Objective: To investigate the association between the home food environment and overweight and obesity among primary school students, so as to provide scientific evidence for developing targeted family based intervention strategies. Methods: From May to June 2017, a total of 3 670 students in grades 4-6 were selected from 26 schools in 13 districts and counties of Shenyang using multistage random cluster sampling. A questionnaire survey was used to assess the home food environment and sociodemographic factors. Standardized physical examinations were conducted to measure height and weight, and overweight and obesity were defined according to the Screening for Overweight and Obesity among School age Children and Adolescents. Multivariable Logistic regression model was used to examine the association between the home food environment and overweight and obesity among primary school students. Results: Characteristics of the home food environment showed that "healthy cooking and seasoning" was the predominant household cooking pattern among primary school students, accounting for 2 119 students (57.7%), whereas "unhealthy cooking and seasoning" accounted for the lowest proportion, with 37 students(1.0%). Among households, the proportions of "often/always" available unhealthy foods were relatively high for candies(22.6%) and sugar sweetened beverages(19.2%). The mean score for household availability of unhealthy foods was (7.81±4.01). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjustment for sex, age, family residence, and socioeconomic status, students from households with "unhealthy cooking and healthy seasoning" had a higher risk of overweight and obesity than those from households with "healthy cooking and seasoning" ( OR =1.60, 95% CI =1.03-2.46), the risk was even higher among students from households with "unhealthy cooking and seasoning" ( OR = 3.99 , 95% CI =2.03-7.86) (both P <0.05). Household availability of unhealthy foods was positively associated with overweight and obesity among primary school students. Each one point increase in the unhealthy food availability score was associated with a 7% increase in the risk of overweight and obesity ( OR =1.07, 95% CI =1.01-1.13); in addition, students from households where sugar sweetened beverages were "often/always" available had an increased risk of overweight and obesity ( OR=1.40, 95%CI =1.07- 1.86 ) (both P <0.05). Conclusions The home food environment is associated with the risk of overweight and obesity among primary school students. Improving household cooking practices and controlling the availability of unhealthy foods at home may contribute to the prevention and control of overweight and obesity among primary school students.

Objective:To investigate the possible effects of Tim-3/Galectin-9 signaling pathway and MDSC on acute graft-ver-sus-host disease(aGVHD)development in patients after Haplo-HDPSCT.Methods:A total of 42 patients underwent Haplo-HDPSCT and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.Peripheral blood specimens were collected from all study subjects,the number of Tim-3+CD8+T,Granzyme B+CD8+T and MDSC were detected by FCM,and level of Galectin-9 was detected by ELISA.Apoptosis of CD8+T cells from peripheral blood of aGVHD patients were detected by FCM.Results:According to the Seattle International Diagnostic Criteria,there were 16 patients occurred aGVHD after transplantation,while 26 patients did not.①The number of Tim-3+CD8+T and Granzyme B+CD8+T cells in aGVHD patients were significantly higher than patients without aGVHD and healthy controls,while MDSC and Galectin-9 in aGVHD patients were lower than patients without aGVHD and healthy controls(P<0.05);②There were statistically significant differences in the number of Tim-3+CD8+T and Granzyme B+CD8+T cells and level of Galectin-9 between patients with mild(grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ)and severe(grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ)aGVHD groups(P<0.05),while there was no statistically significant difference in the number of MDSC(P=0.689);③Spearman analysis showed that level of Galectin-9 was positively correlated with the number of MDSC in patients without aGVHD(r=0.684,P<0.05);④Isolating CD8+T cells from peripheral blood of aGVHD patients,and found that addition of Galectin-9 increased rate of CD8+T cells apoptosis.Conclusion:Galectin-9 inhibits immune response of CD8+T cells through the Tim-3/Galectin-9 signaling pathway after Haplo-HDPSCT,and this can avoid or slow down the incidence of aGVHD;Galectin-9 is positively correlated with the number of MDSC,it may be associated with the occurrence of aGVHD.