Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Meishan City, Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2024, so as to provide the evidence for optimizing regional PTB prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data on PTB cases in Meishan City from 2011 to 2024 were collected through the Tuberculosis Management Information System of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the temporal, population, and regional distribution characteristics of PTB cases. The average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change (APC) were used to analyze the trend in incidence of PTB in Meishan City from 2011 to 2024. Results: From 2011 to 2024, a total of 23 405 PTB cases were reported in Meishan City, with an average annual reported incidence of 58.21/105, showing an overall downward trend (AAPC=-3.132%, P<0.05). Specifically, a declining trend was observed from 2011 to 2014 (APC=-11.724%, P<0.05), no statistically significant change from 2014 to 2020 (APC=-1.773%, P>0.05), and an increasing trend from 2020 to 2024 (APC=7.493%, P<0.05). There were 16 881 male cases (72.13%) and 6 524 female cases (27.87%). The predominant group was aged 21-<60 years, with 12 527 cases (53.52%). The proportion of PTB cases in the ≥60 years group increased from 38.44% in 2011 to 63.26% in 2024, showing an upward trend (AAPC=4.672%, P<0.05). Farmers/migrant workers constituted the predominant occupational group, with 18 522 cases (79.14%). The proportion decreased from 81.80% in 2011 to 73.00% in 2024, showing a downward trend (AAPC=-0.745%, P<0.05). Renshou County and Dongpo District had the highest number of reported PTB cases, with 8 814 and 7 052 cases, accounting for 37.66% and 30.13%, respectively. The proportion of PTB cases in Renshou County decreased from 13.72% in 2011 to 5.27% in 2024, showing a downward trend (AAPC=-5.898%, P<0.05). Conclusions From 2011 to 2024, the overall incidence of PTB in Meishan City showed a downward trend. Males, the elderly, and farmers/migrant workers were high-risk population. Renshou County and Dongpo District were high-incidence areas.

Objective Our study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and dynamic trends of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in Sichuan,the second most heavily affected province in China,and to explore future interventions. Methods The epidemiological,behavioral,and population census data from multiple sources were analyzed to extract inputs for an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic model (AEM). Baseline curves,derived from historical trends in HIV prevalence,were used,and the AEM was employed to examine future intervention scenarios. Results In 2015,the modeled data suggested an adult HIV prevalence of 0.191％ in Sichuan,with an estimated 128,766 people living with HIV/AIDS and 16,983 individuals with newly diagnosed infections. Considering current high-risk behaviors,the model predicts an increase in the adult prevalence to 0.306％ by 2025,projecting an estimated 212,168 people living with HIV/AIDS and 16,555 individuals with newly diagnosed infections. Conclusion Heterosexual transmission will likely emerge as the primary mode of AIDS transmission in Sichuan. Furthermore,we anticipate a stabilization in the incidence of AIDS with a concurrent increase in prevalence. Implementing comprehensive intervention measures aimed at high-risk groups could effectively alleviate the spread of AIDS in Sichuan.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of intensive intervention on negative spouses in sero-discordant couples.Methods:From December 2019 to December 2020, all HIV sero-discordant couples in seven townships in Butuo County of Liangshan were enrolled and divided into intensive intervention group and routine intervention group. Both intensive intervention and routine intervention were conducted for one year. Baseline survey and follow-up were conducted respectively with a questionnaire survey and a serological testing in HIV sero-discordant couples in the two groups at 6 th month before and after the interventions. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model and difference-in-difference model were used to evaluate the effect of the intensive intervention. Results:A total of 899 sero-discordant couples were enrolled (393 of intensive intervention group and 506 of routine intervention group), in whom 806 completed the follow up survey (349 of intensive intervention group and 457 of routine intervention group). Compared with routine intervention, intensive intervention had no effect to improve the correct answer rate of an AIDS related question in negative spouses ( P>0.05), but could improve their awareness of AIDS related knowledge ( β=1.40, P=0.008). Compared with routine intervention, intensive intervention could reduce the frequency of sex between HIV sero-discordant couples ( β=-0.73, P=0.021), and increase the frequency of condom use ( β=0.19, P=0.007), but had no effect to decrease the positive conversion rate in negative spouses ( β=-0.61, OR=0.55,95% CI:0.18-1.66, P=0.294). Conclusions:The intensive interventions could improve the awareness of AIDS related knowledge in negative spouses in sero-disordant couples and promote their safe sexual behavior, but had no effect to decrease the positive conversion in negative spouses. It is necessary to continue the intensive intervention and follow up to evaluate the effects of the intervention.

