BACKGROUND:Sarcopenia is an age-related systemic skeletal muscle disease,which is associated with a variety of adverse outcomes such as falls,functional decline,frailty,and death.Postmenopausal women are one of the high-risk groups for sarcopenia.OBJECTIVE:To develop a predictive model for assessing the risk of sarcopenia in Chinese postmenopausal women based on high-quality database.METHODS:Data for this study were derived from 2 370 postmenopausal women from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),and sarcopenia was assessed using the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia 2019(AWGS2019)recommended metrics.The study cohort was randomized into a training set(70％)and a validation set(30％).Risk factors for sarcopenia in postmenopausal women were screened using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,ten-fold cross-validation,and logistic regression.Nomogram predicting the risk of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women was constructed based on the risk factors,and the model efficacy was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve(AUC),calibration curve,and decision curve analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The prevalence of sarcopenia in this study was 23.50％and age,place of residence,sleep quality,cognitive function,depression,and the number of chronic diseases were selected as predictors of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women.The nomogram model showed good discrimination between the training and validation sets,with an AUC value of 0.751(95％confidence interval=0.724-0.778,P＜0.001),a specificity of 72.2％,and a sensitivity of 63.2％in the training set,and an AUC value of 0.763(95％confidence interval=0.721-0.805,P＜0.001),with a specificity of 69.6％and a sensitivity of 70.8％.The calibration curve showed a relatively significant agreement between the nomogram model and the actual observations,and the decision curve analysis demonstrated broad and good clinical utility.To conclude,the nomogram to assess the risk of sarcopenia constructed based on age,place of residence,sleep quality,cognitive function,depression,and number of chronic diseases,provides an effective tool for identifying and eliminating risk factors for sarcopenia in Chinese postmenopausal women,and helps to reduce the incidence of sarcopenia.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of pharmaceutical services guided by root cause analysis （RCA） in a problem-oriented manner combined with knowledge-attitude-practice （KAP） theory on reducing the incidence of protocol violations of investigational medicinal products in pediatric clinical trials. METHODS A total of 617 participants from 69 drug clinical trial projects conducted in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were selected as the control group， and 868 participants from 72 drug clinical trial projects from January 2022 to December 2025 as the observation group. RCA was performed on the protocol violations of investigational medicinal product in the control group to identify the types and underlying causes. The control group received routine pharmaceutical services for drug clinical trials， while the observation group was provided with precision pharmaceutical services from the three dimensions of knowledge， attitude and practice on the basis of routine pharmaceutical services， according to the root causes identified by RCA. The occurrence of investigational medicinal products protocol violations was compared between the two groups. RESULTS The total incidence of protocol violations of investigational medicinal products， as well as the incidences of minor and major protocol violations， were all significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group （ P ＜0.001）. The main types of protocol violations in both groups included missed/under-/over-dosing of medications， non-adherence to administration time， failure to adjust dosage as required， and combined medication/vaccination in violation of the protocol. Regarding the responsible subjects of protocol violations， the incidences of protocol violations attributed to participants and their guardians as well as investigators and accidental factors were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group （ P ＜0.001， P ＜0.001， P ＝0.025）. However， there were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of protocol violations caused by sponsor-related reasons between the two groups （ P ＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Pharmaceutical services led by pharmacists， based on problem-oriented RCA and combined with KAP theory， can effectively reduce the protocol violations of investigational medicinal products rate in pediatric clinical trials， thereby safeguarding the safety and rights of study participants.