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and safety of novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion strain protein derivatives,referred to as B/R strain active proteins.In cellular experiments,RAW264.7 cells were treated with each vaccine preparation,and apoptosis rates were measured.In subsequent animal experiments,C57BL/6 mice were immunized via subcutaneous injection,and their survival and body weight changes were monitored and recorded at 2,4,8,12,and 16 weeks.The lungs and spleens were harvested to calculate organ coefficients,and pathological examinations were conducted.At the eighth week of immunization,the mice were infected with high concentrations of BCG,and pathological changes in the lungs and spleens were observed 4 weeks post-infection.The apoptosis rate at 6 hours was significantly higher in the experimental group than the PBS group(P<0.05).At 12 and 24 hours,the apoptosis rate in the experimental group remained higher than that in the PBS group,although this difference was not statistically significant.After immunization,mice in all four groups exhibited normal growth patterns,as indicated by stable body weight changes.At 4 and 12 weeks post-immunization,the lung coefficients in the protein group were significantly higher than those in the PBS group at the same time points.Additionally,the lung coefficients in the BCG group were significantly elevated across all time periods(P<0.05).The spleen coefficients in the protein and BCG groups were significantly higher than those in the PBS group at 2,4,8,12,and 16 weeks,whereas the ICD B/R group showed higher spleen coefficients than the PBS group only at week 8(P<0.05).Pathological examination revealed normal lung and spleen tissues in the PBS group.However,during the 2-8 weeks immunization period,lung and spleen tissues in all experimental groups exhibited varying degrees of damage,which gradually diminished by 12-16 weeks.Notably,no tuberculosis nodules were observed in any experimental group.After infection with high concentrations of BCG,no overt pathological changes were observed on the surfaces of the lungs and spleens in any group.Microscopic examination revealed less severe pathological changes in the lungs and spleens of mice in the experimental groups than the PBS group.Furthermore,no statistically significant differences were observed between the protein group and the BCG group.Our findings suggested that the B/R strain active proteins'toxicity and safety profiles were comparable to those of BCG,and showed immunoprotective effects.This study provides an experimental foundation for the development of a novel tuberculosis vaccine.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)combined with dendritic cell-cytokine-induced killer cell(DC-CIK)immunotherapy in the treatment of centrally-located locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer(LA-NSCLC).Methods A total of 113 patients with centrally-located LA-NSCLC admitted from January 2022 to March 2024 were divided into the observation group(n=56)and the control group(n=57)by using the random number table method.The observation group was treated with SBRT combined with DC-CIK immunotherapy,while the control group was treated with SBRT.The clinical efficacy of the two groups after treatment,as well as the levels of tumor markers,immune function indicators and inflammatory indicators before and after treatment,was compared.The adverse reactions during the treatment period and the short-term survival during the 12-month follow-up of the two groups were recorded.Results Compared with the control group,both objective response rate and disease control rate of the observation group were higher(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen,cytokeratin 19 fragment and cancer antigen 125 in both groups were lower than those before treatment,and lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).After treatment,the levels of CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+in the control group were lower than those before treatment,while the level of CD8+was higher than that before treatment(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of CD3+,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+in the observation group were higher than those before treatment and also higher than those in the control group,while the level of CD8+was lower than that before treatment and also lower than that in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).After treatment,the interferon-γ level in the observation group was higher than that before treatment and also higher than that in the control group,while the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were lower than those before treatment and also lower than those in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during the treatment period(P>0.05).The overall survival rate of the observation group at 12-month follow-up was higher,and the median survival time was longer,as compared with the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion SBRT combined with DC-CIK immunotherapy has a definite effect in the treatment of patients with centrally-located LA-NSCLC.It can significantly improve the immune function of patients,reduce the levels of tumor markers,alleviate inflammatory responses,increase short-term survival rates,prolong survival time,and does not significantly increase adverse reactions,offering good safety and reliability.

