The concept of "spirit" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） aligns closely with "the liver governs the designing of strategy". By exploring the relationship between the liver and executive function decline， it is proposed that prolonged liver constraint leads to indecisiveness in strategy designing， which is the initiating factor for executive function decline； liver blood deficiency causes difficulties in executing strategy， which forms an essential foundation for the progression of executive function decline； obstruction in the "liver-du mai-brain" pathway leads to unclear strategy designing， which accelerates executive function decline. This relationship is examined from the perspectives of TCM， modern medicine， and cognitive psychology， aiming to provide insights into addressing executive function decline through treatments focused on the liver.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease caused by abnormal synchronous discharge of the brain, which is characterized by recurrent and transient neurological abnormalities, mainly manifested as loss of consciousness and limb convulsions, and can occur in people of all ages. At present, anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are still the main means of treatment, but their efficacy is limited by the problem of drug resistance, and long-term use can cause serious side effects, such as cognitive dysfunction and vital organ damage. Although surgical resection of epileptic lesions has achieved certain results in some patients, the high cost and potential risk of neurological damage limit its scope of application. Therefore, the development of safe, accurate and personalized non-invasive treatment strategies has become one of the key directions of epilepsy research. In recent years, photobiomodulation (PBM) has gained significant attention as a promising non-invasive therapeutic approach. PBM uses light of specific wavelengths to penetrate tissues and interact with photosensitive molecules within cells, thereby modulating cellular metabolic processes. Research has shown that PBM can enhance mitochondrial function, promote ATP production, improve meningeal lymphatic drainage, reduce neuroinflammation, and stimulate the growth of neurons and synapses. These biological effects suggest that PBM not only holds the potential to reduce the frequency of seizures but also to improve the metabolic state and network function of neurons, providing a novel therapeutic avenue for epilepsy treatment. Compared to traditional treatment methods, PBM is non-invasive and avoids the risks associated with surgical interventions. Its low risk of significant side effects makes it particularly suitable for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, offering new therapeutic options for those who have not responded to conventional treatments. Furthermore, PBM’s multi-target mechanism enables it to address a variety of complex etiologies of epilepsy, demonstrating its potential in precision medicine. In contrast to therapies targeting a single pathological mechanism, PBM’s multifaceted approach makes it highly adaptable to different types of epilepsy, positioning it as a promising supplementary or alternative treatment. Although animal studies and preliminary clinical trials have shown positive outcomes with PBM, its clinical application remains in the exploratory phase. Future research should aim to elucidate the precise mechanisms of PBM, optimize light parameters, such as wavelength, dose, and frequency, and investigate potential synergistic effects with other therapeutic modalities. These efforts will be crucial for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of PBM and ensuring its safety and consistency in clinical settings. This review summarizes the types of epilepsy, diagnostic biomarkers, the advantages of PBM, and its mechanisms and potential applications in epilepsy treatment. The unique value of PBM lies not only in its multi-target therapeutic effects but also in its adaptability to the diverse etiologies of epilepsy. The combination of PBM with traditional treatments, such as pharmacotherapy and neuroregulatory techniques, holds promise for developing a more comprehensive and multidimensional treatment strategy, ultimately alleviating the treatment burden on patients. PBM has also shown beneficial effects on neural network plasticity in various neurodegenerative diseases. The dynamic remodeling of neural networks plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and treatment of epilepsy, and PBM’s multi-target mechanism may promote brain function recovery by facilitating neural network remodeling. In this context, optimizing optical parameters remains a key area of research. By adjusting parameters such as wavelength, dose, and frequency, researchers aim to further enhance the therapeutic effects of PBM while maintaining its safety and stability. Looking forward, interdisciplinary collaboration, particularly in the fields of neuroscience, optical engineering, and clinical medicine, will drive the development of PBM technology and facilitate its transition from laboratory research to clinical application. With the advancement of portable devices, PBM is expected to provide safer and more effective treatments for epilepsy patients and make a significant contribution to personalized medicine, positioning it as a critical component of precision therapeutic strategies.