNA and protein levels after stretching stimulation(P＜0.05).Stretching stimulation significantly increased the intracellular ATP concentration,while VP was able to inhibit the increase in ATP concentration,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.000 1).Conclusion Stretching stimulation increased the expressions of YAP1 and PIEZO2 in bladder urothelial cells and promoted the release of ATP;verteporfin inhibited the increase in YAP1 activity and the overexpression of PIEZO2 caused by stretching,thereby reducing the release of ATP.It is suggested that mouse bladder urothelial cells may primarily sense mechanical signals through the YAP1-PIEZO2-ATP pathway.

Objective To explore the roles of the mechanoreceptor Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1)and piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2(PIEZO2)in mechanotransduction in mouse bladder urothelial cells.Methods Mouse bladder urothelial cells were subjected to mechanical stretching using the FX-6000T cell stretching system and treated with the YAP1-specific inhibitor verteporfin(VP).The expressions of PIEZO2,YAP1 and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)at the mRNA and protein levels,as well as changes in cellular adenosine triphosphatase(ATP)concentration,were detected using reverse transcription quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting(WB).Results After stretching stimulation,under the fluorescence microscope,it was observed that the diameter length of the stretched cells were longer than that before stretching,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The expressions of YAP1,PIEZO2 and CTGF at the mRNA and protein levels were increased in the stretched group compared to those of the non-stretched group(P＜0.05).VP effectively reduced the expressions of YAP1,PIEZO2 and CTGF at the mRNA and protein levels after stretching stimulation(P＜0.05).Stretching stimulation significantly increased the intracellular ATP concentration,while VP was able to inhibit the increase in ATP concentration,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.000 1).Conclusion Stretching stimulation increased the expressions of YAP1 and PIEZO2 in bladder urothelial cells and promoted the release of ATP;verteporfin inhibited the increase in YAP1 activity and the overexpression of PIEZO2 caused by stretching,thereby reducing the release of ATP.It is suggested that mouse bladder urothelial cells may primarily sense mechanical signals through the YAP1-PIEZO2-ATP pathway.

Objective:To investigate the clinical application of multi-oil fat emulsion (SMOF) in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).Methods:Preterm infants with NEC admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in our hospital between January 2017 and December 2022 were retrospectively included. According to the type of fat emulsion used, they were divided into SMOF group and medium and long chain triglycerides (MCT/LCT) group. The data of two groups were compared and analyzed.Results:A total of 69 preterm infants were included, 34 in the SMOF group and 35 in the MCT/LCT group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the levels of total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, direct bilirubin, bile acid and γ-glutamyl transferase ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the C reactive protein level, procalcitonin level, and the time to normal C reactive protein ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in incidence of complications between the two groups, including parenteral nutrition-related cholestasis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and brain injury ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with MCT/LCT, the application of SMOF did not show significant effect on liver function, inflammation, or incidence of complications (parenteral nutrition-related cholestasis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity) in preterm infants with NEC. Multi-center studies with larger sample size are needed for further investigation.

Objective:To explore the effects of different courses of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on the clinical efficacy, neurological function, and negative emotions of patients with spinal cord injury.Methods:The clinical data of 126 patients with spinal cord injury treated in the Department of Orthopedics of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Naval Medical University and the Department of Orthopedics of Shanghai Kaiyuan Orthopedic Hospital from January 2017 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether or not the patients received HBO therapy after surgery and different courses of HBO therapy, the patients who did not receive HBO therapy were taken into the control group ( n=32), the patients who received 1-2 courses of HBO therapy were taken into the observation group A ( n=32), the patients who received 3-4 courses of treatment were taken into the observation group B ( n=31), and the patients who received 5-6 courses of treatment were taken into the observation group C ( n=31). All patients were evaluated by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale, functional independence measure (FIM), zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) before and after treatment to assess the clinical efficacy. Results:After treatment, the scores of ASIA pin prick and light touch sensation in four groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment ( P<0.05), the improvements of observation group A, B, and C were better than those of the control group, and the improvements of observation group B and C were better than those of the observation group A ( P<0.05). After treatment, ASIA motor scores and FIM scores of the four groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After treatment, ASIA motor scores and FIM scores of observation group A, B, and C were higher than those of the control group, and the improvements of observation group B and C were better than those of the observation group A, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). After treatment, SAS scores and SDS scores of the four groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The scores of SAS and SDS in the observation group A, B, and C after treatment were lower than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Hyperbaric oxygen can effectively alleviate the spinal cord injury symptoms of patients, improve their neurological function, and reduce their negative emotions, and can exert better therapeutic effect after 3-4 treatment courses or more.

