ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Huanglian Jiedutang （HLJDT） on cognitive function in mice with ischemic stroke （IS） and to elucidate whether its neuroprotective effects are mediated by inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway and subsequent suppression of NF-κB-regulated neuronal apoptosis. MethodsAn IS model was established using middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO）. Sixty C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to five groups （n =12 per group）， i.e.， sham operation， model， HLJDT low-dose （3.9 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， HLJDT high-dose （7.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and Ginkgo biloba extract （GBE， 31.2 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）. Post-operatively， neurological deficit scores （Longa score）， cerebral infarct volume assessed by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining， and brain water content were evaluated. Learning and memory were assessed using new object recognition （NOR） and fear conditioning （FC） tests. Hippocampal pathology was examined via hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining. Immunofluorescence detected expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP， astrocyte marker）， cellular oncogene Fos （c-Fos， neuronal activation marker）， and glutamate decarboxylase 65 （GAD65）. Western blot measured nuclear factor-κB inhibitor protein α （IκBα）， phosphorylated IκBα （p-IκBα）， NF-κB p65， phosphorylated NF-κB p65 （p-NF-κB p65）， ionic calcium binding adapter molecule 1 （Iba-1）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， interleukin （IL）-1β， and apoptosis-related proteins， such as cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease 3 （Caspase-3）， B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）. Real-time quantitative PCR （Real-time PCR） was used to assess mRNA levels of Iba-1， TNF-α， IL-1β， NF-κB p65， cleaved Caspase-3， Bax， and Bcl-2. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group exhibited significantly increased neurological deficit scores， brain water content， and cerebral infarct volume （P<0.01）. Hippocampal CA1 neurons were disorganized， showing nuclear pyknosis and karyolysis. NOR exploration time and FC freezing time were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. GFAP and c-Fos expression were increased， while GAD65 expression was decreased （P<0.01）. Cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax were upregulated， Bcl-2 was downregulated， and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was elevated （P<0.01）. Expression levels of p-IκBα， p-NF-κB p65， IL-1β， TNF-α， and Iba-1 were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， HLJDT high-dose， low-dose， and GBE groups showed significant improvements in all parameters （P<0.01）. Among them， the HLJDT high-dose group showed the most pronounced neuronal structural recovery and superior performance in NOR and FC tests （P<0.01）. In this group， GFAP and c-Fos decreased， GAD65 increased （P<0.01）， apoptosis-related protein expression was reversed， and NF-κB signaling and related inflammatory factor expression were suppressed （P<0.01）. ConclusionHLJDT ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in mice after IS， potentially by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway， thereby reducing neuroinflammation and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis.

Objective : To explore the mechanism of proliferation of gastric cancer cells induced byHelicobacter pylori(Hp) from the perspective of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response(UPRMT). Methods : C57BL6/J mice, human gastric cancer cells AGS and SGC-7901 cells were infected with Hp, mitochondrial proteins were extracted, and the expressions of UPRMT, including activation of transcription factor 5(ATF5), heat shock protein 60(mtHSP60), heat shock protein 70(mtHSP70) and mitochondrial protease(ClpP), were detected by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to locate the expression sites of 4 proteins in mouse gastric tissue. AGS and SGC-7901 cells were infected with Hp, and cell proliferation was detected by RTCA and CCK-8. Finally, the expression of four indexes in gastric cancer tissues was analyzed by TCGA samples in the UALCAN database. Results : Hp infection could significantly promote the expression of ATF5, mtHSP60, mtHSP70 and ClpP in the mitochondria of gastric epithelial cells of C57BL6/J mice, AGS and SGC-7901 cells, and promote the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. When compared to normal gastric tissues in TCGA samples, ATF5, mtHSP60, mtHSP70, and ClpP were highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues, with statistically significant difference(allP<0.01). Conclusion Hp infection can induce UPRMTin gastric epithelial cells and gastric cancer cells, which in turn promotes cell proliferation.