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨环状RNA（circRNA）pumilio RNA结合家族成员1（PUM1）调节miR-337-3p/核磷蛋白1（NPM1）轴对子宫内膜癌（EC）Ishikawa细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭及凋亡的影响。方法：选用Ishikawa细胞，利用RNA干扰技术分别将为sh-circPUM1及其阴性对照（sh-NC）、anti-miR-337-3p及其阴性对照（anti-NC）质粒转染至Ishikawa细胞，实验分为对照组（未转染细胞）、sh-NC组、sh-circPUM1组、sh-circPUM1 + anti-NC组、sh-circPUM1 + anti-miR-337-3p组。qPCR法检测各组Ishikawa细胞中circPUM1、miR-337-3p、NPM1 mRNA的表达，CCK-8法、EdU染色法、Transwell小室实验和流式细胞术分别检测敲低circPUM1对Ishikawa细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭及凋亡的影响，WB法检测Ishikawa细胞中PCNA、NPM1、MMP-9、SNAIL、E-cadherin、BAX、C-caspase-3蛋白表达变化。双萤光素酶报告基因实验验证circPUM1与miR-337-3p、miR-337-3p与NPM1之间的靶向关系。结果：与sh-NC组和对照组相比，sh-circPUM1组Ishikawa细胞增殖能力、EdU阳性细胞率、迁移及侵袭细胞数、circPUM1、NPM1 mRNA及蛋白、PCNA、NPM1、MMP-9和SNAIL蛋白表达均显著降低（均P < 0.05），细胞凋亡率、miR-337-3p，以及细胞中E-cadherin、BAX和C-caspase-3蛋白表达均显著增加（均P < 0.05）；与sh-circPUM1组、sh-circPUM1 + anti-NC组相比，sh-circPUM1 + anti-miR-337-3p组细胞凋亡率、miR-337-3p、E-cadherin、BAX、C-caspase-3蛋白表达均显著降低（均P < 0.05），细胞增殖能力、EdU阳性细胞率、迁移及侵袭细胞数、NPM1 mRNA及蛋白、PCNA、NPM1、MMP-9和SNAIL蛋白表达均显著升高（均P < 0.05）。circPUM1可靶向负调控miR-337-3p、miR-337-3p可靶向负调控NPM1。结论：敲低circPUM1可以抑制Ishikawa细胞的恶性生物学行为，其机制可能是通过靶向miR-337-3p/NPM1轴实现的。

Objective To understand the situation of dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) quality control testing phantoms in radiation health technical service institutions in Guangdong province, analyze the differences among different phantoms, and provide a reference for dental CBCT quality control testing. Methods The testing phantoms of 49 radiation health technical service institutions were used as the research objects. The designated CBCT equipment was used for scanning and imaging. The Z-score method was used to evaluate the high-contrast resolution, low-contrast resolution, and distance measurement deviation of each phantom. Results The satisfaction rates of various items for the phantoms in 49 institutions ranged from 85.7% to 100%. The distance measurement deviations of four institutions were “suspicious”, and the high-contrast resolution of four institutions and the distance measurement deviation of one institution were “unsatisfactory”. Conclusion The overall performance of dental CBCT quality control testing phantoms in radiological health technical service institutions in Guangdong province is satisfactory. However, there are still some phantoms with poor results in items such as distance measurement deviation and high-contrast resolution. The structural design, material selection, and manufacturing process of the phantom may all affect the results of quality control testing. Therefore, appropriate phantoms, optimized exposure conditions, and suitable reconstruction algorithms should be used in CBCT quality control testing to ensure accurate and reliable measurements.

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors for kinesiophobia among elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), so as to provide the reference for alleviating kinesiophobia among COPD patients. Methods: From December 2023 to July 2024, COPD patients aged 60 years and above who sought medical treatment at a tertiary grade-a hospital in Guiyang City were selected. Demographic information was collected through questionnaire surveys. Kinesiophobia, exercise self-efficacy, social support, type D personality and coping styles were assessed using the Chinese version of Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, the Chinese version of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, Type D Personality Scale and Chinese version of the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, respectively. Factors affecting kinesiophobia among elderly patients with COPD were analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. Results: A total of 300 COPD patients were surveyed, including 238 males (79.33%) and 62 females (20.67%). The majority of patients had a disease duration of less than 5 years, with 130 cases (43.33%). The average kinesiophobia score was (48.01±7.74) points. The average exercise self-efficacy score was (3.39±1.01) points. The average social support score was (34.42±6.76) points. There were 280 patients (93.33%) with type D personality. The average scores of the confrontation, avoidance, and resignation dimensions of coping styles were (17.42±5.00), (13.76±1.91), and (11.81±2.95) points, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age (70-<80 years, β'=0.124; ≥80 years, β'=0.205), educational level (primary school and below, β'=0.228; junior high school, β'=0.182), household monthly income per capita (<3 000 yuan, β'=0.234; 3 000~<5 000 yuan, β'=0.165), social support (β'=0.294), type D personality (β'= 0.170), and coping styles (confrontation dimension, β'=-0.140; avoidance dimension, β'=0.154; resignation dimension, β'=0.175) statistically associated with kinesiophobia among elderly patients with COPD. Conclusion Kinesiophobia among elderly patients with COPD is associated with age, educational level, household monthly income per capita, social support, type D personality and coping styles.

