Objectives: . The prognostic value of the pretreatment albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) in head and neck cancer (HNC) remains uncertain. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the predictive role of AAPR for survival outcomes in patients with HNC. Methods: . A comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to July 30, 2024. We included studies on AAPR and survival outcomes in HNC patients. Results: . Eight studies comprising 1,737 HNC patients were analyzed using random-effects models. Lower AAPR values were significantly correlated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.08), progression-free survival (HR, 2.00), and disease-free survival (HR, 2.18). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these results, with no significant publication bias detected. Conclusion . Our findings suggest that pretreatment AAPR could serve as a valuable and cost-effective prognostic indicator in HNC, potentially aiding clinicians in risk stratification and treatment decision-making. However, additional validation studies are warranted to confirm its clinical applicability.

Protein acylation is a group of recently identified chemical modification closely linked to me-tabolism with the metabolic intermediate acyl-coenzyme A(acyl-coA)as the substrate.Acylation posses-ses similar chemical structures to acetylation,with differences in carbon chain length,hydrophobicity,and charge.Most acyl-CoAs are intermediate metabolites,the level of which are influenced by the intra-cellular metabolic state.Therefore,protein acylation is greatly affected by cellular metabolism.Metabolic reprogramming is an important feature of tumor cells.In addition to the classic"Warburg effect",cancer cells exhibit abnormal regulation in lipid metabolism,amino acid metabolism and biological oxidation.Acylation on histones can impact chromatin structure,regulating gene expression and DNA repair critical-ly involved in cancer progression.On the other hand,acylation on non-histones can regulate signal trans-duction,enzymatic activity,or protein-protein interactions to affect cancer cell behaviors such as prolifer-ation,invasion,immune evasion,and vascular remodeling.Focusing on three types of acylation closely related to metabolism:lactylation,succinylation,and crotonylation,this article introduces the produc-tion,raw materials,regulatory mechanism and factors of protein acylation.We then review representative studies to show how cancer cell metabolic reprogramming can regulate these processes and histone/non-histone acylation levels,which subsequently affect the expression and function metabolism-related genes/proteins to form a bidirectional dialogue and accelerate cancer progression.In addition,we present sever-al prospects for potential research directions and translational applications in the field.

Background Accurate T-staging is critical for esophageal cancer therapy,but CT-based assessment has significant limitations.Large vision models(LVMs)hold promise,yet their zero-shot clinical diagnostic capability without fine-tuning remains unvalidated.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the chest CT images from 98 esophageal cancer patients and 50 normal controls.Using radiologist-consensus as the gold standard,the zero-shot T-staging performance of 3 LVMs(GPT-5,Gemini,and MedGemma)was evaluated with prompts of varying complexity.Results GPT-5 exhibited the highest accuracy and stability.Significant biases were observed among models:Gemini tended to over-stage,while MedGemma showed a tendency to under-stage.All models faced challenges in identifying early-stage tumors,but structured prompts improved diagnostic performance for mid-to-late stage lesions.Conclusion LVMs have potential for zero-shot T-staging,but their performance highly depends on model choice and prompt design.The generic model GPT-5 show superior zero-shot generalization.However,current model performance is not yet clinically viable,especially for early diagnosis.Future work should focus on fine-tuning with high-quality clinical data and developing standardized prompt frameworks.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of crisaborole ointment 2% versus pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children aged 2 years or older.Methods:A multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 120 pediatric patients aged 2 - 17 years with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis were enrolled from departments of dermatology of 8 hospitals in China between March 2022 and February 2023. The participants were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to the crisaborole group and the pimecrolimus group, and received the treatment with crisaborole ointment 2% and pimecrolimus cream 1% respectively, twice a day for 4 weeks. Visits were scheduled at baseline/on day 1, as well as on days 8, 15, and 29. The primary efficacy outcome was the percentage of patients achieving the Investigator's Static Global Assessment (ISGA) success (defined as clear [0] or almost clear [1] on the ISGA scale, combined with ≥ 2‐grade improvement from baseline) on day 29. The secondary efficacy outcomes included changes in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) total scores from baseline to day 29, percentages of patients achieving ISGA improvement (defined as clear [0] or almost clear [1] on the ISGA scale), as well as changes in the Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) /Infants' Dermatology Life Quality Index (IDLQI) /Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) scores, and in the Dermatitis Family Impact (DFI) scores. Drug safety was evaluated according to the incidence of adverse events. Categorical data were compared using the chi-square test. Since measurement data did not follow a normal distribution, the rank sum test was used for comparisons of measurement data between groups.Results:A total of 106 children with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis were included in the per-protocol analysis set, with 52 in the crisaborole group (26 males and 26 females) and 54 in the pimecrolimus group (27 males and 27 females). There were no significant differences in age, disease duration, ISGA and EASI scores at baseline between the two groups (all P > 0.05). On day 29, 22 patients (42.31%) in the crisaborole group and 25 (46.30%) in the pimecrolimus group achieved ISGA success, with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 0.17, P = 0.68) ; 35 patients (67.31%) in the crisaborole group and 45 (83.33%) in the pimecrolimus group achieved ISGA improvement, also with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 3.68, P = 0.06) ; additionally, there were no significant differences in the EASI, pruritus NRS, DLQI/IDLQI/CDLQI, or DFI scores between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Adverse reactions to the two topical agents were mainly local reactions such as mild to moderate pain, itching, or worsening of itching, and no obvious systemic adverse reactions occurred. The incidence of drug-related adverse reactions was 46.15% (24 cases) in the crisaborole group and 37.04% (20 cases) in the pimecrolimus group, with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 0.91, P = 0.34) . Conclusion:The efficacy of crisaborole ointment 2% was comparable to that of pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children aged ≥ 2 years, and it yielded early and rapid improvement in the quality of life of patients and their families, with good safety and tolerability profiles.