ObjectiveTo analyze the impact of maternal postpartum depression (PPD) at 2 months postpartum on caregiving for infants aged2 to 24 months, and to provide a scientific basis for future maternal and infant healthcare services. MethodsBased on the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort, 1 060 mother-child pairs were selected from those fully participating in follow-up visits at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months postpartum. Pregnancy and childbirth-related information was collected using standardized questionnaire surveys and hospital obstetric and maternity records. The Edinburgh postpartum depression scale was used to assess the maternal postpartum depressive symptoms at 2 months postpartum. At 2, 6, 12, and 24 months postpartum, questionnaire survey was used to evaluate the maternal responsiveness in caregiving and the provision of early learning opportunities for infants. Scores for responsive caregiving and early learning opportunities at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months were grouped based on the 25th percentile (P₂₅) of total scores. The mixed-effects model was used to analyze the longitudinal impact of maternal postpartum depression at 2 months on the caregiving of 2 to 24-month-old infants. ResultsThe longitudinal results from the mixed-effects model did not show an impact of maternal PPD on infant responsive caregiving within 12 months and early learning opportunities within24 months. However, cross-sectional analysis revealed that, compared to the non-PPD group, the risk of low responsive caregiving at 2 months in the PPD group was 93% higher (OR=1.931, 95%CI: 1.113‒3.364, P=0.019). The risks for low provision of early learning opportunities at2 months and 24 months increased by 59% (OR=1.589, 95%CI: 1.082‒2.324, P=0.017) and 60% (OR=1.598, 95%CI:1.120‒2.279, P=0.010), respectively. ConclusionMaternal postpartum depression increases the risk of low responsive caregiving at 2 months, but its long-term effects warrant further research.

Objective:To determine appropriate cutoff values for evaluating hypoxemia severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods:This cross-sectional study selected data from 1, 781 young patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who underwent polysomnography in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2015 to June 2023. The cohort included 1, 604 males and 177 females, with a mean age of (32.6±5.3) years. The relationship between the minimum arterial oxygen saturation (MSaO 2) and the prevalence of hypertension in this population was investigated. Subjects were categorized into seven groups based on MSaO 2 levels: Group 1 (MSaO 2≥90%), Group 2 (85%≤MSaO 2<90%), Group 3 (80%≤MSaO 2<85%), Group 4 (75%≤MSaO 2<80%), Group 5 (70%≤MSaO 2<75%), Group 6 (65%≤MSaO 2<70%), and Group 7 (MSaO 2<65%). The prevalence of hypertension in each group was statistically analyzed, and the chi-square test was used to identify significant differences in hypertension prevalence. The diagnostic performance of the new versus traditional grouping methods was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results:Among the 1, 781 OSA patients, 915 had hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension in Groups 1 to 7 was 27.8%, 42.4%, 52.2%, 54.1%, 59.5%, 70.5%, and 75.4%, respectively. Significant differences in hypertension prevalence were observed between Group 1 and other groups, Group 2 and Groups 5-7, Group 3 and Groups 6-7, and Group 4 and Group 7( χ2=187.94, P<0.001). After merging the groups based on MSaO 2 thresholds of≥90%, 90%>MSaO 2≥85%, 85%>MSaO 2≥75%, and MSaO 2<75%, the prevalence of hypertension in the new groups was 27.8%, 42.4%, 53.0%, and 71.2%, respectively, with significant differences between adjacent groups( χ2=178.99, P<0.001). ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the new grouping method (0.676) was higher than that for the original grouping method (0.664). Conclusions:As hypoxemia severity increases in OSA, so does the prevalence of comorbid hypertension. Using MSaO 2 cutoff values of 90%, 85%, and 75% to categorize hypoxemia severity appears more appropriate compared to the existing guideline values of 90%, 85%, and 80%.

