Avian coccidiosis, an acute parasitic disease that mainly harms chicks, is widely prevalent across the world, which poses a serious threat to poultry industry. Because of the single prophylactic formulations, veterinary clinical treatment of coccidiosis mainly relies on chemically synthesized agents, polyether ionophores and Chinese herbal medicines. The introduction of novel anticoccidial drugs is slow for a long period of time, and there is an increasing problem of anticoccidial drug resistance following long-term use, which has become an urgent problem to be solved in poultry industry. This review summarizes the levels of anticoccidial drug resistance across China from 2018 to 2023, and analyzes the resistance to various anticoccidial agents in coccidia. It is indicated that the overall prevalence of anticoccidial drug resistance is high in coccidia, and development of novel anticoccidial agents and products with reduced antibiotics use and alternatives of antibiotics is of an urgent need.

OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy and safety of different doses of bupivacaine liposome （referred to as “LB”） in posterior quadratus lumborum block （QLB） for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing cesarean section （CS）. METHODS In prospective research method， a total of 168 patients undergoing CS admitted to Chongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June to December 2024 were randomly divided into LB1 group， LB2 group， and LB3 group （LB of 199， 133 and 67 mg， respectively） according to the random number sorting method， with 56 cases in each group. All patients underwent CS after combined spinal-epidural anesthesia， and received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia and bilateral posterior QLB with different doses of LB after the operation. Visual analogue scale score， Ramsay sedation score， the presence of postoperative block planes and muscle strength classification were observed in the three groups of patients at 6， 12， 24， 48 and 72 hours after the operation. The time of the first compression of the analgesic pump， the dosage of sufentanil and butorphanol within 72 hours after surgery， the number of compressions of the analgesic pump， the analgesic rescue rate， the time of initiating lactation， the score of neonatal behavioral neurological assessment （NBNA）， the time of postoperative exhaust， the indwelling time of urinary catheter， the length of hospital stay， and the total satisfaction at 72 hours after surgery were compared. The occurrence of adverse reactions within 72 hours after the operation was recorded. RESULTS The resting and motor pain scores， the dosage of sufentanil and butorphanol within 72 hours after surgery， the number of compressions of the analgesic pump， the analgesic rescue rate， and the time of initiating lactation at 6， 12， 24， 48 and 72 hours after surgery in the LB1 group and the LB2 group were significantly lower or shorter than those in the LB3 group（P＜0.05）. The proportion of postoperative block planes at 24， 48 and 72 hours after surgery， the time of the first compression of the analgesic pump and the total satisfaction in the LB1 group and the LB2 group were significantly higher or longer than those in the LB3 group（P＜0.05）. The proportion of patients with muscle strength≤grade 3 at 6 hours after surgery in the LB1 group was significantly higher than that in the LB2 and the LB3 groups （P＜0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences in the Ramsay sedation scores at each time point after surgery， NBNA scores， postoperative exhaust time， urinary catheter indwelling time， the length of hospital stay， as well as the occurrence of adverse reactions among the 3 groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Compared with 67 mg of LB， 199 mg and 133 mg of LB can improve the postoperative analgesic effect and total satisfaction of CS patients undergoing posterior QLB， reduce the use of postoperative analgesic drugs， and shorten the time to start lactation. Compared with 199 mg and 133 mg of LB， 67 mg of LB has a smaller impact on the motor function of CS patients. All three doses of LB had no significant effect on the neurobehavioral abilities of newborns, and demonstrated comparable sedative efficacy and safety.

Objective:To conduct a survey of the current status of education service offered to professional master's students in clinical medicine in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Chongqing, China based on the SERVQUAL model, and to discuss the problems with education service as well as measures for improvement.Methods:Based on the SERVQUAL model, a questionnaire consisting of 30 items in 5 dimensions was designed. Each item was rated for an expected score and a perceived score. Medical professional master's students in a Chongqing grade-A tertiary hospital in the first half year of 2022 were surveyed for the expected and perceived quality of education service to calculate service quality (SQ). SPSS 26.0 was used for reliability and validity analyses and descriptive statistical analyses. The results were analyzed using a two-dimensional quadrant graph.Results:A total of 263 valid questionnaires were returned, with an effective response rate of 97.77%. For both the expectation scale and the perception scale, the Cronbach's α values were >0.8, and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin values were >0.7, indicating good reliability and validity. The mean expected value of education service quality was 4.28, the mean perceived value was 3.96, and the mean gap value was -0.32. The SQ scores for all the items were negative, except for "provide neat suits for work". The two-dimensional quadrant analysis showed that 6 items were located in quadrant III (low-expectation and low-perception area), and 7 items were located in quadrant IV (high-expectation and low-perception area).Conclusions:The evaluation scale based on the SERVQUAL model can effectively reflect problems in postgraduate education for medical master's students, helping develop strategies to improve the quality of education service.