BACKGROUND:Sarcopenia is an age-related systemic skeletal muscle disease,which is associated with a variety of adverse outcomes such as falls,functional decline,frailty,and death.Postmenopausal women are one of the high-risk groups for sarcopenia.OBJECTIVE:To develop a predictive model for assessing the risk of sarcopenia in Chinese postmenopausal women based on high-quality database.METHODS:Data for this study were derived from 2 370 postmenopausal women from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),and sarcopenia was assessed using the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia 2019(AWGS2019)recommended metrics.The study cohort was randomized into a training set(70％)and a validation set(30％).Risk factors for sarcopenia in postmenopausal women were screened using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,ten-fold cross-validation,and logistic regression.Nomogram predicting the risk of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women was constructed based on the risk factors,and the model efficacy was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve(AUC),calibration curve,and decision curve analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The prevalence of sarcopenia in this study was 23.50％and age,place of residence,sleep quality,cognitive function,depression,and the number of chronic diseases were selected as predictors of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women.The nomogram model showed good discrimination between the training and validation sets,with an AUC value of 0.751(95％confidence interval=0.724-0.778,P＜0.001),a specificity of 72.2％,and a sensitivity of 63.2％in the training set,and an AUC value of 0.763(95％confidence interval=0.721-0.805,P＜0.001),with a specificity of 69.6％and a sensitivity of 70.8％.The calibration curve showed a relatively significant agreement between the nomogram model and the actual observations,and the decision curve analysis demonstrated broad and good clinical utility.To conclude,the nomogram to assess the risk of sarcopenia constructed based on age,place of residence,sleep quality,cognitive function,depression,and number of chronic diseases,provides an effective tool for identifying and eliminating risk factors for sarcopenia in Chinese postmenopausal women,and helps to reduce the incidence of sarcopenia.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and possible mechanism of Wei's Huoxue Tongluo Formula （韦氏活血通络方，WHTF） in treating atrophic-stage non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy （NAION） with qi deficiency and blood stasis. MethodsA total of 82 atrophic-stage NAION patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group， with 41 cases in each group. The treatment group was given oral administration of WHTF twice a day plus acupoint injection of distilled water 2 ml at Taiyang （EX-HN5） once daily， while the control group received injection of compound anisodine injection 2 ml at Taiyang （EX-HN5） once daily and oral administration of WHTF placebo twice a day. Both groups received treatment for a course of 14 days. The best-corrected visual acuity （BCVA）， optic disc perfusion density （PD）， flux index （FI）， macular superficial PD， vascular density （VD）， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores were compared between groups before treatment and on day 7 and day 14 of treatment. Additionally， mean defect （MD） and mean sensitivity （MS） of visual fields were measured before treatment and on day 14， along with safety evaluation. ResultsAfter treatment， both groups showed significant improvement in BCVA， visual field MD and MS， and TCM syndrome scores （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. On day 14 of treatment， the TCM syndrome score in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P＜0.05）. There was no significant improvement in optic disc PD and FI， and macular superficial PD and VD after treatment in either group （P＞0.05） except that on day 7 the macular superficial foveal PD in the control group was significantly better than that in the treatment group （P＜0.05）. During the treatment period， no serious adverse events occurred in either group. ConclusionWHTF can improve the visual function indicators including visual acuity and visual field， as well as TCM syndrome scores in atrophic-stage NAION patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis. It shows clinical safety， although it does not appear to have a significant effect on optic disc or macular blood flow.

ObjectiveTo explore the inhibitory effect and related molecular mechanisms of Saponin of Schizocapsa plantaginea HanceⅠ （SSPHⅠ） on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma HONE-1 cells. MethodsThe effect of SSPHⅠ on HONE-1 cell viability was detected using the CCK-8 assay. Its inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was evaluated through a colony formation assay. Changes in cell invasion ability were analyzed using the Transwell assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels were measured using the DHE fluorescent probe. The extent of intracellular content release was reflected by the LDH release assay. The rate of cell pyroptosis was detected using the Annexin-V/PI double staining method. Changes in the expression of proteins related to the classical pyroptosis pathway were examined by Western Blot. ResultsCCK-8 assay showed that treatment with SSPHⅠ for 24 hours reduced HONE-1 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner， with an IC50 value of 3.383 μmol/L. In the colony formation assay， the number of HONE-1 cell colonies gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of SSPHⅠ （P<0.01）. The Transwell assay revealed that the number of cells migrating through the chamber was reduced following SSPHⅠ treatment （P<0.01）. DHE fluorescence probe detection indicated that intracellular ROS fluorescence intensity increased after SSPHⅠ treatment （P<0.001）. The LDH release assay showed that LDH activity in the cell supernatant increased with higher