Yinyang Gongji Pills have the effects of strengthening the body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors, removing stasis, and reducing swelling, which is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) formula for treating intestinal accumulation. A real-world, registered, and single-arm clinical trial was conducted to observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Yinyang Gongji Pills combined with capecitabine in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer and analyze the clinical characteristics of the patients. A total of 60 patients with advanced colorectal cancer who refused or could not tolerate standard treatment of western medicine were included in the study. They were treated with Yinyang Gongji Pills combined with capecitabine until disease progression or intolerable adverse events occurred. The main observation indicators were progression-free survival(PFS) and safety. The treatment effects of the patients under different baseline characteristics were analyzed. The clinical trial has found that the median PFS of all enrolled patients was 7.3 months, with 30.1% of patients having a PFS exceeding 12.0 months. Layered analysis showed that the median PFS of patients with the onset site being the colon and rectum were respectively 8.4 and 4.7 months. The median PFS of patients with high, medium, and low tumor burden were respectively 7.0, 4.7, and 10.8 months. The median PFS of patients with wild-type and mutant-type RAS/BRAF were respectively 7.9 and 6.9 months. The median PFS of patients with KPS scores ≥80 and ≤70 were respectively 7.9 and 6.5 months. The median PFS of patients treated with Yinyang Gongji Pills for ≥6, 3-6, and ≤3 months were respectively 8.0, 5.2, and 4.2 months. The median PFS of patients with spleen, kidney, liver, and lung syndrome differentiation in TCM were respectively 8.3, 6.7, 7.3, and 5.6 months. The median PFS of patients with TCM pathological factors including phlegm, dampness, and blood stasis were respectively 7.0, 7.3, and 6.5 months. Common adverse reactions include anemia, decreased white blood cells, decreased appetite, fatigue, and hand foot syndrome, with incidence rates being respectively 44.2%, 34.6%, 42.3%, 32.7%, and 17.3%. The results showed that the combination of Yinyang Gongji Pills and capecitabine demonstrated potential clinical efficacy and good safety in this study. The patients have clinical characteristics such as low tumor burden, onset site at the colon, KPS scores ≥ 80, long duration of oral TCM, and TCM syndrome differentiation including spleen or liver.
Humans ; Capecitabine/adverse effects* ; Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Aged ; Adult ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: To investigate the protective effect of sub-hypothermic mechanical perfusion combined with membrane lung oxygenation on ischemic hypoxic injury of yorkshire brain tissue caused by traumatic blood loss. METHODS: This article performed a random controlled trial. Brain tissue of 7 yorkshire was selected and divided into the sub-low temperature anterograde machine perfusion group (n = 4) and the blank control group (n = 3) using the random number table method. A yorkshire model of brain tissue injury induced by traumatic blood loss was established. Firstly, the perfusion temperature and blood oxygen saturation were monitored in real-time during the perfusion process. The number of red blood cells, hemoglobin content, NA⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ ions concentrations and pH of the perfusate were detected. Following perfusion, we specifically examined the parietal lobe to assess its water content. The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were then dissected for histological evaluation, allowing us to investigate potential regional differences in tissue injury. The blank control group was sampled directly before perfusion. All statistical analyses and graphs were performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0 Student t-test. All tests were two-sided, and p value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: The contents of red blood cells and hemoglobin during perfusion were maintained at normal levels but more red blood cells were destroyed 3 h after the perfusion. The blood oxygen saturation of the perfusion group was maintained at 95% - 98%. NA⁺ and K⁺ concentrations were normal most of the time during perfusion but increased significantly at about 4 h. The Ca²⁺ concentration remained within the normal range at each period. Glucose levels were slightly higher than the baseline level. The pH of the perfusion solution was slightly lower at the beginning of perfusion, and then gradually increased to the normal level. The water content of brain tissue in the sub-low and docile perfusion group was 78.95% ± 0.39%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (75.27% ± 0.55%, t = 10.49, p < 0.001), and the difference was statistically significant. Compared with the blank control group, the structure and morphology of pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex and CA1 region of the hippocampal gyrus were similar, and their integrity was better. The structural integrity of granulosa neurons was destroyed and cell edema increased in the perfusion group compared with the blank control group. Immunofluorescence staining for glail fibrillary acidic protein and Iba1, markers of glial cells, revealed well-preserved cell structures in the perfusion group. While there were indications of abnormal cellular activity, the analysis showed no significant difference in axon thickness or integrity compared to the 1-h blank control group. CONCLUSIONS Mild hypothermic machine perfusion can improve ischemia and hypoxia injury of yorkshire brain tissue caused by traumatic blood loss and delay the necrosis and apoptosis of yorkshire brain tissue by continuous oxygen supply, maintaining ion homeostasis and reducing tissue metabolism level.
Animals ; Perfusion/methods* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Brain Injuries/etiology* ; Swine ; Male ; Hypothermia, Induced/methods*

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the primary fibrogenic cells in the liver, and their activation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of hepatic fibrosis. Here, we report that retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXRα), a unique member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a key modulator of HSC activation and liver fibrosis. RXRα exerts its effects by modulating calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ)-mediated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPKα). In addition, we demonstrate that K-80003, which binds RXRα by a unique mechanism, effectively suppresses HSC activation, proliferation, and migration, thereby inhibiting liver fibrosis in the CCl₄ and amylin liver NASH (AMLN) diet animal models. The effect is mediated by AMPKα activation, promoting mitophagy in HSCs. Mechanistically, K-80003 activates AMPKα by inducing RXRα to form condensates with CaMKKβ and AMPKα via a two-phase process. The formation of RXRα condensates is driven by its N-terminal intrinsic disorder region and requires phosphorylation by CaMKKβ. Our results reveal a crucial role of RXRα in liver fibrosis regulation through modulating mitochondrial activities in HSCs. Furthermore, they suggest that K-80003 and related RXRα modulators hold promise as therapeutic agents for fibrosis-related diseases.