Objective To explore the current status of H.pylori infection in the natural population of Sanya City,analyze its influencing factors,and provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of H.pylori infection.Methods A total of 677 residents from four districts of Sanya City were selected by overall stratified random sampling method,and were subjected to urea 14C breath test and questionnaire survey to calculate the positive rate of H.pylori in the natural population and analyze the influencing factors of H.pylori infection.Results A total of 606 residents were included,and the number of H.pylori positive detections was 261,with a positive detection rate of 38.5％.Among them,different ethnicity,marital status,smoking,eating vegetables and fruits,and literacy level were associated with H.pylori infection(P＜0.05);gender,age,BMI,alcohol consumption,drinking water source,betel quid chewing,and the number of cohabitants were not significantly associated with H.pylori infection(P＞0.05).Family infection was an independent risk factor for H.pylori infection in the natural population of Sanya City,and Li ethnicity,frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables,and college and higher education level were independent protective factors for H.pylori infection in the natural population of Sanya City.Conclusion The rate of H.pylori infection in the natural population of Sanya City is lower than the national average.Consuming more fruits and vegetables and improving the awareness of hygiene protection are conducive to the prevention of H.pylori infection;and the promotion of the family and related members with the same examination and treatment is important to avoid aggregation of infection within the family.

Myeloid neoplasms (MNs) belong to a group of hematological malignancies characterized by the abnormal biological functions of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells. The abnormal immune and hematopoietic microenvironment of patients with MN interact with malignant clonal hematopoietic stem cells, promoting the occurrence and development of their diseases. MN large granular lymphocyte proliferation (MN-LGLP) is a special and rare clinical phenomenon in this type of disease. Currently, research on this disease in domestic and international cohorts is limited. This study analyzes the clinical and laboratory characteristics of this type of patient and explores the impact of LGLP on the clinical characteristics and survival of patients with MN. Patients with MN-LGLP are prone to neutropenia and splenomegaly. The presence of LGLP is not a risk factor affecting the survival of patients with MN-LGLP. STAG, ASXL1, and TET2 are the most common accompanying gene mutations in MN-LGLP, and patients with MN-LGLP and STAG2 mutations have poor prognoses.

Objective The MMV-Net,a deep learning framework based on mammogram multiple views,was constructed to evaluate the classification performance of the model for benign and malignant masses.Methods A retrospective analysis was conduc-ted on a dataset of 1 585 breast X-ray images from Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from 2018 to 2020,including 806 be-nign cases and 779 malignant cases.The dataset was divided into the training set(n=1268)and the test set(n=317)according to an 8∶2 ratios,and the training set was stratified according to the 5-fold cross validation.The integrated DDSM dataset and INBreast dataset were used as external test sets(n=1645)to evaluate the model performance.Each case in the input layer contained 4 views.The MMV-Net model was constructed by removing the last two layers of the ResNet22 network structure and adding an average poo-ling layer as the feature extraction layer,as well as fully connection layer and softmax activation function as the decision layers.Bayes-ian hyperparameter optimization was used.The performance of MMV-Net,MFA Net,and ensemble inception V4 models in AUC val-ues,accuracy,precision,recall and F1 scores were compared.Results The AUC values of MMV-Net model for distinguishing benign and malignant masses on the test set were 0.913,0.882 for MFA-Net,and 0.865 for inception V4.The accuracy and precision evalu-ation metrics of the MMV-Net model were also higher than the other two models.Conclusion The deep learning MMV-Net model based on multiple views of mammogram is helpful for the classification of benign and malignant breast masses.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the application of endoscopic Draf Ⅱ-Ⅲ frontal sinus surgery in the treatment of recurrent frontal sinus infection and fistula formation after craniocerebral trauma.METHODS There were 8 cases of recurrent frontal sinus infection after craniocerebral trauma,the main manifestations were headache,recurrent frontal infection,discharge of pus,fistula formation.The average onset time was 43.25 months.The patients underwent DRAF Ⅱ-Ⅲ frontal sinus surgery under nasal endoscopy,including Draf Ⅱa 2,Draf Ⅱb 5,and Draf Ⅲ1,respectively.During the operation,the frontal sinus ostium was expanded.It was found that bone wax blocked the frontal sinus ostium in the frontal sinus.The bone wax was removed,and the frontal sinus drainage was smooth.No facial incision was made in all patients.RESULTS There were 8 patients with frontal infection who were cured after surgery.No cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea or intracranial infection occurred during or after operation.After discharge,the outpatient follow-up review was conducted in 1,3,6,and 12 months.It was found that the frontal sinus remained unobstructed.The frontal sinus did not become infected again,and the fistula gradually healed.CONCLUSION Draf Ⅱ-Ⅲ frontal sinus surgery under nasal endoscopy is an effective way to treat recurrent frontal sinus infection and fistula formation after craniocerebral trauma.