Objective To investigate the safety of robotic single-site hysterectomy(RSSH)for benign diseases.Methods We retrospectively analyzed data of patients who underwent RSSH or traditional transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site hysterectomy(LESSH)for benign indications from May 2024 to May 2025.The study was comprised of 24 patients in the RSSH group and 42 patients in the LESSH group.Perioperative indicators were compared between the two groups.Results All the surgeries were successfully completed in both groups without conversion or intraoperative/postoperative blood transfusion.The RSSH group had a longer operation time than the LESSH group[161.5(131.3,179.5)min vs.97.5(76.5,123.3)min,Z=-5.226,P＜0.001].However,there were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss,pre-postoperative hemoglobin difference,postoperative pain score,maximum postoperative temperature,time to flatus,indwelling catheter duration,or postoperative hospital stay(P＞0.05).Conclusion RSSH for benign diseases has a safety profile comparable to traditional LESSH.

Objective:To assess the epidemic characteristics of serum of viral hepatitis B infection ranging in age from 1 to 69 years old in Jilin province in 2024. The genotypes of hepatitis B virus-infected individuals were determined.Methods:In 2024，2 313 people ranging in age from 1 to 69 years old in Jilin province were selected by using multi-stage random sampling method for field epidemiological investigation of hepatitis B. The serum samples were collected and detected for the hepatitis B virus（HBV）surface antigen（HBsAg），HBV surface antibody（HBsAb），HBV core antibody（HBcAb），HBV E antigen（HBeAg）and HBV E antibody（HBeAb）by ELISA，and the data were analyzed by the national epidemiological dynamic data collection platform，SPSS 18.0 software. Genotyping is conducted based on the internationally recognized large S region gene fragment.Results:The vaccination rates for hepatitis B among people aged 1-4，5-14，15-29 and 30-69 were 97.00%，94.66%，74.59% and 2.88%，respectively. There were significant differences in hepatitis B vaccination rates across age groups surveyed in 2024（ χ2=1 041.41， P<0.05）. In 2024，the HBsAg carrying rate，HBsAb positive rate，HBV infection rate，HBeAb positive rate and HBeAg positive rate of people in Jilin province were 0. 86%，47.99%，2.25%，5.58% and 5.14%，respectively. The genotype of hepatitis B virus in the infected person is B2 and C2. Conclusions:In 2024，the indicators of HBV infection in Jilin province were good. The highest rate of hepatitis B infection was 11.54% in people with 30-69 years of age and the high vaccination rate of people should continue to be maintained，and the vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine for adults should be strengthened to reduce the risk of infection in these susceptible groups.

In order to establish a method for the detection of serum antibodies to donkey-derived e-quine coronavirus(ECoV),recombinant ECoV N protein was expressed in E.coli system,purified by nickel column affinity chromatography and identified by Western blot.After optimizing the re-action conditions,the indirect ELISA(iELISA)detection method was established using the puri-fied recombinant protein as coating antigen and used to detect 143 clinical serum samples.The re-sults showed that the recombinant N protein,which has good reaction activity with serum antibod-y,was successfully expressed.The optimum conditions of the established iELISA method were as follows:the amount of antigen coated was 0.2 μg/well and overnight at 4 ℃,10％skimmed milk powder solution was sealed at 37℃ for 1.5 h,the dilution concentration of serum was 1∶200,and the enzyme-labeled secondary antibody diluted at 1∶10 000.The sensitivity test results showed that the positive serum could be diluted to 1∶6 400.The specificity test results showed that all an-tibodies to several donkey pathogens were negative.The repetitive test results showed that the in-tra-and inter-batch coefficients of variation were 2.90％-6.12％and 2.29％-7.88％respectively.The positive rate of clinical donkey serum was 57.3％.The iELISA established in this study pro-vides a technical support for epidemiological investigation and antibody surveillance.