Objective:To analyze the current status and trends of lung cancer incidence and mortality in China and selected global regions, providing evidence for lung cancer prevention strategies in China.Methods:We extracted data from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database. Age-standardized Incidence rate (ASIR) and Age-standardized Mortality rate (ASMR) were calculated using Segi's world standard population. Epidemiological patterns were analyzed by region, age, sex, and human development index (HDI). Simple linear regression and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used to examine associations between HDI and ASIR/ASMR.Results:In 2022, global lung cancer incidence and mortality reached 2.48 million and 1.82 million cases respectively, with age-standardized rates of 23.6 per 100 000 (ASIR) and 16.8 per 100 000 (ASMR). Gender disparities were prominent, with male ASIR and ASMR being 2.0-fold and 2.5-fold higher than females. Elderly populations showed 11.6-fold higher ASIR and 14.4-fold higher ASMR compared to working-age adults. HDI demonstrated strong positive correlations with both ASIR ( r=0.79, P＜0.001) and ASMR ( r=0.74, P＜0.001). China accounted for 1.06 million new cases and 0.73 million deaths, with ASIR (40.8 per 100 000) and ASMR (26.7 per 100 000) exceeding global averages by 1.7-fold and 1.6-fold respectively. Chinese males showed 1.7-fold higher ASIR and 2.7-fold higher ASMR than females. Trend analysis revealed persistently high male incidence in China whereas rapidly increasing female rates, narrowing gender disparities. Projections estimate 1.80 million incident cases and 1.41 million deaths by 2050, representing 69.3% and 92.0% increases from 2022 levels. Conclusions:Significant heterogeneity exists in lung cancer burden across demographics and development levels, with strong HDI correlations. China bears disproportionate disease burden, necessitating intensified prevention efforts. These findings underscore the urgency of targeted interventions in high-risk populations.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)combined with dendritic cell-cytokine-induced killer cell(DC-CIK)immunotherapy in the treatment of centrally-located locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer(LA-NSCLC).Methods A total of 113 patients with centrally-located LA-NSCLC admitted from January 2022 to March 2024 were divided into the observation group(n=56)and the control group(n=57)by using the random number table method.The observation group was treated with SBRT combined with DC-CIK immunotherapy,while the control group was treated with SBRT.The clinical efficacy of the two groups after treatment,as well as the levels of tumor markers,immune function indicators and inflammatory indicators before and after treatment,was compared.The adverse reactions during the treatment period and the short-term survival during the 12-month follow-up of the two groups were recorded.Results Compared with the control group,both objective response rate and disease control rate of the observation group were higher(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen,cytokeratin 19 fragment and cancer antigen 125 in both groups were lower than those before treatment,and lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).After treatment,the levels of CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+in the control group were lower than those before treatment,while the level of CD8+was higher than that before treatment(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of CD3+,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+in the observation group were higher than those before treatment and also higher than those in the control group,while the level of CD8+was lower than that before treatment and also lower than that in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).After treatment,the interferon-γ level in the observation group was higher than that before treatment and also higher than that in the control group,while the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were lower than those before treatment and also lower than those in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during the treatment period(P>0.05).The overall survival rate of the observation group at 12-month follow-up was higher,and the median survival time was longer,as compared with the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion SBRT combined with DC-CIK immunotherapy has a definite effect in the treatment of patients with centrally-located LA-NSCLC.It can significantly improve the immune function of patients,reduce the levels of tumor markers,alleviate inflammatory responses,increase short-term survival rates,prolong survival time,and does not significantly increase adverse reactions,offering good safety and reliability.

Objective:To explore the effects of early electroacupuncture(EA)intervention on the high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signaling pathway-related protein expression and oligodendrocytes in mice with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),and uncover the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the improvement of motor function in ALS mice by early EA intervention.Methods:ALS mice carrying the SOD1G93A gene were randomly divided into a model group and an EA group,with 10 mice in each group;10 littermate mice with a negative SOD1G93A genotype served as the control group.In the EA group,Baihui(GV20),Tianzhu(BL10),and Tianshu(ST25)were selected with needles retained for 10 min,5 consecutive days per week,with 2 days of rest.One week constituted a course of treatment,and a total of 3 consecutive courses were performed.The other groups were grasped and fixed similarly,but without intervention.Motor function was assessed using the open field test(OFT)and Morris water maze(MWM).Subsequently,hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe neuron morphology in the M1 region of the cerebral cortex.Immunofluorescence was performed to detect the positive cell rate of TAR DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43),and double immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the positive cell rate and cell states of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1(Iba-1)and myelin basic protein(MBP)in the M1 region of the cerebral cortex.Western blotting was used to detect the relative expression levels of TDP-43,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,HMGB1,and TLR4 proteins.Results:Compared to the control group,the model group exhibited a reduced total movement distance in the OFT,and an increased escape latency,as well as fewer platform crossings in the MWM,with statistically significant differences(P<0.01).In the model group,the number of degenerated and necrotic neurons in the M1 region of the ALS mouse cerebral cortex increased,with significant nuclear shrinkage and cytoplasmic vacuolization;the percentage of TDP-43 immunofluorescence positive cells in the M1 region of the cerebral cortex increased(P<0.01),and the relative expression level of TDP-43 protein in the cerebral cortex showed a significant increase(P<0.01);the Iba-1 positive cell percentage increased,while the MBP positive cell percentage decreased(P<0.01);the relative expression levels of TNF-α,HMGB1,and TLR4 proteins increased(P<0.05).Compared to the model group,the EA group showed an increased total movement distance(P<0.01),and a reduced escape latency,and more platform crossings in the MWM,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).In the EA group,neurons showed improvement,with reduced degeneration and necrosis,and larger,clearer nuclei;the percentage of TDP-43 immunofluorescence positive cells in the M1 region of the cerebral cortex decreased(P<0.05),and the relative expression level of TDP-43 protein also decreased(P<0.05);the percentage of Iba-1 positive cells in the M1 region of the cerebral cortex decreased,while the percentage of MBP positive cells increased(P<0.01);the relative expression levels of TNF-α,HMGB1,and TLR4 proteins decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:EA intervention can suppress microglial activation,improve the state of oligodendrocytes,and reduce abnormal TDP-43 aggregation in the M1 region of the cerebral cortex in ALS model mice;its mechanism of action may be related to the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway.

