ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the mechanism by which Yishen Huoxue Tongqiao Formula improves metabolism-neuroplasticity and treats unilateral vestibular labyrinth destruction by regulating the metabolic balance of glutamate （Glu）/γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA）. Methods48 Sprague-Dawley （SD） adult rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group， model group， Yishen Huoxue Tongqiao Formula groups with low， medium， and high doses （9.20， 18.39， 36.78 g·kg^-1）， and betahistine group （1.62 mg·kg^-1）. A unilateral vestibular labyrinth destruction （vestibular dysfunction） model was established by intratympanic injection of chloroform into the right ear， while the control group received intratympanic injection of normal saline. Drugs were administered once daily for seven consecutive days. During the period， behavioral tests were performed to evaluate the behaviors of rats after unilateral vestibular labyrinth destruction. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Nissl staining were used to observe the neuronal morphology in the medial vestibular nucleus. Golgi staining was employed to assess the number of dendritic spines of neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-ESI-MS/MS） was utilized to detect Glu/GABA. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expressions of neuronal nuclei （NeuN）， growth-associated protein 43 （GAP-43）， and glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）. Western blot and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were applied to determine the expressions of glutamate-immunoreactive （Glu-IR）， GABA， GFAP， postsynaptic density protein 95 （PSD-95）， and GAP-43. ResultsCompared with the sham operation group， the model group presented with head deviation， balance disorder， increased tail suspension score， nuclear consolidation of medial vestibular nerve neurons， and decreased Nissl bodies （P<0.01）. The number of dendritic spines in neurons and NeuN-positive cells decreased. The content of Glu decreased. The content of GABA increased （Glu/GABA decreased）. The expression of GAP-43 was down-regulated， and GFAP was up-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expressions of Glu-IR， PSD-95， and GAP-43 proteins， as well as Glu-IR mRNA decreased， while the expressions of GABA and GFAP proteins and mRNA increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group， the head deviation， imbalanced behavior， and tail suspension scores in each treatment group decreased， with alleviated neuronal injury and recovered Nissl bodies （P<0.01）. The number of dendritic spines of neurons increased， and the number of NeuN-positive cells rebounded. The content of Glu increased， and the content of GABA decreased （Glu/GABA increased）. GFAP was down-regulated， and GAP-43 was up-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expressions of Glu-IR， PMD-95， and GAP-43 proteins， as well as Glu-IR mRNA increased， while the expressions of GABA and GFAP proteins and mRNA decreased. The effect was more significant in the high-dose group （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe Yishen Huoxue Tongqiao Formula can alleviate vestibular dysfunction， and its mechanism may be associated with regulating the metabolic balance of Glu/GABA， mitigating neural damage， improving synaptic plasticity （promoting GAP-43 expression and inhibiting GFAP expression）， and facilitating vestibular compensation.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of total glucosides of paeonia （TGP） in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE）. METHODS Randomized controlled trial （RCT） about TGP combined with western medicine versus western medicine alone for SLE treatment were retrieved from PubMed， Embase， Cochrane Library， Web of Science， CNKI， VIP， Wanfang Data， and CBM. The search period spanned from the inception of each database to June 1， 2025. After literature screening， data extraction， and quality assessment of the included studies， Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS Fifteen RCTs， involving 1 318 patients， were included. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with western medicine alone， TGP combined with western medicine significantly improved clinical efficacy [OR＝4.96， 95%CI（3.41， 7.23）， P＜0.000 01]， complement 3 [MD＝0.18， 95%CI （0.13， 0.23）， P＜0.000 01] and complement 4[MD＝0.08， 般021） 95%CI （0.04， 0.11）， P＜0.000 01]， and reduced the levels of immunoglobulin G （IgG） [MD＝－3.10， 95%CI （－3.59，－2.62）， P＜0.000 01]， IgA [MD＝－0.68， 95%CI （－0.78， －0.58）， P＜0.000 01]， IgM [MD＝－0.43， 95%CI （－0.53，－0.34）， P＜0.000 01]， systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index （SLEDAI） [MD＝－1.59， 95%CI （－2.20， －0.99）， P＜0.000 01]， recurrence rate [OR＝0.23， 95%CI （0.13， 0.42）， P＜0.000 01] and the incidence of adverse drug reactions [OR＝ 0.54， 95%CI （0.36， 0.82）， P＝0.004]. CONCLUSIONS TGP therapy can improve clinical efficacy of SLE patients， promote the restoration of immunoglobulins and complements， reduce SLEDAI and recurrence rate and has good safety.

