Objective To observe the value of T1 mapping combining diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)for noninvasive preoperative predicting tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL)level in invasive breast cancer.Methods Totally 143 patients with invasive breast cancer were retrospectively collected and divided into high group(TIL≥10％,n=73)and low group(TIL＜10％,n=70)according to TIL level by postoperation pathology.Clinicopathological information were collected,MRI features of breast cancer lesions were documented,mean T1 values(T1mean)and mean ADC values(ADCmean)were measured,and then were compared between groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictive factors of TIL levels,and a nomogram was constructed based on regression model.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the curve(AUC)were used to evaluate the predictive value for TIL levels.Results Compared with low group,high group had higher proportion of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)positivity(P＜0.05),and showed more circular/oval shapes and more smooth margins but less peritumoral edema(all P＜0.05).Significant differences of lesions enhancement pattern was found between groups(P＜0.05).T1mean and ADCmean were both higher in high group than those in low group(both P＜0.05).Lesions enhancement pattern,T1mean and ADCmean were all independent predictors of TIL levels in breast cancer.The AUC of nomogram combining the above 3 factors for predicting TIL level was 0.848,significantly higher than that of lesions enhancement pattern(AUC=0.569,Z=5.384,P＜0.05)and T1mean(AUC=0.662,Z=3.876,P＜0.05),but not statistically different with that of ADCmean(AUC=0.814,Z=1.578,P=0.115).Decision curve analysis showed that this nomogram had good clinical application value.Conclusion Combining T1 mapping and DWI could effectively predict level of TIL level in breast cancer before surgery.

Objective To assess the global and Chinese disease burden of early-onset lung cancer(di-agnosed in patients aged 15-49 years)and its major risk factors.Methods Based on the GLOBOCAN 2022 and Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 datasets,we evaluated the disease burden and associated risk fac-tors of early-onset lung cancer globally and in China,stratified by age,sex,geographic location,and human development index(HDI).Key indicators included age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),and disability adjusted life years(DALYs)attributable to risk factors.Results In 2022,there were 137 705 new cases and 72 646 deaths from early-onset lung cancer globally,with ASIR and ASMR of 3.43 per 100 000 and 1.82 per 100 000 population,respectively.The disease burden was higher in males than in females(ASIR:3.72 per 100 000 vs.3.14 per 100 000;ASMR:2.31 per 100 000 vs.1.33 per 100 000).High-HDI regions exhibited the highest ASIR(5.51 per 100 000)and ASMR(2.57 per 100 000),with health inequality analysis revealing a concentration of disease burden in higher-HDI areas.China bore the heaviest burden,accounting for 48.69%of global new cases and 35.77%of deaths.China's ASIR(8.21 per 100 000)and ASMR(3.17 per 100 000)exceeded global averages,with incidence higher in fe-males(8.78 per 100 000 vs.7.67 per 100 000)but mortality higher in males(4.01 per 100 000 vs.2.29 per 100 000).Smoking and ambient particulate matter pollution were the leading risk factors globally(DALYs contribution:42.01%and15.62%)and in China(DALYs contribution:46.78%and 20.84%).Globally,household air pollution ranked third,whereas in China,secondhand smoke replaced it as the third leading risk factor,with household air pollution dropping to fifth.Risk factor profiles varied significantly across age groups,with modifiable risks contributing less to disease burden in the 15-24 age group.Conclusions The burden of early-onset lung cancer varies markedly by sex,region,and HDI,with China facing a disproportionately high burden.Policymakers should prioritize equitable resource allocation and targeted interventions,particularly in tobacco control and air pollution mitigation,to enhance cancer prevention and control efforts.