Objective To observe the effect of berberine on the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells induced by transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)via regulating Hedgehog signaling pathway.Methods HSC-T6 cells were cultured and divided into blank group,TGF-β1 group,berberine low-,medium-and high-dose groups,berberine high-dose+purmorphamine(Hedgehog signaling pathway activator)group.After treatment,the proliferation of HSC-T6 cells was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay.The apoptosis of HSC-T6 cells was detected by flow cytometry.The expressions of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)were detected by immunofluorescence staining.The mRNA expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax)were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The protein expression levels of Hedgehog signaling pathway related factors Smo,Gli-1,Shh and Ptch were detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the blank group,the proliferation rate of HSC-T6 cells,the positive protein expressions of Collagen Ⅰ and α-SMA,the mRNA expression levels of PCNA and Bcl-2,and the protein expression levels of Smo,Gli-1,Shh and Ptch in the TGF-β1 group were significantly increased,while the apoptosis rate and the mRNA expression level of Bax were significantly decreased(all P＜0.05).Compared with TGF-β1 group,the proliferation rate of HSC-T6 cells,the expression of Collagen I and α-SMA positive protein,the mRNA expression levels of PCNA and Bcl-2,and the protein expression levels of Smo,Gli-1,Shh and Ptch in berberine low-,medium-and high-dose groups were significantly decreased,while the apoptosis rate and the mRNA expression level of Bax were significantly increased(P＜0.05)in a dose-dependent manner.Compared with the high-dose berberine group,the proliferation rate of HSC-T6 cells,the positive proteins expression of Collagen Ⅰ and α-SMA,the mRNA expression levels of PCNA and Bcl-2,and the protein expression levels of Smo,Gli-1,Shh and Ptch in the high-dose berberine+purmorphamine group were significantly increased,while the apoptosis rate and the mRNA expression level of Bax were significantly decreased(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Berberine promotes TGF-β1-induced apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells and inhibits their proliferation and activation by regulating Hedgehog signaling pathway.

A rapid analytical method for simultaneous determination of 32 kinds of multi-residue veterinary drugs in eggs was developed using a modified QuEChERS technique based on a reduced graphene oxide-coated melamine sponge(r-GO@MeS)by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The influences of graphene oxide(GO)concentrations,sponge dosages,and purification modes on drug recoveries were investigated during the purification process.The optimal purification conditions involved using a GO concentration of 0.5 mg/mL,a sponge dosage of 6.0 cm3/mL,and a dynamic purification mode of 5 extrusion cycles.Separation was achieved using an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 RRHD column(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm),and quantitative analysis was performed by the external standard method using an electrospray ionization source(ESI)in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode.The results showed that all 32 kinds of veterinary drugs exhibited good linear correlation with coefficients greater than 0.999,and matrix effects(MEs)ranging from?7.8%to 18.9%.The limits of detection(LODs)and quantification(LOQs)ranged from 0.2 to 10.2 μg/kg and from 0.6 to 28.0 μg/kg,respectively.The recoveries for the three spiked levels were in the range of 66.5%?117.5%,with intra-day and inter-day precision(Relative standard deviation)below 13.3%and 16.3%,respectively.The synthetic r-GO@MeS exhibited efficient matrix purification without the need of high-speed centrifugation or strong magnetic field assistance.This significantly shorted the sample pretreatment time and improved the convenience of the matrix purification process.Combined with UPLC-MS/MS,the method was suitable for the rapid determination of multi-residue veterinary drugs in eggs.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and prognosis of different surgical approaches in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 101 patients with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) who underwent surgical treatment at the Department of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, from Feb. 2009 to Nov. 2023. The patients included 36 males and 75 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:2.1. The median age of the patients was 47 years old, with an age range of 21 to 72 years old. The study divided participants into two groups based on their surgical methods: an observation group (78 cases) and a control group (23 cases). The observation group received surgical methods in accordance with expert consensus, while the control group did not. The study compared the efficacy and prognosis of the two groups.Results:Statistical differences were found between the two groups in terms of stage II and III in TNM staging, intraoperative frozen pathological findings, number of lymph node resections in the central group, number of lymph node metastases in the central group, number of lymph node resections in the lateral cervical region, postoperative follow-up time, and five-year postoperative serum procalcitonin (Ctn) levels ( P<0.05) .Both groups of patients obtained a significant decrease in Ctn after surgical treatment. In the observation group, Ctn was at the remission level in 57 cases (73.1%), at the stable level in 13 cases (16.7%), and at the progression level in 8 cases (10.2%), while in the control group, Ctn was at the remission level in 20 cases (86.9%), at the progression level in 3 cases (13.1%), and there were no patients at the stable level after the operation.One patient (1.3 per cent) in the observation group had a recurrence after surgery; Two patients (8.7 per cent) in the control group had a recurrence. Conclusions:Standardised and thorough surgery can maximise the clearance of metastatic lymph nodes, effectively reduce the recurrence rate, achieve better efficacy, and improve the long-term prognosis of patients without increasing the risk of surgery and postoperative complications.