Objective:In general, patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are considered to show an aggressive disease course. However, the relationship between the two subgroups in disease severity is controversial. Our study is aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis of double-seropositive and seronegative RA in China through a real-world large scale study.Methods:RA patients who met the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria or the 2010 ACR/European Anti-Rheumatism Alliance RA classification criteria, and who attended the 10 hospitals across the country from September 2015 to January 2020, were enrolled. According to the serological status, patients were divided into 4 subgroups [rheumatoid factor (RF)(-) anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody (-), RF(+), RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+), anti-CCP antibody(+)] and compared the disease characteristics and treatment response. One-way analysis of variance was used for measurement data that conformed to normal distribution, Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for measurement data that did not conform to normal distribution; paired t test was used for comparison before and after treatment within the group if the data was normally distributed else paired rank sum test was used; χ2 test was used for count data. Results:① A total of 2 461 patients were included, including 1 813 RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) patients (73.67%), 129 RF(+) patients (5.24%), 245 RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) patients (9.96%), 74 anti-CCP antibody(+) patients (11.13%). ② Regardless of the CCP status, RF(+) patients had an early age of onset [RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) (51±14) years old, anti-CCP antibody(+) (50±15) years old, RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) (48±14) years old, RF(+)(48±13) years old, F=3.003, P=0.029], longer disease duration [RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) 50 (20, 126) months, anti-CCP antibody(+) 60(24, 150) months, RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) 89(35, 179) months, RF(+) 83(25, 160) months, H=22.001, P<0.01], more joint swelling counts (SJC) [RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) 2(0, 6), Anti-CCP antibody(+) 2(0, 5), RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) 2(0, 7), RF(+) 2(0, 6), H=8.939, P=0.03] and tender joint counts (TJC) [RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) 3(0, 8), anti-CCP antibody(+) 2(0, 6), RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) 3(1, 9), RF(+) 2(0, 8), H=11.341, P=0.01] and the morning stiff time was longer [RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) 30(0, 60) min, anti-CCP antibody(+) 20(0, 60) min, RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) 30(10, 60) min, RF(+) 30(10, 60) min, H=13.32, P<0.01]; ESR [RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) 17(9, 38) mm/1 h, anti-CCP antibody(+) 20(10, 35) mm/1 h, RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) 26(14, 45) mm/1 h, RF(+) 28(14, 50) mm/1 h, H=37.084, P<0.01] and CRP [RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) 2.3 (0.8, 15.9) mm/L, Anti-CCP antibody(+) 2.7(0.7, 12.1) mm/L, RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) 5.2(1.3, 17.2) mm/L, RF (+) 5.2(0.9, 16.2) mm/L, H=22.141, P<0.01] of the RF(+)patients were significantly higher than RF(-) patients, and RF(+) patients had higher disease severity(DAS28-ESR) [RF(-) anti-CCP antibody(-) (4.0±1.8), anti-CCP antibody(+) (3.8±1.6), RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) (4.3±1.8), RF(+) (4.1±1.7), F=7.269, P<0.01]. ③ The RF(+) anti-CCP antibody(+) patients were divided into 4 subgroups, and it was found that RF-H anti-CCP antibody-L patients had higher disease severity [RF-H anti-CCP antibody-H 4.3(2.9, 5.6), RF-L anti-CCP antibody-L 4.5(3.0, 5.7), RF-H anti-CCP antibody-L 4.9(3.1, 6.2), RF-L anti-CCP antibody-H 2.8(1.8, 3.9), H=20.374, P<0.01]. ④ After 3-month follow up, the clinical characteristics of the four groups were improved, but there was no significant difference in the improvement of the four groups, indicating that the RF and anti-CCP antibody status did not affect the remission within 3 months. Conclusion:Among RA patients, the disease activity of RA patients is closely related to RF and the RF(+) patients have more severe disease than RF(-) patients. Patients with higher RF titer also have more severe disease than that of patients with low RF titer. After 3 months of medication treatment, the antibody status does not affect the disease remission rate.