Objective:To explore the effects of different courses of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on the clinical efficacy, neurological function, and negative emotions of patients with spinal cord injury.Methods:The clinical data of 126 patients with spinal cord injury treated in the Department of Orthopedics of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Naval Medical University and the Department of Orthopedics of Shanghai Kaiyuan Orthopedic Hospital from January 2017 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether or not the patients received HBO therapy after surgery and different courses of HBO therapy, the patients who did not receive HBO therapy were taken into the control group ( n=32), the patients who received 1-2 courses of HBO therapy were taken into the observation group A ( n=32), the patients who received 3-4 courses of treatment were taken into the observation group B ( n=31), and the patients who received 5-6 courses of treatment were taken into the observation group C ( n=31). All patients were evaluated by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale, functional independence measure (FIM), zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) before and after treatment to assess the clinical efficacy. Results:After treatment, the scores of ASIA pin prick and light touch sensation in four groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment ( P<0.05), the improvements of observation group A, B, and C were better than those of the control group, and the improvements of observation group B and C were better than those of the observation group A ( P<0.05). After treatment, ASIA motor scores and FIM scores of the four groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After treatment, ASIA motor scores and FIM scores of observation group A, B, and C were higher than those of the control group, and the improvements of observation group B and C were better than those of the observation group A, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). After treatment, SAS scores and SDS scores of the four groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The scores of SAS and SDS in the observation group A, B, and C after treatment were lower than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Hyperbaric oxygen can effectively alleviate the spinal cord injury symptoms of patients, improve their neurological function, and reduce their negative emotions, and can exert better therapeutic effect after 3-4 treatment courses or more.

This paper presents a three-dimensional electronic laparoscopy system, including three-dimensional laparoscope pipe and medical video system. The three-dimensional laparoscope pipe adopts a dual-optical structure, which can collect three-dimensional information of the surgical region. By selecting a reasonable initial structure, the MTF curve of the objective lens is close to the diffraction limit, and the distortion is less than 25%. The medical video system also achieved high-definition image with 1 080 P, 30 Hz by GPU. At the mean time, the three-dimensional electronic laparoscope has achieved quantitative production and has been tested in a number of animals, which has broad application prospects and significant clinical application value.
Electronics, Medical ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Laparoscopes ; Laparoscopy

Objective To establish a method of analyzing total uranium and 235U/238U ratio in urine using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and uncertainty assessment.Methods Urine sample was digested with HNO3 and H2O2,and total uranium was determined using ICP-MS method directly.The digested urine sample was separated to concentrate uranium with tributyl phosphate (TBP) column,and 235U/238U ratio was analyzed using ICP-MS.The uncertainty was evaluated through sample pre-treatment,measurement and standard curve calculation.Results The recovery of total uranium in urine was 98.4％-102.4％,detection limit was 0.002 μg/L.The relative expanded uncertainty of total uranium concentration in urine was 0.26 (k =2).235 U/238 U ratio was 0.001 1 (k =2).Conclusions This study offers a low detection limit,good recovery and precision method for rapid determination of total uranium and 235U/238 U ratio in urine samples.It is potential used for both in occupational exposure assessment and nuclear emergency situation.The uncertainty evaluation of total uranium and 235U/238U ratio in urine are reliable.