Objective To assess the global and Chinese disease burden of early-onset lung cancer(di-agnosed in patients aged 15-49 years)and its major risk factors.Methods Based on the GLOBOCAN 2022 and Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 datasets,we evaluated the disease burden and associated risk fac-tors of early-onset lung cancer globally and in China,stratified by age,sex,geographic location,and human development index(HDI).Key indicators included age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),and disability adjusted life years(DALYs)attributable to risk factors.Results In 2022,there were 137 705 new cases and 72 646 deaths from early-onset lung cancer globally,with ASIR and ASMR of 3.43 per 100 000 and 1.82 per 100 000 population,respectively.The disease burden was higher in males than in females(ASIR:3.72 per 100 000 vs.3.14 per 100 000;ASMR:2.31 per 100 000 vs.1.33 per 100 000).High-HDI regions exhibited the highest ASIR(5.51 per 100 000)and ASMR(2.57 per 100 000),with health inequality analysis revealing a concentration of disease burden in higher-HDI areas.China bore the heaviest burden,accounting for 48.69%of global new cases and 35.77%of deaths.China's ASIR(8.21 per 100 000)and ASMR(3.17 per 100 000)exceeded global averages,with incidence higher in fe-males(8.78 per 100 000 vs.7.67 per 100 000)but mortality higher in males(4.01 per 100 000 vs.2.29 per 100 000).Smoking and ambient particulate matter pollution were the leading risk factors globally(DALYs contribution:42.01%and15.62%)and in China(DALYs contribution:46.78%and 20.84%).Globally,household air pollution ranked third,whereas in China,secondhand smoke replaced it as the third leading risk factor,with household air pollution dropping to fifth.Risk factor profiles varied significantly across age groups,with modifiable risks contributing less to disease burden in the 15-24 age group.Conclusions The burden of early-onset lung cancer varies markedly by sex,region,and HDI,with China facing a disproportionately high burden.Policymakers should prioritize equitable resource allocation and targeted interventions,particularly in tobacco control and air pollution mitigation,to enhance cancer prevention and control efforts.

Objective To observe the value of T1 mapping combining diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)for noninvasive preoperative predicting tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL)level in invasive breast cancer.Methods Totally 143 patients with invasive breast cancer were retrospectively collected and divided into high group(TIL≥10％,n=73)and low group(TIL＜10％,n=70)according to TIL level by postoperation pathology.Clinicopathological information were collected,MRI features of breast cancer lesions were documented,mean T1 values(T1mean)and mean ADC values(ADCmean)were measured,and then were compared between groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictive factors of TIL levels,and a nomogram was constructed based on regression model.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the curve(AUC)were used to evaluate the predictive value for TIL levels.Results Compared with low group,high group had higher proportion of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)positivity(P＜0.05),and showed more circular/oval shapes and more smooth margins but less peritumoral edema(all P＜0.05).Significant differences of lesions enhancement pattern was found between groups(P＜0.05).T1mean and ADCmean were both higher in high group than those in low group(both P＜0.05).Lesions enhancement pattern,T1mean and ADCmean were all independent predictors of TIL levels in breast cancer.The AUC of nomogram combining the above 3 factors for predicting TIL level was 0.848,significantly higher than that of lesions enhancement pattern(AUC=0.569,Z=5.384,P＜0.05)and T1mean(AUC=0.662,Z=3.876,P＜0.05),but not statistically different with that of ADCmean(AUC=0.814,Z=1.578,P=0.115).Decision curve analysis showed that this nomogram had good clinical application value.Conclusion Combining T1 mapping and DWI could effectively predict level of TIL level in breast cancer before surgery.

Objective:This paper provides a brief overview of the epidemiology of colorectal cancer in China and around the world, and discusses how to prevent colorectal cancer to reduce its disease burden.Method:Using the official database of GLOBOCAN 2020, the China Cancer Registry Annual Report compiled by the National Cancer Center, and data from CONCORD-3.Data management was performed by Microsoft Excel 2016 and R 4.2.1 Relevant graphs were generated using the ggplot2 package for result visualization.Result:An estimated 1 931 590 people were diagnosed with colorectal cancer worldwide in 2020 with an age-standardized incidence rate of 19.5 per 100 000. There were about 935 173 deaths caused by colorectal cancer internationally, with an age-standardized mortality rate of 9.0 per 100 000. Overall, colorectal cancer was the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide in 2020. In China, the age-standardized incidence rate and mortality rate of colorectal cancer was 17.3 per 100 000 and 7.8 per 100 000, respectively. Gender differences in trends were observed, with a decreasing trend in incidence and mortality among females and an increasing trend in incidence and mortality among males. The primary risk factors for colorectal cancer include age, genetic factors, gastrointestinal disorders, dietary habits, and lifestyle et al.Conclusions:Colorectal cancer poses a significant burden globally and in China. The occurrence of colorectal cancer is closely related to physiology, genetics, behavioral habits, lifestyle, and disease factors. To better control the colorectal cancer burden with the lowest cost, specific measures should be taken to reduce exposure to established risk factors. By combining the disease prevention and control strategies of tertiary prevention in China with the characteristic factors of colorectal cancer, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer may be effectively controlled.

