Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is a serious pulmonary vascular disease with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.As a non-invasive screening technique,lung ventilation/perfusion imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis,disease assessment and treatment decision-makings in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.This article comprehensively analyzes the application of lung ventilation/perfusion imaging in the diagnosis and evaluation of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension,and discusses its technical principles,advantages,and potential directions for future technical development.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of miR-15b-5p involving in depression-like behavior in Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods:(1) Eighteen C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into PD group, intervention group and control group ( n=6). PD models in PD group were established by stereotaxically injecting 0.25 mg/kg rotenone into the right striatum; mice in the intervention group were injected with 0.25 mg/kg rotenone and miR-15b-5p inhibitor lentivirus, while mice in the control group were injected with equal volume of PBS. Four weeks after that, open field test and rotarod test were performed to evaluate the motor ability, and sucrose preference and forced swimming tests were performed to evaluate the depression-like behaviors. And then, proteins and miRNAs in the substantia nigra were extracted; real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the miR-15b-5p expression,and Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining were used to detect the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) protein expressions. (2) The 100 nmol/L miR-15b-5p mimic/inhibitor and their negative control sequences were transfected into SH-SY5Y cells on 6-well plates (named miR-15b-5p mimic group, miR-15b-5p mimic control group, miR-15b-5p inhibitor group and miR-15b-5p inhibitor control group, respectively); 48 h after that, BDNF, TrkB and PSD95 protein expressions were detected by Western blotting and miR-15b-5p expression by qRT-PCR. (3) The 100 ng BDNF 3'-UTR wild-type or mutant luciferase reporter vector plasmids and 100 nmol/L miR-15b-5p mimic/inhibitor or their negative control sequences were co-transfected into SH-SY5Y cells on 24-well plates, and luciferase reporter activity assay was performed 48 h after co-transfection to detect the luciferase activity. Results:(1) Compared with the control group, the PD group had significantly reduced movement speed, shortened rotarod drop latency, decreased percentage of sucrose preference, and prolonged immobility time ( P<0.05); compared with the PD group, the intervention group had significantly increased movement speed, prolonged rotarod drop latency, increased percentage of sucrose preference, and shortened immobility time ( P<0.05). (2) Compared with the miR-15b-5p mimic control group, the miR-15b-5p mimic group had significantly increased miR-15b-5p expression, and decreased BDNF, TrkB and PSD95 protein expressions (100.00±5.75 vs. 66.79±5.90; 100.00±5.95 vs. 84.46±5.77; 100.00±7.02 vs. 80.43±3.25, P<0.05). Compared with the miR-15b-5p inhibitor control group, the miR-15b-5p inhibitor group had significantly decreased miR-15b-5p expression, and increased BDNF, TrkB and PSD95 expressions (100.00±6.81 vs. 119.90±5.66; 100.00±2.88 vs. 110.10±4.15; 100.00±2.19 vs. 124.60±11.69, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, PD group had significantly increased miR-15b-5p expression, and significantly decreased TH, BDNF, TrkB and PSD95 expressions and BDNF fluorescent intensity (100.00±9.20 vs. 63.60±12.80; 100.00±9.88 vs. 71.95±10.00; 100.00±5.16 vs. 70.37±8.43; 100.00±7.01 vs. 68.12±10.22; 100.00±12.99 vs. 48.23±12.58) in the substantia nigra ( P<0.05); compared with the PD group, the intervention group had significantly lower miR-15b-5p expression and increased TH, BDNF, TrkB and PSD95 expressions and BDNF fluorescent intensity (63.60±12.80 vs. 90.69±9.84; 71.95±10.00 vs. 93.31±4.50; 70.37±8.43 vs. 88.11±4.10; 68.12±10.22 vs. 89.59±5.93; 48.23±12.58 vs. 83.65±10.52) in the substantia nigra ( P<0.05). (3) Compared with the BDNF 3'-UTR wild-type+miR-15b-5p mimic control group, the BDNF 3'-UTR wild-type+miR-15b-5p mimic group had significantly decreased luciferase activity (100.00±5.07 vs. 90.59±1.75, P<0.05); compared with the BDNF 3'-UTR wild-type+miR-15b-5p inhibitor control group, the BDNF 3'-UTR wild-type+miR-15b-5p inhibitor group had significantly increased luciferase activity (100.00±5.08 vs. 152.20±31.87, P<0.05). Conclusion:MiR-15b-5p is involved in depression-like behavior in PD by down-regulating the BDNF/TrkB/PSD95 expressions.

