To introduce the general thinking, guidelines, work objectives and elaboration process of the general technical requirements adopted by volume Ⅳ of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition, and to summarize and figure out the main characteristics on dosage forms, physico-chemical testing, microbial and biological testing, reference standards and guidelines The newly revised general chapters of pharmacopoeia give full play to the normative and guiding role of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard, track the frontier dynamics of international drug regulatory science and the elaboration of monographs, expand the application of state-of-the-art technologies, and steadily promote the harmonization and unification with the ICH guidelines； further enhance the overall capacity of TCM quality control, actively implement the 3 R principles on animal experiments, and practice the concept of environmental-friendly； replace and/or reduce the use of toxic and hazardous reagents, strengthen the requirements of drug safety control This paper aims to provide a full-view perspective for the comprehensive, correct understanding and accurate implementation of general technical requirements included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition.

Objective To understand the awareness and willingness of primary medical staff in Songjiang District, Shanghai towards human papillomavirus (HPV) and its vaccines, and to provide references for improving the vaccination willingness of HPV vaccine and primary prevention of cervical cancer. Methods From July to August 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the in-service medical staff in 17 community health service centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai, using the random sampling method. Descriptive analysis, χ² test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 951 valid questionnaires were collected during the survey. The awareness rate of HPV among medical staff was 92.74%, and the awareness rate of HPV vaccine was 93.38%. The maximum score for HPV knowledge was 6 points, with an average score of (3.99±1.34) points. The maximum score for HPV vaccine knowledge was 10 points, with an average score of (5.63±1.61) points. 881 (92.64%) medical staff were willing to receive or recommend HPV vaccination. Multivariate analysis showed that concerns about being infected with HPV (OR=2.648, 95% CI: 1.459-4.806), qualified score on HPV vaccine knowledge (OR=1.717, 95% CI: 1.012-2.912), high price burden of HPV vaccine (OR=0.343, 95% CI: 0.157-0.746), and concerns about side effects of vaccination (OR=0.443, 95% CI: 0.243-0.805) were the influencing factors for medical staff's willingness to vaccinate. Conclusion There is insufficient knowledge of HPV and its vaccines among primary medical personnel in Songjiang District, Shanghai. It is necessary to strengthen the continuing education of medical personnel through multiple channels, supplement the HPV-related knowledge system, and eliminate their concerns about vaccines.

BACKGROUND:In the initial stage of growth plate injury inflammation,platelet-derived growth factor BB promotes the repair of growth plate injury by promoting mesenchymal progenitor cell infiltration,chondrogenesis,osteogenic response,and regulating bone remodeling. OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the action mechanism of platelet-derived growth factor BB after growth plate injury. METHODS:PubMed,VIP,WanFang,and CNKI databases were used as the literature sources.The search terms were"growth plate injury,bone bridge,platelet-derived growth factor BB,repair"in English and Chinese.Finally,66 articles were screened for this review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Growth plate injury experienced early inflammation,vascular reconstruction,fibroossification,structural remodeling and other pathological processes,accompanied by the crosstalk of chondrocytes,vascular endothelial cells,stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts and other cells.Platelet-derived growth factor BB,as an important factor in the early inflammatory response of injury,regulates the injury repair process by mediating a variety of cellular inflammatory responses.Targeting the inflammatory stimulation mediated by platelet-derived growth factor BB may delay the bone bridge formation process by improving the functional activities of osteoclasts,osteoblasts,and chondrocytes,so as to achieve the injury repair of growth plate.Platelet-derived growth factor BB plays an important role in angiogenesis and bone repair tissue formation at the injured site of growth plate and intrachondral bone lengthening function of uninjured growth plate.Inhibition of the coupling effect between angiogenesis initiated by platelet-derived growth factor BB and intrachondral bone formation may achieve the repair of growth plate injury.

