Intermittent exotropia(IXT)is the most prevalent form of childhood strabismus, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 3.26% in the Chinese population. Although patients can intermittently maintain orthotropia, the deviation angle often fluctuates markedly, and frank exotropia may become evident during fatigue or lapses in attention. Without intervention, roughly 75% of cases progress over time. Management comprises surgical and non-surgical approaches. Surgery remains the most definitive treatment, however, the optimal timing is controversial, and postoperative outcomes may include under- or over-correction, necessitating additional procedures. Non-surgical options include observation, refractive correction, over-minus lens therapy, prisms, orthoptic exercises, and botulinum toxin-A injections. These modalities are particularly suitable for young, or uncooperative children, patients with small-angle, well-controlled deviations, or those seeking to defer surgery, in such cases, non-surgical treatment can maintain binocular alignment and preserve monocular function, thereby delaying or avoiding surgery. Because the efficacy of each non-surgical strategy varies, this review summarizes the current evidence on non-surgical treatment of IXT.

Chronic heart failure （CHF） is a complex clinical syndrome caused by ventricular dysfunction， with mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder being a critical factor in disease progression. Heart-Yang deficiency syndrome， as the core pathogenesis of CHF， persists throughout the disease course. Insufficiency of heart-Yang leads to weakened warming and propelling functions， resulting in the accumulation of phlegm-fluid， blood stasis， and dampness. This eventually causes Qi stagnation with phlegm obstruction and blood stasis with water retention， forming a vicious cycle that exacerbates disease progression. According to the theory of reinforcing Yang， the clinical experience of the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） master Tang Zuxuan in treating CHF with heart-Yang deficiency syndrome， and achievements from molecular biological studies， this study innovatively proposes an integrated research framework of "TCM syndrome differentiation and staging-mitochondrial metabolism mechanisms-intervention with Yang-reinforcing prescriptions" which is characterized by the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Heart-Yang deficiency syndrome is classified into mild （Stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ）， severe （Stage Ⅲ）， and critical （Stage Ⅳ） stages. The study elucidates the precise correlations between the pathogenesis of each stage and mitochondrial metabolism disorders from theoretical， pathophysiological， and therapeutic perspectives. The mild stage is characterized by impaired biogenesis and substrate-utilization imbalance， corresponding to heart-Yang deficiency and phlegm-fluid aggregation. Linggui Zhugantang and similar prescriptions can significantly improve the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1α（PGC-1α）/silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 （SIRT1） and ATPase activity. The severe stage centers on oxidative stress and structural damage， reflecting Yang deficiency with water overflow and phlegm-blood stasis intermingling. At this stage， Zhenwu Tang and Qiangxin Tang can effectively mitigate oxidative stress damage， increase adenosine triphosphate （ATP） content， and repair mitochondrial structure. The critical stage arises from calcium overload and mitochondrial disintegration， leading to the collapse of Yin-Yang equilibrium. At this stage， Yang-restoring and crisis-resolving prescriptions such as Fuling Sini Tang and Qili Qiangxin capsules can inhibit abnormal opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore （MPTP）， reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate， and protect mitochondrial function. By summarizing the characteristics of mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders at different stages of CHF， this study explores the application of the theory of reinforcing Yang in treating heart-Yang deficiency syndrome and provides new insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHF.

Chronic heart failure （CHF） is a group of complex clinical syndromes caused by abnormal changes in the structure and/or function of the heart due to various reasons， resulting in disorders of ventricular contraction and/or diastole. CHF is a condition where primary diseases such as coronary heart disease， hypertension and pulmonary heart disease recur frequently and persist for a long time， presenting blood stasis in meridians and collaterals， stagnation of water and dampness， and accumulation of Qi in collaterals. Its pathogenesis is complex and may involve myocardial energy metabolism disorders， oxidative stress responses， myocardial cell apoptosis， autophagy， inflammatory responses， etc. According to the theory of restraining hyperactivity to acquire harmony， we believe that under normal circumstances， the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK） signaling pathway functions normally， maintaining human physiological activities and energy metabolism. Under pathological conditions， the AMPK signaling pathway is abnormal， causing energy metabolism disorders， inflammatory responses， and myocardial fibrosis. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） can regulate the AMPK signaling pathway through multiple mechanisms， targets， and effects， effectively curbing the occurrence and development of CHF. It has gradually become a research hotspot in the prevention and treatment of this disease. Guided by the theory of TCM， our research group， through literature review， summarized the relationship between the AMPK pathway and CHF and reviewed the research progress in the prevention and control of CHF with TCM active ingredients， TCM compound prescriptions， and Chinese patent medicines via regulating the AMPK pathway. The review aims to clarify the mechanism and targets of TCM in the treatment of CHF by regulating the AMPK pathway and guide the clinical treatment and drug development for CHF.