ObjectiveTo explore the microbiological characteristics of Staphylococcus epidermidis with hemolytic phenotype （SEHP）. MethodsHemolytic phenotype was detected using the three-point inoculation method， involving a total of 5 strains of SEHP and 5 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis with non-hemolytic phenotype （SENHP） . Bacterial species were identified using the Microflex LT MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer， and a phylogenetic tree was constructed through 16S rRNA sequence alignment. Growth curves were monitored through the microcultivation assay. Biofilm formation ability was assessed by microplate crystal violet staining. Red blood cell toxicity was detected using the microplate method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of SEHP and SENHP against commonly used antibiotics was performed using a VITEK 2 GP639 test kit. Antagonistic effects of SEHP and SENHP against Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium striatum were evaluated by the Oxford cup inhibition assay. ResultsCompared with SENHP， SEHP exhibited a marked decrease in growth rate during the late logarithmic phase， accompanied by significant hemolytic toxicity. Additionally， it showed lower resistance rates to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin， and could antagonize Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium striatum. ConclusionThe microbiological characteristics of SEHP differ from those of SENHP in that SEHP demonstrates antagonistic effects against S. aureus and C. striatum.

Objective To longitudinally investigate the characteristics of postoperative weight changes in patients with esophageal cancer and analyze its influencing factors, which can provide certain guidance for nutritional intervention in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods Patients with esophageal cancer who underwent surgical treatment at the Sichuan Cancer Hospital from December 2020 to February 2022 were prospectively included. The general information questionnaire and body composition analyzer were used to longitudinally investigate the patients’ weight and body composition before surgery (T0), 1 month after surgery (T1), 3 months after surgery (T2) and 6 months after surgery (T3), and the change characteristics were analyzed. The generalized estimating equation was used to analyze the influencing factors for postoperative weight changes in patients with esophageal cancer. Results A total of 130 patients were enrolled, including 110 males and 20 females, aged 42-79 (63.33±8.16) years. The weight and body composition of patients with esophageal cancer showed a continuous slow downward trend within 6 months after surgery. The weight loss rate of patients at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery was 5.10%, 7.76%, and 9.86%, respectively. The analysis results of the influencing factors for postoperative weight showed that patients with the following characteristics had more weight loss: female (β=−7.703, P=0.001), ≥60 years (β=−3.657, P=0.010), smoking (β=4.622, P=0.010), low tumor differentiation degree (β=4.314, P=0.039), and high frequency of eating (β=−3.400, P=0.008). Conclusion Weight loss is an important health problem for patients with esophageal cancer after surgery, and patients have a continuous downward trend in weight within 6 months after surgery. Medical staff should pay special attention to the patients who are female, ≥60 years, having smoking history and low tumor differentiation degree.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common chronic respiratory disease around the world, and pharmacotherapy is the foremost treatment method currently. In recent decades, with the rapid development of bronchoscopic interventional therapy, endoscopic physical ablation technology presents a therapeutic effect in treating COPD, with few treatment-related side effects, showing excellent application prospects in treating COPD. Since ablation techniques in this field are emerging technologies with low patient acceptance, they are not widely used in the clinical treatment of COPD. This article reviews the development process of physical ablation techniques. Moreover, their current application status and the prospects in the field of COPD treatment are also summarized and analyzed. We hope to promote the application of physical ablation in the clinical treatment of COPD and provide practical references and a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of COPD.