Objective To systematically evaluate the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia in China.Methods Relevant observational studies were retrieved for Chinese schizophrenia patients with metabolic syndrome in Databases,with a retrieval period from the database establishment date to January 12 2025.Two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted data and evaluated the quality of the studies,and a total of 16 articles were included for Meta analysis.Results Age,body mass index,smoking history,disease duration,family history of metabolic syndrome,diabetes history,hypertension history,chlorantraniliprole use,olanzapine use,interleukin-6 levels,leptin levels,triglyceride levels,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significant risk factors for metabolic syndrome in hospitalized Chinese schizophrenia patients(P＜0.05).Moderate recreational exercise served as a protective factor(P＜0.05).Conclusion There are many influencing factors for the association of metabolic syndrome in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia in China,and moderate exercise is a protective factor for the association of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia.In clinical practice,high-risk groups of metabolic syndrome can be actively screened according to relevant risk factors.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of T cell receptor(TCR)ζchain and Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70(ZAP70)in peripheral blood of patients with primary Sj?gren syndrome(PSS).Methods Thirty-six patients with PSS who were treated at Jiujiang NO.1 People's Hospital from January to June 2024 were enrolled in observation group,and 30 healthy subjects during the same period were enrolled in control group.Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression levels of TCRζ chain and ZAP70 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells,and flow cytometry was used to detect peripheral blood T cell subsets.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between TCRζ chain,ZAP70 and other detection indicators.Results The relative expression levels of TCRζ chain and ZAP70 in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group(P＜0.05),while CD8+and interleukin-6(IL-6)were significantly higher than those in control group(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that TCRζ chain was positively correlated with CD4+,and negatively correlated with CD8+and IL-6(P＜0.05).ZAP70 was negatively correlated with CD8+and IL-6(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expressions of TCRζ chain and ZAP70 are down-regulated in PSS patients,which may exacerbate the immune disorder of PSS through abnormal T cell signal transduction.

Alveolar bone reconstruction simulation is an effective means for quantifying orthodontics, but currently, it is not possible to directly obtain human alveolar bone material models for simulation. This study introduces a prediction method for the equivalent shear modulus of three-dimensional random porous materials, integrating the first-order Ogden hyperelastic model to construct a computed tomography (CT) based porous hyperelastic Ogden model (CT-PHO) for human alveolar bone. Model parameters are derived by combining results from micro-CT, nanoindentation experiments, and uniaxial compression tests. Compared to previous predictive models, the CT-PHO model shows a lower root mean square error (RMSE) under all bone density conditions. Simulation results using the CT-PHO model parameters in uniaxial compression experiments demonstrate more accurate prediction of the mechanical behavior of alveolar bone under compression. Further prediction and validation with different individual human alveolar bone samples yield accurate results, confirming the generality of the CT-PHO model. The study suggests that the CT-PHO model proposed in this paper can estimate the material properties of human alveolar bone and may eventually be used for bone reconstruction simulations to guide clinical treatment.
Humans ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods* ; Porosity ; Alveolar Process/physiology* ; Bone Density ; Computer Simulation ; Elasticity ; X-Ray Microtomography ; Stress, Mechanical ; Finite Element Analysis ; Models, Biological