The stimulator of interferon genes(STING),an integral adaptor protein in the DNA-sensing pathway,plays a pivotal role in the innate immune response against infections.Additionally,it presents a valuable therapeutic target for infectious diseases and cancer.We observed that fangchinoline(Fan),a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid(BBA),effectively impedes the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV),encephalomyocarditis virus(EMCV),influenza A virus(H1 N1),and herpes simplex virus-1(HSV-1)in vitro.Fan treatment significantly reduced the viral load,attenuated tissue inflammation,and improved survival in a viral sepsis mouse model.Mechanistically,Fan activates the antiviral response in a STING-dependent manner,leading to increased expression of interferon(1FN)and interferon-stimulated genes(ISGs)for potent antiviral effects in vivo and in vitro.Notably,Fan interacts with STING,preventing its degradation and thereby extending the activation of IFN-based antiviral responses.Collectively,our findings highlight the potential of Fan,which elicits antiviral immunity by suppressing STING degra-dation,as a promising candidate for antiviral therapy.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is a serious pulmonary vascular disease with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.As a non-invasive screening technique,lung ventilation/perfusion imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis,disease assessment and treatment decision-makings in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.This article comprehensively analyzes the application of lung ventilation/perfusion imaging in the diagnosis and evaluation of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension,and discusses its technical principles,advantages,and potential directions for future technical development.

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of alantolactone (ALT) on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human osteosarcoma 143B cells and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Osteosarcoma 143B cells were treated with different concentrations of ALT (0, 4, 6, 8, 10 µmol/L). Then, the cell proliferation ability was detected by crystal violet staining and MTT assay, cell migration was determined by Wound-healing test, cell invasion was analyzed by Transwell assay and cell apoptosis rate was detected by Hoechst33258 staining. The mRNA and protein expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 (c-caspase-3), poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and cleaved PARP (c-PARP) in 143B cells were detected by qPCR and Western blotting (WB), respectively. TCF/LEF (T cell lymphocyte factor/lymphoid enhancer factor) transcriptional activity was examined with Luciferase reporter gene assay. The mRNA and protein expressions of β-catenin as well as MMP-7 and c-Myc were detected by qPCR and WB, respectively. Results: ALT inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma143B cells and promoted apoptosis(P<0.05or P<0.01). After the treatment with ALT at 8, 10 µmol/L, the mRNA and protein expressions of E-cadherin and PARP, as well as the protein expressions of c-caspase-3 and c-PARP were up-regulated, while the mRNA and protein expressions of N-cadherin were downregulated (P<0.05 or P<0.01);At the sametime, theTCF/LEF transcriptional activity and the mRNA and protein expressions of β-catenin, MMP-7 and c-Myc were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:ALT may inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion and promote cell apoptosis possibly through suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in osteosarcoma 143B cells.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on tumor metastasis in mouse model bearing melanoma xenograft.

METHODSMice bearing murine melanoma B16-F10 cell xenograft were randomized for sham-HIFU or HIFU exposure when the tumors grew to a maximum diameter of 7-10 mm, and the tumor size was measured every 3 days. The cumulative survival rate of the mice and tumor metastasis rate were calculated, and the circulating melanoma cells were detected using qRT-PCR. At 14 days after HIFU treatment, B16-F10 cells were retransplanted via the tail vein and the pulmonary metastatic nodules were counted.

RESULTSThe median survival time of the mice was 19.00 days (95% CI 17.14-20.86 days) in the sham group and 26.00 days (95%CI 24.76-27.25 days) in HIFU group. The cumulative survival rate in the HIFU group was significantly higher than that in sham-HIFU group (P<0.01), and the tumor size was significantly smaller in HIFU group at 20, 23, and 26 days after HIFU treatment (P<0.05). Compared with the sham-HIFU group, HIFU group had significantly lower levels of MAGE-A3, MART1 and PAX3 at 7 days after HIFU (P<0.05) with still lower MAGE-A3 level at 14 days (P<0.05). HIFU group showed a significantly smaller number of pulmonary metastatic nodules following tumor cell retransplantation than in sham-HIFU group (P<0.01) with a metastasis inhibition rate of 42.4%.