concentrations of SSPHⅠ （P<0.001）. Annexin-V/PI double staining demonstrated that the proportion of Annexin-V/PI-positive cells increased after SSPHⅠ treatment （P<0.001）. Western blot analysis showed that， compared with the control group， the protein expression levels of cleaved-Caspase-1 and GSDMD-N-terminal were upregulated in SSPHⅠ-treated cells （P<0.05）， and NLRP3 protein expression levels also increased （P<0.05）. ELISA results showed that the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the cells increased with higher concentrations of SSPHⅠ （P<0.05）. ConclusionSSPHⅠ can induce pyroptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma HONE-1 cells by regulating the ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling axis， thereby exerting an anti-nasopharyngeal carcinoma effect. This suggests that SSPHⅠ may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background As one of the primary operational methods in the power grid industry, the insulated glove working method imposes significant physical demands due to the constraints of insulating equipment and specific required postures, resulting in substantial occupational health hazards among workers in this sector, which have garnered widespread social attention. Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in the neck, shoulder, and lumbar regions among workers wearing insulated gloves, and to provide targeted measures to reduce occupational hazards. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling, 1079 frontline workers were randomly selected from power supply enterprises across 3 provinces in China. The revised Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the 1-year prevalence of WMSDs in the neck, shoulder, and lumbar regions among workers wearing insulated gloves, and to collect factors associated with multi-site WMSDs (defined as involvement of ≥2 sites among the neck, shoulder, and lumbar). Results The 1-year prevalence of WMSDs in the neck, shoulder, and lumbar regions was 39.9%, 30.0%, and 25.3%, respectively, with a multi-site WMSDs prevalence of 32.0%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that, compared to workers with technical secondary school education or senior high school education and below, workers with junior college education or bachelor’s degrees and above had a higher risk of multi-site WMSDs (OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.47, 3.06). Compared to workers with <10 years of work experience, those with 10-<20 years of work experience had a higher risk of multi-site WMSDs (OR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.45, 2.67). Working in uncomfortable postures "sometimes" (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.14, 2.36), "frequently" (OR=2.75, 95%CI: 1.76, 4.29), and "very frequently" (OR=3.55, 95%CI: 2.04, 6.19) were significantly associated with an increased risk of multi-site WMSDs compared to never working in such postures. Frequent repetitive movements of the low back (OR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.48, 2.84) increased the risk of multi-site WMSDs, while sufficient rest time decreased the risk (OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.34, 0.61). Conclusion The prevalences of single-site and multi-site WMSDs in the neck, shoulder, lumbar regions are relatively high among workers wearing insulated gloves. Factors associated with multi-site WMSDs include 10-<20 years of work experience, junior college education or bachelor’s degrees and above, uncomfortable working postures, frequent repetitive low-back movements, and lack of sufficient rest time.

Background As one of the primary operational methods in the power grid industry, the insulated glove working method imposes significant physical demands due to the constraints of insulating equipment and specific required postures, resulting in substantial occupational health hazards among workers in this sector, which have garnered widespread social attention. Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in the neck, shoulder, and lumbar regions among workers wearing insulated gloves, and to provide targeted measures to reduce occupational hazards. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling, 1079 frontline workers were randomly selected from power supply enterprises across 3 provinces in China. The revised Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the 1-year prevalence of WMSDs in the neck, shoulder, and lumbar regions among workers wearing insulated gloves, and to collect factors associated with multi-site WMSDs (defined as involvement of ≥2 sites among the neck, shoulder, and lumbar). Results The 1-year prevalence of WMSDs in the neck, shoulder, and lumbar regions was 39.9%, 30.0%, and 25.3%, respectively, with a multi-site WMSDs prevalence of 32.0%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that, compared to workers with technical secondary school education or senior high school education and below, workers with junior college education or bachelor’s degrees and above had a higher risk of multi-site WMSDs (OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.47, 3.06). Compared to workers with <10 years of work experience, those with 10-<20 years of work experience had a higher risk of multi-site WMSDs (OR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.45, 2.67). Working in uncomfortable postures "sometimes" (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.14, 2.36), "frequently" (OR=2.75, 95%CI: 1.76, 4.29), and "very frequently" (OR=3.55, 95%CI: 2.04, 6.19) were significantly associated with an increased risk of multi-site WMSDs compared to never working in such postures. Frequent repetitive movements of the low back (OR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.48, 2.84) increased the risk of multi-site WMSDs, while sufficient rest time decreased the risk (OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.34, 0.61). Conclusion The prevalences of single-site and multi-site WMSDs in the neck, shoulder, lumbar regions are relatively high among workers wearing insulated gloves. Factors associated with multi-site WMSDs include 10-<20 years of work experience, junior college education or bachelor’s degrees and above, uncomfortable working postures, frequent repetitive low-back movements, and lack of sufficient rest time.