This study explores the therapeutic differences and mechanisms of salt-processed Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in improving insulin resistance(IR) based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and cellular experiments. The components and intersection targets of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in improving IR were collected from databases, and a "drug-component-target-disease" network and protein-protein interaction(PPI) network were constructed to screen core components and targets. A total of 29 active components and 240 intersection targets were identified, of which 13 were core targets. Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were used to identify key signaling pathways, and molecular docking was performed to validate the binding activity between core components and targets. An IR model in HepG2 cells was induced using insulin combined with high glucose, and the effects of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex before and after salt-processing on cell glucose consumption were evaluated. The expression of proteins related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B(AKT) signaling pathways was detected by Western blot. The cellular experimental results showed that, compared with the model group, glucose consumption in the drug-treated groups was significantly increased(P<0.01), the phosphorylation level of extracellular regulated protein kinase(ERK) was decreased(P<0.05), the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT were increased, and the expression of glucose transporter 4(GLUT4) was also upregulated(P<0.05). Furthermore, the effect of salt-processed Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex was better than that of raw Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex. The study demonstrates that Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, both before and after salt-processing, improves IR by regulating the expression of related proteins in the MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways, with enhanced effects after salt-processing.
Humans ; Network Pharmacology ; Phellodendron/chemistry* ; Insulin Resistance ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Hep G2 Cells ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Protein Interaction Maps/drug effects* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Glucose/metabolism*

The innate immune sensor NLRP3 inflammasome overactivation is involved in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. PGAM5 is a mitochondrial phosphatase involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. However, the role of PGAM5 in ulcerative colitis and the mechanisms underlying PGAM5 regulating NLRP3 activity remain unknown. Here, we show that PGAM5 deficiency ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. By combining APEX2-based proximity labeling focused on PGAM5 with quantitative proteomics, we identify NEK7 as the new binding partner of PGAM5 to promote NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation in a PGAM5 phosphatase activity-independent manner upon inflammasome induction. Interfering with PGAM5-NEK7 interaction by punicalagin inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages and ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice. Altogether, our data demonstrate the PGAM5-NEK7 interaction in macrophages for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and further provide a promising therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis by blocking the PGAM5-NEK7 interaction.

Objective:To analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of a child featuring Dias-Logan syndrome.Methods:A child with speech disorders and delayed psychomotor development from childhood who was admitted to the Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University in July 2022 was selected as the research subject. Clinical data of the child was collected. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of the child and his parents. Potential variant was screened by whole exome sequencing, and candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing. This study was approved by the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University (Ethics No. 2023-K-011).Results:The child has presented with global developmental delay, microcephaly, special facial features and behavioral problems. Genetic testing revealed a de novo variant of the BCL11A gene, namely c. 561_567delACACGCA(p.Q187fs*7), which was classified as pathogenic (PVS1+ PS2+ PM2_Supporting). Conclusion:The heterozygous variant of BCL11A gene probably underlay the Dias-Logan syndrome in this child. Above finding has enriched the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of the BCL11A gene and provides a basis for genetic counseling and clinical decision-making.

Aim To predict the mechanism of Fufang Congrong Yizhi Capsules (FCYC) in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by network pharmacology method, and further validate it in combination with cellular experiments. Methods TCMSP, Gene-Cards, OMIM and TTD databases, Chinese Pharmacopoeia and related literature were used to screen the active ingredients of FCYC and the targets of MCI treatment. The TCM-compound-target-disease network and PPI of intersection targets were constructed, and the GO and KEGG analysis were performed by the Ehamb bioinformation platform. GO and KEGG analysis were performed through Yihanbo biological information platform. Cell model of MCI was established by PC-12 injury induced by Aβ

Objective:To explore the effective components and potential mechanisms of Xiefei Lishui Prescription in the treatment of heart failure.Methods:Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem four stage rod time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology was used to analyze and identify the active components of Xiefei Lishui Prescription. Drug targets were predicted through the Swiss Target Prediction database, and disease targets were collected from Gene Cards, Dis GENET, and TTD databases. The intersection of drug targets and disease targets was screened using a STRING database for protein interaction to identify core targets. The core targets were included in the DAVID database for GO enrichment and KEGG analysis. Finally, molecular docking validation was performed between the drug components and the corresponding core targets.Results:The results identified 10 active components of Xiefei Lishui Prescription, and 8 potential active components were screened using network pharmacology for the treatment of heart failure with Xiefei Lishui Prescription, corresponding to 160 related action targets. A total of 1 305 disease-related targets were collected, and a total of 51 targets ad 17 core targets were included in the string database for protein interaction analysis. GO functional enrichment and KEGG analysis indicated that the mechanism of Xiefei Lishui Prescription in treating heart failure may be related to pathways such as protein binding, ATP binding, and negative regulation of the VEGF signaling pathway and T cell receptor pathway during apoptosis. The molecular docking results showed that baicalin exhibited good binding activity with ESR1, sorghum isoflavones with ESR1, and quercetin with AKT1, EGFR, IL2, and ABCB1.Conclusion:Xiefei Lishui Prescription may exert therapeutic effects on heart failure through multiple pathways by targeting ESR1, AKT1, EGFR, and other targets.