Zika virus (ZIKV) was an emergent flavivirus transmitted by Aedes genus mosquitoes and made an explosive outbreak in Latin America in 2015.A few months later,an obvious increase in the number of microcephaly neonates has been observed,which might be related to ZIKV infection during the mothers' pregnancy.Since then,researchers in many countries and territories have been working on the causal link between ZIKV and microcephaly and have made a number of achievements.To summarize the most recent evidence and the contribution of Chinese researchers on this issue,and to provide perspectives and challenges for future studies,we reviewed the literature of both microcephaly and ZIKV.Based on previous research results,ZIKV has been preliminarily proved to be the direct cause of microcephaly in newborns and Chinese researchers have made many important discoveries in the pathogenesis of microcephaly.Even so,future researches should also further investigate the mechanism of ZIKV-related microcephaly to advance the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence,and the factors that influence depressive symptoms among chronic respiratory disease patients in tertiary hospital.Methods:A total of 1713 outpatients and inpatients with chronic respiratory disease were selected from 8 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province from July to September,2014 and screened according to the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-D (HADS-D).A questionnaire developed by this research group,was used to collect demographic and clinical information.Logistic regression was used to identify factors that were associated with depressive symptoms.Results:The overall rate of depressive symptoms was 46.0％.Multiple logistic analysis showed that spinsterhood (OR ＝ 0.45),higher education level (middle school /high school/technical school OR ＝0.65;college degree or aboveOR ＝0.28),BMI ≥24 (OR ＝0.71) were associated with decreased risk of depressive symptoms (P ＜ 0.05).B MI ＜ 18.5 (OR ＝ 1.52,),average income of family ≥10000 RMB (OR ＝ 1.37-1.96),limited daily activities (OR ＝ 1.72),poorer sleep quality (OR ＝ 1.45),and negative life events (OR ＝ 1.62) were associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:The prevalence of depressive symptoms among chronic respiratory disease patients in tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province was higher.Marital status,education level,income,BMI,limited daily activities,subjective sleep quality,negative life events may be the related factors of depressive symptoms of chronic respiratory diseases patients.

Objective To understand how social and cultural factors influence sexual perceptions, sexual practices, and HIV transmission among men who have sex with men at selected sites in China. Methods Qualitative methodology was used and face to face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted from April 2013 to October 2015 in Sichuan, Jiangxi, Henan, Heilongjiang provinces and Chongqing municipality of China. Results A total of 184 men who have sex with men participated in the interviews. Forty-eight originated from Henan Province, and 12, 50, 47, and 27 from Jiangxi, Heilongjiang, Sichuan provinces and Chongqing municipality, respectively. A total of 122 participants (66.3%) were under 30 years of age, 111 were college graduates (61.3%), 140 were unmarried (76.5%), and 74 were HIV positive (40.2%). Among interviewees, 6% (11 MSM) were employed at nongovernmental organizations. The main findings revealed that:Owing to sociocultural influences and social norms, most homosexual men concealed their sexual orientation and married females so as to fulfill their family obligation;this may encourage HIV transmission from a high-risk population to the general population; the main features of male homosexual behaviors, as well as those of the associated community and subculture, included hedonism, less concern about health, drug abuse, encouraging of high risk behaviors among men who have sex with men, and negative attitudes regarding HIV prevention; subgroups among MSM were found to have differential HIV transmission risk behaviors, with young men more vulnerable to infection with HIV. Conclusion Sociocultural factors, including external socioenvironmental circumstances and internal MSM community subcultures, have adverse impacts on HIV transmission among men who have sex with men. Because there were varied behavior modes and HIV transmission risks among MSM subgroups, further study focusing on MSM subgroups is imperative, to provide a basis for more targeted and effective prevention strategies.

