In recent years,the incidence and mortality rates of hepatocellular carcinoma in China have gradually become close to each other,reflecting persistent limitations in current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Given the close association between hepatocellular carcinoma development and the progression of precancerous lesions,the expert panel released the first edition of the Multidisciplinary Experts Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Precancerous Lesions of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in 2020 and updated it in 2023,aiming to advance early-intervention strategies and improve overall patient survival rates.This article provides an in-depth interpretation of the key imaging diagnostic points outlined in the consensus,aiming to offer radiologists at all levels with a robust reference for early identification and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma precancerous lesions,thereby facilitating critical support for timely patient intervention and treatment.

As a globally prevalent malignancy with high morbidity and mortality rates,hepatocellular carcinoma has demonstrated significant potential in prognostic prediction and therapeutic evaluation through its imaging manifestations.This article focuses on the potential correlations between current imaging characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma and its prognosis,emphasizing the importance of adopting and promoting a standardized imaging terminology system.It illustrates specific examples of imaging features associated with prognosis,reviews recent research hotspots and advancements in hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis.The aim is to offer precise prognostication,diagnosis and treatment strategies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

As a globally prevalent malignancy with high morbidity and mortality rates,hepatocellular carcinoma has demonstrated significant potential in prognostic prediction and therapeutic evaluation through its imaging manifestations.This article focuses on the potential correlations between current imaging characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma and its prognosis,emphasizing the importance of adopting and promoting a standardized imaging terminology system.It illustrates specific examples of imaging features associated with prognosis,reviews recent research hotspots and advancements in hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis.The aim is to offer precise prognostication,diagnosis and treatment strategies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

In recent years,the incidence and mortality rates of hepatocellular carcinoma in China have gradually become close to each other,reflecting persistent limitations in current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Given the close association between hepatocellular carcinoma development and the progression of precancerous lesions,the expert panel released the first edition of the Multidisciplinary Experts Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Precancerous Lesions of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in 2020 and updated it in 2023,aiming to advance early-intervention strategies and improve overall patient survival rates.This article provides an in-depth interpretation of the key imaging diagnostic points outlined in the consensus,aiming to offer radiologists at all levels with a robust reference for early identification and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma precancerous lesions,thereby facilitating critical support for timely patient intervention and treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of the limiting value of subfield number on the dosime-try of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plan for left-breast radical mastectomy in order to seek the optimal limiting value of subfield number.Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with left-breast radical mastectomy in this hospital from March 1,2022 to March 31,2023 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients used the Oncentra 4.3 planning system to design 5 kinds of IMRT plans,and the limiting values of subfield number were 15,25,35,45 and 55 respectively (all IMRT plans were named according to the subfield number limiting value,the other optimization parameters and objective function were the same),planning target vol-ume (PTV) dosimetric parameters,organ at risk (OAR) receiving dosage and monitor units were statistically analyzed and compared.Results The PTV D2％ (F=104.439,P<0.05),D98％ (F=20.748,P<0.05),Dmean (F=89.578,P<0.05),homogeneity index (HI,F=101.794,P<0.05) and conformity index (CI,F=26.453,P<0.05) among different subfields number limiting values of IMRT had statistical differences,the left side humeral head V50 (F=76.991,P<0.05) had significant difference and the other OAR had no signifi-cant difference (P>0.05).The PTV D2％,D98％,Dmean,CI and HI values of plan35 were significantly superior to those of plan15 and plan25,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Compared with plan35,there were no statistically significant difference in PTV D98％ and CI of plan45 and plan55 (P>0.05),while the PTV D2％,Dmean and HI were lower,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The V50 of left humeral head in plan15 and plan25 were too high to meet the clinical request.The plan35,plan45 and plan55 could protect the OAR well,moreover there were no significant difference in the receiving dosage of the OAR (P>0.05).The monitor units of plan35 was lower than that of plan45 and plan55,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion When the limiting value of subfield number is 35,the dose distribution of PTV and OAR receiving dosage meet the clinical dosimetric requirements,meanwhile the monitor units is lower,which can be used as a reference value for the IMPT plan design for left-breast cancer radical mastecto-my.