Osteoarthritis(OA)is a common joint disease in clinical practice,and cartilage damage is a typical pathological change.The pathogenesis of OA is complex,and various adverse factors can lead to the occurrence of OA.Mitochondria are im-portant organelles within cells and play important roles in cellular physiological and pathological activ-ities.Mitochondrial quality control is an important regulatory mechanism in the body to maintain nor-mal mitochondrial structure and function,mainly including mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial dynamics,mitochondrial autophagy,mitochondrial oxidative stress,and other forms.The imbalance of mitochondrial quality control in chondrocytes is closely related to the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis,and regulating the balance of mi-tochondrial quality control is a potential therapeu-tic point for osteoarthritis.The author reviewed rel-evant research literature in recent years to provide a review of the relationship between mitochondrial quality control and the occurrence and develop-ment of osteoarthritis,in order to provide new ideas and directions for the research and diagnosis and treatment strategies of osteoarthritis.

Objective:To observe the intervention effect of personalized nutrition program combined with rehabilitation training in stroke rehabilitation patients.Methods:86 stroke rehabilitation patients who were admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were prospectively selected,they were divided into control group and study group according to the random number table method,with 43 cases in each group,the control group received rehabilitation training,while the study group received personalized nutrition program combine with rehabilitation training.Simple Fugl Meyer motor function(FMA)score,immune function indicators[immunoglobulin(Ig)A,IgG,complement C3,IgM,complement C4],National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),nutritional status indicators[albumin(ALB),prealbumin(PA),total protein(TP),hemoglobin(HB)],Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale(SS-QOL),Barthel Index(BI)score were compared between the two groups.Results:NIHSS score in the study group at 8 weeks after intervention was lower than that in the control group,and SS-QOL score,BI score,FMA score,IgM,IgA,IgG,complement C3,complement C4,ALB,HB,TP and PA were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Personalized nutrition program combined with rehabilitation training in stroke rehabilitation patients,can reduce neurological damage,improve limb motor function,enhance nutritional status,immunity,and quality of life.

Objective·To investigate the spatial epigenetic characteristics of spontaneous colon tumors in Apcmin/+mice.Methods·A spatial assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing(ATAC-seq)technology platform was established using an eight-month-old male Apcmin/+mouse model with spontaneous colon tumors.One tumor from a mouse was harvested and embedded in OCT compound for serial cryosectioning;one tissue section was stained with hematoxylin-eosin(H-E)to observe its histological characteristics,while an adjacent section was processed using spatial ATAC-seq technology to generate spatially resolved DNA libraries,followed by sequencing to obtain spatial chromatin accessibility data.Another tumor from the same mouse was digested into a single-cell suspension,in which viable single cells were sorted by flow cytometry and processed for single-cell RNA sequencing.The results were integrated with spatial chromatin accessibility data to jointly analyze the epigenetic characteristics of the colon tumor microenvironment.Results·A stable spatial ATAC-seq platform was successfully established,dividing the tumor into malignant,non-malignant,and malignant-non-malignant boundary regions.Transcription factors enriched in malignant regions included NK2 homeobox 5(NKX2-5)and transcription factor 3(TCF3).Analysis of transcription factor enrichment in the 3 regions revealed two distinct expression trends:one showing a gradual decrease from malignant to boundary to non-malignant regions,and the other exhibiting high expression in malignant and boundary regions but low expression in non-malignant regions.Gene analysis across regions revealed significant upregulation of hypoxia response,transforming growth factor(TGF),and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(KRAS)signaling pathways in malignant regions,with cell cycle-related functions markedly enhanced.Analysis of cell-cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment revealed significant differences in interaction strength:strong interactions within non-malignant regions,moderate interactions between boundary and non-malignant regions,and weak interactions between malignant and boundary regions as well as between malignant and non-malignant regions.Conclusion·Colon tumors in Apcmin/+mice exhibit high spatial heterogeneity;malignant regions were enriched with transcription factors including TCF3,and cell interactions between malignant regions and boundary/non-malignant regions were relatively weak.