Objective: To determine the causative agent, clinical manifestations and risk factors for infection during a September 2023 outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) in Pak Touch village, Ratanakiri province, Cambodia. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Cases were age-matched to controls (1:1), who were randomly selected from the village population. Twenty-one conjunctival samples were analysed using real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). RNA sequencing was additionally performed to identify the causative agent of the outbreak. Logistic regression models were used to identify significant risk factors. Results: A total of 73 cases and 73 controls were included in the analysis. Cases had a median age of 20 years (range: 1–70, mean and standard deviation: 27.7 ± 20.0), and 46.6% (34/73) were male. The overall attack rate was 12.3% (73 cases/594 residents). Clinical presentations included conjunctival hyperaemia (100%), subconjunctival haemorrhage (82.2%, 60), pain and discharge (64.4%, 47 each), eyelid swelling (57.5%, 42) and tearing (54.8%, 40). RT–PCR identified enterovirus in 52.4% (11/21) of conjunctival swabs, with RNA sequencing confirming the coxsackievirus A24 variant as the causative agent in five swabs. Statistical analysis identified significant risk factors, including physical contact with patients with acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.90–10.10), frequent eye rubbing (aOR: 4.56, 95% CI: 2.00–10.37) and poor hand hygiene (aOR: 3.70, 95% CI: 1.64–8.43). Discussion: The outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Pak Touch village was primarily caused by coxsackievirus A24. Significant risk factors included physical contact with infected individuals, frequent eye rubbing and poor hand hygiene. Effective hygiene measures are crucial to prevent the spread of AHC.

Based on advancements in modern medical research regarding the intricate connection between the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas， as well as the relationship between pancreatic functions and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） spleen system， this paper discussed the categorization of the pancreas. It is proposed that the pancreas is neither a true zang organ nor a fu organ， but possessed the attributes of an extraordinary fu-organ and can be classified under the spleen. The spleen governs transportation and transformation， ascent of the clear and dispersion of essence， which encompasses the endocrine and exocrine functions， and pancreatic enzymes and glucose-regulating hormones form the material basis for the spleen's function of dispersing essence. Diseases of the pancreas exhibit characteristics of both zang-organ deficiency and fu-organ excess， so treatment should simultaneously supplement zang-organ disease and regulate fu-organ disease when pancreas showing endocrine and exocrine co-morbidities， with focus on restoring the pancreas （spleen）'s dispersing essence function. Therapeutic strategies include supplementing spleen qi， nourishing spleen yin to strengthen spleen earth， unblocking spleen collaterals， raising spleen yang， and removing spleen turbidity to support the spleen's dispersing essence function， so as to replenish the essential qi of zang-fu organs， ensure their distribution throughout the body， and improve the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas.

Objective To establish a chronic rejection (CR) model of mouse heart transplantation and analyze its characteristics. Methods Allogeneic BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were used as donor and recipient for heart transplantation, and intraperitoneal injection of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4-immunoglobulin (CTLA4-Ig) was given 1 and 2 days after surgery. Graft survival time, donor specific antibody (DSA) level, graft pathology and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed. Results In allogeneic transplantation model, graft survival time was prolonged after CTLA4-Ig treatment [(28.2±4.1) d vs. (7.0±0.7) d, P < 0.01]. The level of serum DSA-IgG increased at 2, 3 and 4 weeks after surgery, while the level of DSA-IgM remained unchanged. Myocardial cell injury, inflammatory cell infiltration, interstitial fibrosis and C4d deposition in capillaries were aggravated 3 weeks after operation and worsened 4 weeks after operation. The infiltrated immune cells were mainly macrophages, T cells and plasma cells. Conclusions Mouse allogeneic heart transplantation combined with CTLA4-Ig successfully establishes a CR model, which provides a basis for subsequent studies on the pathogenesis and intervention of CR.