Objective:To analyze the detection of colorectal advanced neoplasms in the population who underwent colonoscopy screening in Henan Province as part of the Urban China Cancer Screening Program and its influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study design was employed. Based on the Cancer Screening Program conducted in Henan Province, the study enrolled 7 454 urban residents who manifested no symptoms and were recruited from eight cities in the province, including Zhengzhou, Zhumadian, Anyang, Luoyang, Nanyang, Jiaozuo, Xinxiang, and Puyang from October 2013 to October 2019, and participated in colonoscopy screening. The χ 2 test was used to compare the detection rates of colorectal advanced neoplasms among participants with different characteristics, and a multivariate logistic stepwise regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the detection rates. Results:A total of 7 454 subjects underwent colonoscopy screening, and 112 cases of colorectal advanced neoplasms were detected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that older age, smoking, higher meat intake, history of diabetes, and family history of colorectal cancer in a first-degree relative were risk factors for colorectal advanced neoplasms. The detection rate was significantly higher in people aged 60-74 years compared with those aged 40-49 years, with an odds ratio ( OR) of 2.04 (95% CI: 1.23-3.38).The rates were higher in people who smoked than those who did not smoke, with an OR of 2.21 (95% CI: 1.48-3.31), and in people who consumed more meat than those who consumed less, with an OR of 1.53 (95% CI: 1.04-2.26). Those with diabetes had a higher detection rate compared with those without, with an OR of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.07-2.69), and those with a first-degree family history of colorectal cancer had a higher detection rate than those without, with an OR of 1.64 (95% CI: 1.09-2.46). Conclusion:The detection rate of colorectal advanced neoplasms through colonoscopy screening in Henan Province covered by the Urban China Cancer Screening Program is 1.50%. Older age, smoking, higher meat intake, history of diabetes, and family history of colorectal cancer in a first-degree relative are identified as risk factors for colorectal advanced neoplasms.

Objective:To analyze the 5-year relative survival rate of cancer in Henan province based on cancer registration data.Methods:Cancer survival data were extracted from the cancer registration database of Henan province with the diagnosis date between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019 were included. The closing date of follow-up was set as December 31, 2019. The 5-year relative survival rate of cancer was calculated using the period survival analysis method and the Ederer II method in the R package "periodR", and the interest period was between 2015 and 2019.Results:During the period of 2015-2019, the overall 5-year relative survival rate of cancer patients in Henan province was 43.6%, and after age-standardization, it was 40.2%. The overall 5-year relative survival rate showed the characteristics of higher survival rate in females than males (45.9% vs 34.7%, Z=39.60, P＜0.001) and higher survival rate in urban areas than rural areas (44.9% vs 39.1%, Z=12.97, P＜0.001). The 5-year relative survival rate for cancer patients among children aged 0-14 was 60.2%, and for adults aged 15 and above, it was 43.5%, which was standardized to 40.2% after age adjustment. There are two types of cancers with a standardized 5-year relative survival rate exceeding 70% (thyroid cancer at 82.2% and breast cancer at 71.6%), and four cancers with a rate below 30% (pancreatic cancer at 18.2%, liver cancer at 19.6%, lung cancer at 24.0%, and gallbladder cancer at 26.6%). Conclusion:The cancer 5-year survival rate in Henan Province is lower than that of the national average, indicating the need for continued enhancement of cancer prevention and control measures.