Chronic heart failure （CHF） refers to a clinical syndrome in which the function or structure of the heart is changed due to damage to the original myocardium， resulting in reduced pumping and/or filling functions of the heart. In recent years， the mechanisms， pathways， and targets of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of CHF have been continuously confirmed， and the application of TCM theories in guiding the syndrome differentiation and precise treatment of CHF is currently a research hotspot. On the basis of the syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM， Professor LI Candong innovatively proposed the thinking of five differentiation： Disease differentiation， syndrome differentiation， pathogenesis differentiation， symptom differentiation， and individual differentiation. This article explores the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHF from this thinking， emphasizing comprehensive syndrome differentiation， objective analysis， dynamic assessment， and individualized treatment. In terms of diagnosis， the first is to identify the disease name， cause， location， severity， and type of CHF， determine the type and its evolution， and clarify the process of transmission and transformation between deficiency and excess. Secondly， it is necessary to distinguish the authenticity， severity， primary and secondary， urgency and complexity of CHF syndromes， providing scientific guidance for syndrome differentiation and treatment. Thirdly， according to the symptoms and the principles of deficiency and excess， the physician should identify the core pathogenesis of CHF from the perspectives of Qi， blood， Yin， Yang， deficiency， stasis， phlegm， water， and toxins. Fourthly， from the macro， meso and micro levels， the physician should carefully distinguish the presence or absence， severity， authenticity， and completeness of the symptoms to guide the diagnosis and treatment process of CHF. Finally， personalized medication for CHF should be promoted based on the patient's gender， age， constitution， and living habits. In terms of treatment， based on the thinking of five differentiation， we propose that the treatment of CHF should integrate the disease and syndrome， clarify the pathogenesis， and apply precise treatment. The treatment should be people-oriented， staged， and typed， and the medication should be adjusted according to symptoms. This diagnostic and therapeutic approach is based on the holistic concept and syndrome differentiation and treatment， and combines the three causes for appropriate treatment， providing new ideas and insights for the diagnosis and treatment of CHF.

ObjectiveTo examine the influences of Shenfu injection on the endogenous metabolic byproducts in the myocardium of the rat model exhibiting chronic heart failure， thus deciphering the therapeutic mechanism of the Qi-reinforcing and Yang-warming method. MethodsSD rats were randomly allocated into a control group and a modeling group. Chronic heart failure with heart-Yang deficiency syndrome in rats was modeled by multi-point subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol， and the rats were fed for 14 days after modeling. The successfully modeled rats were randomized into model， Shenfu injection （6.0 mL·kg^-1）， and trimetazidine （10 mg·kg^-1） groups and treated with corresponding agents for 15 days. The control group and the model group were injected with equal doses of normal saline， and the samples were collected after the intervention was completed. Cardiac color ultrasound was performed. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe histopathological morphology， and the serum level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mitochondrial morphological and structural changes of cardiomyocytes were observed by transmission electron microscopy， and the metabolic profiling was carried out by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quantitative exactive-mass spectrometry （UHPLC-QE-MS）. Differential metabolites were screened and identified by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） and other methods， and then the MetaboAnalyst database was used for further screening. The relevant biological pathways were obtained through pathway enrichment analysis. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was established to evaluate the diagnostic value of each potential biomarker for myocardial injury and the evaluation value for drug efficacy. ResultsThe results of color ultrasound showed that Shenfu Injection improved the cardiac function indexes of model rats （P<0.05）. The results of HE staining showed that Shenfu injection effectively alleviated the pathological phenomena such as myocardial tissue structure disorder and inflammatory cell infiltration in model rats. The results of ELISA showed that Shenfu injection effectively regulated the serum NT-proBNP level in the model rats. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） showed that Shenfu injection effectively restored the mitochondrial morphological structure. The results of metabolomics showed that the metabolic phenotypes of myocardial samples presented markedly differences between groups. Nine differential metabolites could be significantly reversed in the Shenfu injection group， involving three metabolic pathways： pyruvate metabolism， histidine metabolism， and citric acid cycle （TCA cycle）. The results of ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve （AUC） values of all metabolites were between 0.75 and 1.0， indicating that the differential metabolites had high diagnostic accuracy for myocardial injury， and the changes in their expression levels could be used as potential markers for efficacy evaluation. ConclusionShenfu injection significantly alleviated the damage of cardiac function， myocardium， and mitochondrial structure in the rat model of chronic heart failure with heart-Yang deficiency syndrome by ameliorating energy metabolism remodeling. Reinforcing Qi and warming Yang is a key method for treating chronic heart failure with heart-Yang deficiency syndrome.

ObjectiveTo conduct a theoretical study on the medical-rehabilitation integration. MethodsStarting from the background, objectives and content of the medical-rehabilitation integration, this study analyzed its innovative points from the dimensions of conceptual innovation, organizational innovation, model innovation and technological innovation. Results and ConclusionThe medical-rehabilitation integration is an innovation in medical services that takes conceptual innovation as the forerunner, organizational innovation as the foundation, model innovation as the carrier and technological innovation as the core.