Objective To understand how social and cultural factors influence sexual perceptions, sexual practices, and HIV transmission among men who have sex with men at selected sites in China. Methods Qualitative methodology was used and face to face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted from April 2013 to October 2015 in Sichuan, Jiangxi, Henan, Heilongjiang provinces and Chongqing municipality of China. Results A total of 184 men who have sex with men participated in the interviews. Forty-eight originated from Henan Province, and 12, 50, 47, and 27 from Jiangxi, Heilongjiang, Sichuan provinces and Chongqing municipality, respectively. A total of 122 participants (66.3%) were under 30 years of age, 111 were college graduates (61.3%), 140 were unmarried (76.5%), and 74 were HIV positive (40.2%). Among interviewees, 6% (11 MSM) were employed at nongovernmental organizations. The main findings revealed that:Owing to sociocultural influences and social norms, most homosexual men concealed their sexual orientation and married females so as to fulfill their family obligation;this may encourage HIV transmission from a high-risk population to the general population; the main features of male homosexual behaviors, as well as those of the associated community and subculture, included hedonism, less concern about health, drug abuse, encouraging of high risk behaviors among men who have sex with men, and negative attitudes regarding HIV prevention; subgroups among MSM were found to have differential HIV transmission risk behaviors, with young men more vulnerable to infection with HIV. Conclusion Sociocultural factors, including external socioenvironmental circumstances and internal MSM community subcultures, have adverse impacts on HIV transmission among men who have sex with men. Because there were varied behavior modes and HIV transmission risks among MSM subgroups, further study focusing on MSM subgroups is imperative, to provide a basis for more targeted and effective prevention strategies.

Objective To observe the efficacy and adverse reaction of the test drug hepatitis B immunoglobin on the post market.Method Employed by the methods of multiple center's clinical trials and using the recommended dosage of hepatitis B immunoglobulin for intravenous administration,the clinical efficacy of either prevention or treatment for hepatitis B recurrence and drug related adverse reactions were observed.This consisted of 22.1 months,13 hospitals,and 525 patients with hepatitis B related liver transplantation.Result The results showed a contrasting probability of adverse reactions for different doses among the observation period.Within 6 months postoperatively with a greater or equal to recommended drug dose,the infection rate was less than 4％.In contrast,the infection rate was greater than 12％ in the group with less than the recommended drug dose.Conclusion There was an obvious dose effect relationship,and the drug safety and recommended treatment rationality were verified.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of depressive and/or anxiety symptom and disorder in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) in the general hospitals.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four main cities in China in 2004.359 eligible subjects with CHD were recruited from the outpatient or inpatient departments within six months.Face-to-face interviews were used in data collection together with the self-completed HAD scale for depressive and/or anxiety symptom screening.Subjects getting a HAD score of 9 and above were further assessed for depressive and/or anxiety disorders with HAMA scales and HAMD scales by the licensed psychologists or psychiatrists.Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms,anxiety symptoms,depressive and anxiety symptoms,and total depressive and/or anxiety symptoms were 19.8%,16.7%,13.6% and 22.8% respectively in patients with CHD.Less than 4% of the subjects had been diagnosed or treated for the depressive or anxiety disorders prior to the investigation.In inpatients,the diagnosis and treatment rate was low to less than 1% during the current admission.Conclusion: It was noticeable to health care providers and health policy makers that there was high prevalence of depressive and/or anxiety symptoms and depressive and/or anxiety disorders,and low percentages of previous diagnosis and treatment in patients with CHD in general hospitals.