Objective:To analyze the detection of colorectal advanced neoplasms in the population who underwent colonoscopy screening in Henan Province as part of the Urban China Cancer Screening Program and its influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study design was employed. Based on the Cancer Screening Program conducted in Henan Province, the study enrolled 7 454 urban residents who manifested no symptoms and were recruited from eight cities in the province, including Zhengzhou, Zhumadian, Anyang, Luoyang, Nanyang, Jiaozuo, Xinxiang, and Puyang from October 2013 to October 2019, and participated in colonoscopy screening. The χ 2 test was used to compare the detection rates of colorectal advanced neoplasms among participants with different characteristics, and a multivariate logistic stepwise regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the detection rates. Results:A total of 7 454 subjects underwent colonoscopy screening, and 112 cases of colorectal advanced neoplasms were detected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that older age, smoking, higher meat intake, history of diabetes, and family history of colorectal cancer in a first-degree relative were risk factors for colorectal advanced neoplasms. The detection rate was significantly higher in people aged 60-74 years compared with those aged 40-49 years, with an odds ratio ( OR) of 2.04 (95% CI: 1.23-3.38).The rates were higher in people who smoked than those who did not smoke, with an OR of 2.21 (95% CI: 1.48-3.31), and in people who consumed more meat than those who consumed less, with an OR of 1.53 (95% CI: 1.04-2.26). Those with diabetes had a higher detection rate compared with those without, with an OR of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.07-2.69), and those with a first-degree family history of colorectal cancer had a higher detection rate than those without, with an OR of 1.64 (95% CI: 1.09-2.46). Conclusion:The detection rate of colorectal advanced neoplasms through colonoscopy screening in Henan Province covered by the Urban China Cancer Screening Program is 1.50%. Older age, smoking, higher meat intake, history of diabetes, and family history of colorectal cancer in a first-degree relative are identified as risk factors for colorectal advanced neoplasms.

Objective:To analyze the 5-year relative survival rate of cancer in Henan province based on cancer registration data.Methods:Cancer survival data were extracted from the cancer registration database of Henan province with the diagnosis date between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019 were included. The closing date of follow-up was set as December 31, 2019. The 5-year relative survival rate of cancer was calculated using the period survival analysis method and the Ederer II method in the R package "periodR", and the interest period was between 2015 and 2019.Results:During the period of 2015-2019, the overall 5-year relative survival rate of cancer patients in Henan province was 43.6%, and after age-standardization, it was 40.2%. The overall 5-year relative survival rate showed the characteristics of higher survival rate in females than males (45.9% vs 34.7%, Z=39.60, P＜0.001) and higher survival rate in urban areas than rural areas (44.9% vs 39.1%, Z=12.97, P＜0.001). The 5-year relative survival rate for cancer patients among children aged 0-14 was 60.2%, and for adults aged 15 and above, it was 43.5%, which was standardized to 40.2% after age adjustment. There are two types of cancers with a standardized 5-year relative survival rate exceeding 70% (thyroid cancer at 82.2% and breast cancer at 71.6%), and four cancers with a rate below 30% (pancreatic cancer at 18.2%, liver cancer at 19.6%, lung cancer at 24.0%, and gallbladder cancer at 26.6%). Conclusion:The cancer 5-year survival rate in Henan Province is lower than that of the national average, indicating the need for continued enhancement of cancer prevention and control measures.

Background::Lung cancer is the most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and mortality of lung cancer worldwide in 2022 and to project the number of new cases and deaths due to lung cancer in China and the United States in 2050.Methods::In this study, data from the GLOBCAN 2022 database were used to analyze lung cancer incidence and mortality. The current status of lung cancer incidence and deaths was described by country/region, sex, age, and the human development index (HDI), and future lung cancer incidence and deaths in China and the United States were projected for 2050.Results::Globally, an estimated 2,480,675 new lung cancer cases and 1,817,469 lung cancer-related deaths occurred in 2022, with age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of 23.6/100,000 and 16.8/100,000, respectively. In China, the ASIR and ASMR for male lung cancer patients were approximately 1.7 times and 2.7 times greater than those for female lung cancer patients, respectively. The ASIR and ASMR in high-HDI countries were approximately 8.5 times and 6.5 times those in low-HDI countries, respectively. It is estimated that in 2050, there will be approximately 1120 thousand new cases and 960 thousand deaths among Chinese men, 680 thousand new cases and 450 thousand deaths among Chinese women, approximately 170 thousand new cases and 110 thousand deaths among American men, and 160 thousand new cases and 90 thousand deaths among American women.Conclusions::There are significant differences in the incidence and mortality of lung cancer among different regions and sexes. Therefore, sex factors need to be considered in the prevention, screening, and treatment strategies of lung cancer, and the implementation of tertiary prevention measures for lung cancer, especially primary and secondary prevention, needs to be actively promoted.