Objective This study aims to compare the efficacy of video stylets and video laryngoscopes in facilitating nasotracheal intubation during oral surgery.Methods A total of 80 patients,aged between 18 and 70 years old,with ASA grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective oral surgery under general anesthesia,were randomly assigned to either the video stylet group(Group N)or the video laryngoscope group(Group C),with 40 patients in each group.In Group N,a video stylet was used to shape the tracheal tube at a 90-degree angle,with the shaping position being the vertical distance from the Adam's apple to the nostril.The tube was inserted from the nasal cavity into the throat under direct visualization,and positioned behind the glottis.In Group C,the tube was initially blindly inserted into the nasal cavity without a core.Upon reaching the throat,a video laryngoscope was employed to lift the epiglottis and expose the glottis from the mouth.The tube was then inserted with the aid of intubation forceps or cuff inflation.The primary outcome measure was the intubation time.Additional measures included the time taken for nasal passage,glottis exposure,and the number of intubation attempts and assistant interventions required.Vital signs,including MAP and HR,were recorded at five minutes of quiet rest upon entering the room(T0),during glottis exposure(T1),upon passage of the tube through the glottis(T2),and one minute after the tube entered the trachea(T3).Complications such as epistaxis,oral mucosal bleeding,loose incisors,and postop-erative sore throat were also documented.Results The intubation time and nasal passage time in Group N were significantly shorter than those in Group C(P<0.05).The number of cuff inflations and intubation forceps assisted cases in Group N was significantly lower than in Group C(P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of glottis exposure time,first successful intubation times,C-L glottis classification,and mandibular lift-assisted intubation(P>0.05).The increase in MAP and HR in Group N at T1 and T2 was signifi-cantly less than in Group C(P<0.05).The number of cases with mild epistaxis in Group N was significantly lower than in Group C(P<0.05).Similarly,the number of cases with loose incisors and oral mucosal bleeding in Group N was significantly less than in Group C(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared to the video laryngoscope,the video stylet-guided nasotracheal intubation results in a shorter intubation time,less damage to the oronasopharynx,eliminates the need for intubation forceps,and reduces the patient's stress and vascular stress response during intubation.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic values of ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy of intra rectal cavity and colonoscopy biopsy for rectal and anal canal tumors.Methods:A total of 100 patients with rectal tumors,who admitted to Beijing Rectum Hospital from March 2021 to March 2023,were selected.All patients completed three-dimensional(3D)ultrasound examination of intra rectal cavity,and all of them adopted both colonoscopy biopsy and ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy of intra rectal cavity to obtain tissue samples.Postoperative pathological results were used as the"gold standard"to compare the diagnostic accuracy,pain index,amount of blood loss and examination time of two kinds of modes in sampling.The Kappa test was adopted to analyze the consistency between two kinds of examination methods and postoperatively pathological staging.Results:The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy rate of pathological diagnosis with colonoscopy biopsy were respectively 90.74%,82.61%and 87.00%in diagnosing the benign and malignant rectal tumor.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy rate of ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy of intra rectal cavity were respectively 98.25%,97.67%and 98.00%in diagnosing the benign and malignant rectal tumor.The diagnostic accuracy rate of ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy of intra rectal cavity was higher than that of colonoscopy biopsy,and the difference was statistically significant(x2=4.672,P<0.05).Kappa test analysis indicated that there was moderate consistency between colonoscopy biopsy and pathological staging in diagnosing rectal cancer(Kappa=0.66),and there was high consistency between ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy of intra rectal cavity and pathological staging in diagnosing that(Kappa=0.77).Conclusion:Both colonoscopy biopsy and ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy of intra rectal cavity have highly diagnostic accuracy rate for rectal tumors.However,ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy of intra rectal cavity has obvious advantages for the biopsy of submucosal rectal tumors and anal canal tumors,and it has minimally invasive and cost-effective advantages,which has higher clinical application value.

Endometriosis (EMs) is a common benign disease among women of childbearing age, and multiple studies have shown that it may be a triggering factor for ovarian epithelial tumors. Endometriosis associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) often lacks clear early clinical symptoms and relies on pathological diagnosis, making early diagnosis and treatment difficult. Exploring the mechanism of malignant transformation and migration of EMs and finding effective early diagnostic strategies are inevitable choices for early treatment of diseases and improvement of patient prognosis. This article reviews the pathogenesis and recent diagnostic and differential diagnostic methods of EMs related ovarian cancer, providing important evidence for early detection of EAOC.