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical significance of the three-dimensional acetabular oval fossa-guided positioning technique in acetabular prosthesis placement during total hip arthroplasty(THA).Methods Sixty patients with femoral neck fractures who underwent primary THA were randomly divided into two groups(n=30 per group).The observation group received acetabular component placement guided by a three-dimensional positioning technique based on preoperative acetabular angle measurements and pelvic model reconstruction using CT data.During surgery,placement was performed according to the preoperative plan,using anatomical landmarks including the acetabular fossa,transverse acetabular incision,and transverse acetabular ligament.The control group underwent conventional freehand acetabular component placement.The two groups were compared in terms of surgical parameters(operation time,intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency,blood loss),postoperative deviations in acetabular component angles(abduction and anteversion angles),Harris hip score(HHS),visual analog scale(VAS)for pain,and dislocation rate.Results Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups.The observation group exhibited a slightly longer operation time and significantly greater blood loss compared to the control group,with no significant difference in fluoroscopy frequency.Postoperative radiographic measurements showed that deviations in both the abduction and anteversion angles of the acetabular component were significantly smaller in the observation group than in the control group.At one month postoperatively,the HHS was significantly higher and the VAS score was significantly lower in the observation group.However,no significant differences in functional or pain scores were found between the two groups at three and six months postoperatively.No dislocations were observed in the observation group,whereas one dislocation occurred in the control group.Conclusions The three-dimensional acetabulum oval fossa-guided positioning technique,which integrates anatomical landmarks with individualized preoperative planning,enables precise quantitative measurement and significantly enhances the accuracy of acetabular component placement angles in THA.This improvement contributes to faster postoperative functional recovery and leads to favorable clinical outcomes,demonstrating strong practical application value.

Objective To explore the risk prediction value of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(Gd-EOB-MRI)liver imaging reporting and data system version 2018(LI-RADS v2018)with contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)LI-RADS version 2017(LI-RADS v2017)in high-risk patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods The clinical and imaging data of 122 high-risk patients for HCC(with a total of 134 liver lesions)who underwent both Gd-EOB-MRI and CEUS examination at the same time and obtained pathological results within one month were retrospectively col-lected.The nodules were classified according to the CT/MRI LI-RADS v2018 and CEUS LI-RADS v2017 criteria,and the LI-RADS classification results of the two imaging methods were subjected to Cohen's Kappa test.Using pathological results as the gold stand-ard,the diagnostic efficacy of LI-RADS v2018 and LI-RADS v2017 with LR-5 as the standard for HCC was calculated separately.Results The overall consistency between the Gd-EOB-MRI LI-RADS v2018 and CEUS LI-RADS v2017 classification standards was good(Kappa=0.691,P＜0.001).Using LR-5 as the standard for diagnosing HCC,the sensitivity of Gd-EOB-MRI and CEUS was 84.7％and 81.2％,the specificity was 79.6％and 73.5％,the positive predictive value was 87.8％and 84.1％,the negative predictive value was 75.0％and 69.2％,and the accuracy was 82.8％and 78.4％,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in the diagnostic efficacy of the diagnosis of HCC by LR-5 between the two imaging methods(P＞0.05).Conclusion The Gd-EOB-MRI LI-RADS v2018 and CEUS LI-RADS v2017 classifica-tion standards show good overall agreement.The diagnostic efficacy of Gd-EOB-MRI for HCC using LR-5 classification is better than that of CEUS.

The blood products industry,both domestically and internationally,exhibits distinct features in product research,development,and technological innovation.International companies possess extensive expertise in developing immunoglobulins,coagulation factors,and recombinant plasma protein products,demonstrating continuous advancements-particularly in specific immunoglobulin development,long-acting formulation optimization,and manufacturing process improvements.In recent years,Chinese enterprises have also achieved notable progress in related fields,especially in immunoglobulin process refinement and the development of novel recombinant coagulation factor products.However,there remains significant scope for improvement in areas such as the application of recombinant protein technologies,efficient utilization of plasma resources,and the adoption of advanced manufacturing techniques.Additional challenges include the accumulation of patented technologies,the supply of critical raw materials,and access to comprehensive epidemiological data.Driven by ongoing advances in gene recombination technologies,innovations in drug delivery systems,digital transformation,and the rise of personalized medicine,the blood products industry is poised for broader development prospects.To foster sustained and stable domestic industry growth and enhance global competitiveness,Chinese blood product enterprises should intensify their technological accumulation,upgrade manufacturing processes,and optimize plasma resource utilization.