BACKGROUND:Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are the most common complication in patients with osteoporosis.As a new imaging technique,spine magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is much more sensitive than X-ray film in the diagnosis of osteoporotic vertebral fractures.However,total spine MRI is costly and takes a long time to scan.Therefore,there is no consensus on whether all patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures need to undergo total spine MRI scan and which patients need to undergo total spine MRI. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the distribution characteristics of vertebral fractures and explore their clinical significance by observing the whole spine MRI data of osteoporotic vertebral fractures patients. METHODS:Data of cases and MRI images of all patients diagnosed with fresh osteoporotic vertebral fractures who visited the Department of Orthopedics,Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from August 2018 to September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.903 patients were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.General information(age,gender,and body mass index),medical history characteristics(duration of illness,history of trauma surgery,percussion pain area,and pain score)were collected.The characteristics of vertebral fractures were analyzed through whole spine magnetic resonance imaging.Firstly,based on the number of vertebral fractures in patients,they were divided into the single vertebral fracture group(484 cases)and the multi-vertebral fracture group(419 cases),and the differences were analyzed between the two groups.Then,based on whether the farthest interval between the fractured vertebrae was greater than or equal to 5,the multi vertebral fracture group was further divided into two subgroups.Among them,Group A(the farthest interval between the fractured vertebrae was less than 5)contained 306 cases;Group B(with the farthest interval between fractured vertebral bodies greater than 5)included 113 cases.The differences were analyzed between two subgroups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Among 903 patients,419 patients(46.4%)had more than two fractured vertebrae.There were 654 patients(72.4%)with thoracolumbar fractures,and 54 patients(6%)with fractures in the thoracic plus lumbar region and the entire thoracic to lumbar region.In group B,96.5%of patients had multiregional percussion pain.(2)Compared with the patients in the single vertebral fracture group and the multi-vertebral fracture group,there were significant differences in bone mineral density,whether the medical history was greater than or equal to 1 month,the history of low energy injury,and the distribution and number of axial percussion pain areas in the spine during physical examination between the two groups(P<0.05).Age,gender,body mass index,whether there was underlying disease,pain visual analog scale score,whether there was a history of elderly thoracolumbar fracture,and whether there was a history of thoracolumbar surgery,and the number of fractured vertebrae had no statistical significance(P>0.05).(3)There were statistically significant differences between the Groups A and B in bone mineral density,the distribution and quantity of percussion pain area,and the history of low energy injury(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in age,gender,history of old fractures,visual analog scale score,body mass index,whether the medical history was longer than or equal to 1 month,history of underlying diseases,and history of thoracolumbar surgery between the two groups(P>0.05).(4)Patients with multiple low-energy trauma history,history of more than 1 month,multiple percussion pain,and the lower bone mineral density should be alert to the occurrence of multiple vertebral fracture and jump fracture.We recommend the whole spinal MRI for these patients.

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)has emerged as the leading cause of vision loss among working-age people in many countries under the increasing prevalence of diabetes and the longevity of the population. The pathogenesis of DR is complicated and has not been fully elucidated at present, while the treatment methods of DR have not been greatly improved, mainly retinal laser photocoagulation, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)treatment and vitrectomy surgery. The current treatment methods not only have shortcomings, but also bring serious economic burden to patients. Therefore, new methods are needed to explore the pathogenesis of DR, discover new treatments or improve current treatments, and improve the satisfaction of DR patients. In recent years, the identification and quantification of proteins expressed in blood, retina, vitreous humor, aqueous humor, and tears of all observable DR patients and DR rats and differentially expressed proteins after drug intervention have provided new ideas for further exploring the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of DR with the rise of proteomics, which put forward new insights into early detection and treatment.The proteomics of DR in recent years are reviewed, in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of DR.