BackgroundRumination can play a certain degree role of psychological adjustment in cancer patients. Previous studies have focused on studying the level of rumination in a single type of cancer patient， but there is a lack of comprehensive investigation and influencing factor research on rumination levels in different types of cancer patients. ObjectiveTo explore the level of rumination and its influencing factors among middle-advanced cancer inpatients， so as to provide certain guidance for targeted psychological care in clinical practice. MethodsFrom January 2021 to December 2022， a systematic sampling technique was used to recruit 346 patients with TNM stage III or above tumors hospitalized in Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital， Chengdu Sixth People's Hospital and the First People's Hospital of Yibin. All individuals were assessed using Perceived Social Support Scale （PSSS） and the Chinese version of Event-Related Ruminant Inventory （C-ERRI）， and Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify the influencing factors of rumination. ResultsIn terms of C-ERRI， patients scored （15.59±5.61） on intrusive rumination and （14.59±5.43） on deliberate rumination. Education levels of junior high school/high school/vocational training school （OR=0.817， P<0.01） and junior college and above （OR=0.579， P<0.05） were the protective factors of intrusive rumination， whereas annual personal incomes of <10 000 yuan （OR=4.918， P<0.01） or 10 000~50 000 yuan （OR=2.076， P<0.01） and low （OR=6.882， P<0.01） or middle （OR=3.114， P<0.01） level of social support were the risk factors of intrusive rumination. For deliberate rumination， education levels of junior high school/high school/vocational training school （OR=0.574， P<0.01） and junior college and above （OR=0.449， P<0.05） were the protective factors， and low （OR=1.391， P<0.01） or middle （OR=1.161， P<0.05） levels of social support were the risk factors. ConclusionThe level of intrusive rumination of inpatients with middle-advanced cancer is related to education level， economic status and social support， furthermore， the level of deliberate rumination is related to the educational level and social support. ［Funded by Medical Research Project of Chengdu Health Commission （ number， 2020119）］

Yttrium-90 microsphere selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT) has been widely used in the treatment of malignant liver cancers, and its safety and efficacy have been fully validated. As an important local therapeutic method, ⁹⁰Y-SIRT has been utilized for the treatment of multiple metastatic liver cancers in many cancer diagnosis and treatment centers at home and abroad, demonstrating significant therapeutic potential. This article reviews the basic principle, development history, indications and contraindications of ⁹⁰Y microsphere, as well as the specific applications in treatment of different types of metastatic liver cancers, aiming to provide references for further research and optimization of treatment strategies.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet β cells. Pancreatic islet transplantation provides a treatment method for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus to restore endogenous insulin secretion. However, some problems limit the widespread application of islet transplantation, such as the shortage of donors and post-transplantation rejection damage. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome (MSC-Exo) has become a potential tool for islet transplantation therapy due to their immunomodulatory and tissue repair capabilities. MSC-Exo shows great promise for application, because of low immunogenicity, easily being stored and transported, and the potential as drug delivery vehicles. However, challenges such as preparation, purification, standardization and safety verification need to be overcome before converting MSC-Exo into clinical practice. Therefore, this article reviews the application and potential advantages of MSC-Exo in islet transplantation, aiming to providing more effective and safer treatment options for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To determine the prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic targets of the lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), based on which to establish a prediction model for the survival of LUAD patients. Methods An integrative analysis was conducted on gene expression and clinicopathologic data of LUAD, which were obtained from the UCSC database. Subsequently, various methods, including screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), were employed to analyze the data. Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were used to establish an assessment model. Based on this model, we constructed a nomogram to predict the probable survival of LUAD patients at different time points (1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year). Finally, we evaluated the predictive ability of our model using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and time-dependent ROC curves. The validation group further verified the prognostic value of the model. Results The different-grade pathological subtypes' DEGs were mainly enriched in biological processes such as metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antigen processing and presentation, and regulation of enzyme activity, which were closely related to tumor development. Through Cox regression and LASSO regression, we constructed a reliable prediction model consisting of a five-gene panel (MELTF, MAGEA1, FGF19, DKK4, C14ORF105). The model demonstrated excellent specificity and sensitivity in ROC curves, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.675. The time-dependent ROC analysis revealed AUC values of 0.893, 0.713, and 0.632 for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival, respectively. The advantage of the model was also verified in the validation group. Additionally, we developed a nomogram that accurately predicted survival, as demonstrated by calibration curves and C-index. Conclusion We have developed a prognostic prediction model for LUAD consisting of five genes. This novel approach offers clinical practitioners a personalized tool for making informed decisions regarding the prognosis of their patients.