Cochlear implantation is the most effective method to restore hearing in patients with severe and profound hearing impairment.There are individual differences in rehabilitation after cochlear implantation.In order to better understand the underlying factors of rehabilitation,machine learning has been gradually applied to the reha-bilitation prediction of cochlear implant patients.Since related literature is still in its infancy,many problems still remain unresolved,such as insufficient sample size and lack of diversification of data features.We suggest that fu-ture research may expand the sample size,optimize machine learning models,and fully explore the predictive factors affecting the rehabilitation of cochlear implantation,and make machine learning a better tool in the area of cochlear implantation.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of crisaborole ointment 2% versus pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children aged 2 years or older.Methods:A multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 120 pediatric patients aged 2 - 17 years with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis were enrolled from departments of dermatology of 8 hospitals in China between March 2022 and February 2023. The participants were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio to the crisaborole group and the pimecrolimus group, and received the treatment with crisaborole ointment 2% and pimecrolimus cream 1% respectively, twice a day for 4 weeks. Visits were scheduled at baseline/on day 1, as well as on days 8, 15, and 29. The primary efficacy outcome was the percentage of patients achieving the Investigator's Static Global Assessment (ISGA) success (defined as clear [0] or almost clear [1] on the ISGA scale, combined with ≥ 2‐grade improvement from baseline) on day 29. The secondary efficacy outcomes included changes in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) total scores from baseline to day 29, percentages of patients achieving ISGA improvement (defined as clear [0] or almost clear [1] on the ISGA scale), as well as changes in the Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) /Infants' Dermatology Life Quality Index (IDLQI) /Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) scores, and in the Dermatitis Family Impact (DFI) scores. Drug safety was evaluated according to the incidence of adverse events. Categorical data were compared using the chi-square test. Since measurement data did not follow a normal distribution, the rank sum test was used for comparisons of measurement data between groups.Results:A total of 106 children with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis were included in the per-protocol analysis set, with 52 in the crisaborole group (26 males and 26 females) and 54 in the pimecrolimus group (27 males and 27 females). There were no significant differences in age, disease duration, ISGA and EASI scores at baseline between the two groups (all P > 0.05). On day 29, 22 patients (42.31%) in the crisaborole group and 25 (46.30%) in the pimecrolimus group achieved ISGA success, with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 0.17, P = 0.68) ; 35 patients (67.31%) in the crisaborole group and 45 (83.33%) in the pimecrolimus group achieved ISGA improvement, also with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 3.68, P = 0.06) ; additionally, there were no significant differences in the EASI, pruritus NRS, DLQI/IDLQI/CDLQI, or DFI scores between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Adverse reactions to the two topical agents were mainly local reactions such as mild to moderate pain, itching, or worsening of itching, and no obvious systemic adverse reactions occurred. The incidence of drug-related adverse reactions was 46.15% (24 cases) in the crisaborole group and 37.04% (20 cases) in the pimecrolimus group, with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 0.91, P = 0.34) . Conclusion:The efficacy of crisaborole ointment 2% was comparable to that of pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children aged ≥ 2 years, and it yielded early and rapid improvement in the quality of life of patients and their families, with good safety and tolerability profiles.

Objective: To investigate the survival rate of female breast cancer patients in Panyu District, Guangzhou City, so as to provide the basis for improving the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Methods: Basic information including age, clinical stage and surgical treatment of female breast cancer patients registered in Panyu District and diagnosed in 2017 were collected through the Guangzhou Municipal Cancer Registration and Reporting Management System, and were followed up until December 31, 2022. The survival rate was calculated using the life table. Factors affecting survival time among female breast cancer patients were analyzed using a multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: A total of 227 female breast cancer patients were reported in Panyu District in 2017, and had a median age of 51 (interquartile range, 17) years. There were 43 cases (18.94%) in stage Ⅰ, 55 cases (24.23%) in stage Ⅱ, 63 cases (27.75%) in stage Ⅲ, 27 cases (11.89%) in stage Ⅳ, and 39 cases (17.18%) with unknown staging. Surgical treatment was performed in 204 cases (89.87%), and chemotherapy was administered in 73 cases (32.16%). By December 31, 2022, there were 40 deaths and 14 patients lost to follow-up. The one-year, three-year and five-year survival rates were 96.44%, 87.45% and 82.87%, respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that older age (HR=1.023, 95%CI: 1.002-1.046), clinical stage Ⅲ (HR=10.050, 95%CI: 1.324-76.270) or IV (HR=42.663, 95%CI: 5.588-325.742) were associated with a higher risk of mortality in female breast cancer patients, while surgical treatment (HR=0.278, 95%CI: 0.130-0.598) was associated with a lower risk of mortality. Conclusions The five-year survival rate of female breast cancer patients in Panyu District was 82.87%. Age, clinical stage and surgical treatment were the main influencing factors for the survival time of female breast cancer patients.