AIM:To establish and evaluate a colonoids model of intestinal barrier dysfunction with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:The colonic recess of 20～22 g male C57BL/6 mice were isolated and cultured in ma-trix glue to proliferate and differentiate into 3D hollow spheres with colonic epithelioid structure.The following experi-ments were carried out:(1)Colonoids and colonic tissues of mice were detected by immunofluorescence to identify colo-noids.(2)Fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran 4(FD4)evaluated the epithelial barrier function of colonoids.(3)To ex-plore the changes in the epithelial barrier of colonoids induced by interferon-γ(IFN-γ)at different concentrations and time points.FD4 and HE staining were used to evaluate the barrier function.RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expres-sion of occludin and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)in tight junctions of colonoids.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the distribution and localization of occludin and ZO-1 proteins.RESULTS:(1)The expression of EdU proliferation and in-testinal epithelial cell lineage markers in colonoids was consistent with that in mouse colonic tissues.(2)In the control group,FD4 did not infiltrate the colonoids lumen,but FD4 significantly infiltrated the colonoids lumen induced by ethyl-ene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid(EGTA).(3)From 18 h,the IFN-γ at 60,100,200 and 240 ng/mL could significantly infiltrate into the cavity of colonoids(0.033,0.032,0.042 and 0.001),and the barri-er injury of colonoids could be seen by HE staining.After 18 h,all concentrations of IFN-γ could significantly decrease the mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1,and the fluorescence of occludin and ZO-1 decreased significantly(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:(1)The cultured organoids are colonoids with complete epithelial barrier.(2)IFN-γ could in-duce the decrease of the transcriptional levels of occludin and ZO-1 in the tight junction of colonoids,the decrease of the expression of corresponding proteins,and the change of localization and distribution,thus increasing the epithelial perme-ability of colonoids.This model is highly consistent with the pathophysiological state of IBS colonic mucosal barrier dys-function,which provides a new tool and method for studying the direction of colonic mucosal barrier dysfunction in IBS.

Since the publication of guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China in 2017,which were updated in 2019 and 2022.The new version of the guidelines(2024 edition)has been published,which aims to early diagnosis,treatment and improvement of survival rate for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Imaging is essential for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and the new guidelines feature major changes in the imaging techniques for early diagnosis of subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma(diameter≤1.0 cm),which were interpretated in this article.

The incidence and mortality rates of primary liver cancer remain very high,posing a serious threat to the global public health.In Asia,the guidelines from the Korean Liver Cancer Association-National Cancer Center,the Japan Society of Hepatology,and the Chinese Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer(2024 edition)have significant influence and provide important guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer.These guidelines,based on their own national condition,background,evidence and clinical practice,exhibit both commonalities and divergences in the imaging diagnosis of liver cancer.This study aims to provide a more comprehensive and scientific reference for clinicians by comparing the specific contents of three guidelines regarding screening,surveillance,imaging diagnosis and staging of liver cancer,thereby promoting the standardized diagnosis and treatment of clinical practice in the primary liver cancer.

Objective: To forecast mortality, age-standardized mortality, and probability of premature mortality from diabetes, and to simulate the impact of controlling risk factors by 2030 in China. Methods: We simulated the burden of disease from diabetes in six scenarios according to the development goals of risk factors control by the WHO and Chinese government. Based on the theory of comparative risk assessment and the estimates of the burden of disease for China from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, we used the proportional change model to project the number of deaths, age-standardized mortality, and probability of premature mortality from diabetes under different scenarios of risk factors control in 2030. Results: If the trends in exposures to risk factors from 1990 to 2015 continued. Mortality, age-standardized mortality, and probability of premature mortality from diabetes would increase to 32.57/100 000, 17.32/100 000, and 0.84% by 2030, respectively. During that time, mortality, age-standardized mortality and probability of premature mortality for males would all be higher than for females. If the goals of controlling risk factors were all achieved, the number of deaths from diabetes in 2030 would decrease by 62.10% compared to the predicted numbers based on the historical trends in exposure to risk factors, and the probability of premature mortality would drop to 0.29%. If only the exposure to a single risk factor were achieved by 2030, high fasting plasma glucose control would have the greatest impact on diabetes, resulting in a 56.00% reduction in deaths compared to the predicted numbers based on the historical trends, followed by high BMI (4.92%), smoking (0.65%), and low physical activity (0.53%). Conclusions: Risk factors control plays an important role in reducing the number of deaths, age-standardized mortality rate, and probability of premature mortality from diabetes. We suggest taking comprehensive measures to control relevant risk factors for certain populations and regions, to achieve the goal of reducing the burden of disease from diabetes as expected.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology* ; Mortality, Premature ; Smoking ; Cost of Illness ; China/epidemiology* ; Global Burden of Disease