CONCLUSIONHIFU treatment can inhibit tumor metastasis in melanoma-bearing mice possibly by reducing tumor cell detachment from the primary tumor site and suppressing colonization of the circulating melanoma cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on tumor metastasis in mouse model bearing melanoma xenograft. Methods Mice bearing murine melanoma B16-F10 cell xenograft were randomized for sham-HIFU or HIFU exposure when the tumors grew to a maximum diameter of 7-10 mm, and the tumor size was measured every 3 days. The cumulative survival rate of the mice and tumor metastasis rate were calculated, and the circulating melanoma cells were detected using qRT-PCR. At 14 days after HIFU treatment, B16-F10 cells were retransplanted via the tail vein and the pulmonary metastatic nodules were counted. Results The median survival time of the mice was 19.00 days (95 % CI 17.14-20.86 days) in the sham group and 26.00 days (95%CI 24.76-27.25 days) in HIFU group. The cumulative survival rate in the HIFU group was significantly higher than that in sham-HIFU group (P<0.01), and the tumor size was significantly smaller in HIFU group at 20, 23, and 26 days after HIFU treatment (P<0.05). Compared with the sham-HIFU group, HIFU group had significantly lower levels of MAGE-A3, MART1 and PAX3 at 7 days after HIFU (P<0.05) with still lower MAGE-A3 level at 14 days (P<0.05). HIFU group showed a significantly smaller number of pulmonary metastatic nodules following tumor cell retransplantation than in sham-HIFU group (P<0.01) with a metastasis inhibition rate of 42.4%. Conclusion HIFU treatment can inhibit tumor metastasis in melanoma-bearing mice possibly by reducing tumor cell detachment from the primary tumor site and suppressing colonization of the circulating melanoma cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on tumor metastasis in mouse model bearing melanoma xenograft. Methods Mice bearing murine melanoma B16-F10 cell xenograft were randomized for sham-HIFU or HIFU exposure when the tumors grew to a maximum diameter of 7-10 mm, and the tumor size was measured every 3 days. The cumulative survival rate of the mice and tumor metastasis rate were calculated, and the circulating melanoma cells were detected using qRT-PCR. At 14 days after HIFU treatment, B16-F10 cells were retransplanted via the tail vein and the pulmonary metastatic nodules were counted. Results The median survival time of the mice was 19.00 days (95 % CI 17.14-20.86 days) in the sham group and 26.00 days (95%CI 24.76-27.25 days) in HIFU group. The cumulative survival rate in the HIFU group was significantly higher than that in sham-HIFU group (P<0.01), and the tumor size was significantly smaller in HIFU group at 20, 23, and 26 days after HIFU treatment (P<0.05). Compared with the sham-HIFU group, HIFU group had significantly lower levels of MAGE-A3, MART1 and PAX3 at 7 days after HIFU (P<0.05) with still lower MAGE-A3 level at 14 days (P<0.05). HIFU group showed a significantly smaller number of pulmonary metastatic nodules following tumor cell retransplantation than in sham-HIFU group (P<0.01) with a metastasis inhibition rate of 42.4%. Conclusion HIFU treatment can inhibit tumor metastasis in melanoma-bearing mice possibly by reducing tumor cell detachment from the primary tumor site and suppressing colonization of the circulating melanoma cells.

According to the constructivism approach, instructors have to adapt to the role of fa-cilitators but not teachers. Whereas a teacher gives a didactic lecture that covers the subject matter , a fa-cilitator helps the learner to get to his or her own understanding of the content. In the former scenario the learner plays a passive role and in the latter scenario the learner plays an active role in the learning pro-cess. Under the guidance of this theory, a multi-dimension teaching model based on classroom teaching, network platform and innovate experiments has been established in the course of basis of clinical labora-tory. It has been found that this model is conducive to raising students' interests in learning and to culti-vating student's comprehensive quality.

Objectives To analysis the prevalence and major risk factors of common chronic diseases among adult residents in the city zone of Shaoyang. To formulate and evaluate the measures of health intervention. Methods Using multistage stratified random sampling, 5267 residents aged 18 or above from 26 communities of Shaoyang were invited to participate in the survey, which was 1.24% of Shaoyang municipal residents. Questionnaire, physical examination, biochemistry test and B-ultrasonography on the liver and cholecystis were undertaken. Health intervention and evaluation was undertaken too. Results The prevalence of hypertension, fatty liver, cholelithiasis, high blood sugar, dystipidemia and overweight obesity was respectively 22.0% , 24.2%, 7.4%, 8.2%, 43.7%, 47.6%. The prevalence of hypertension, high blood sugar, dystipidemia and overweight obesity was down respectively significatively to 19.6%, 5.0%,35.6% and41.1% after intervention(P<0.05). Conclusions There is a high prevalence of common chronic diseases in the city zone of Shaoyang, which can be effectively reduced through health management programme.