OBJECTIVE To compare the anti-thymic atrophy effects of petroleum ether(PEE), ethyl acetate(EAE), n-butanol(BE) and water extract(WE) fractions from root tubers of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et. Gilg based on mice thymic atrophy model established by intraperitoneal injection of PolyI:C to preliminarily investigate the mechanisms of its effects. METHODS One hunderd ICR mice were randomly divided into 10 groups: control group, model group, low- and high-dose groups of the four extract fractions, with 10 mice in each group. The control group and model group were given equal volume of purified water and gavaged for 10 d. Starting on the 9th day, PolyI:C solution of 16 mg·kg−1 was injected intraperitoneally for 2 consecutive days, except for the control group, which was injected intraperitoneally with physiological saline. Samples of thymics were weighed and and visceral index was calculated, blood samples were taken for analysis of IL-2, TNF-α and WBC, thymic histopathology was analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin staining, Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of TNF-α, p-NF-κB and NF-κB. RESULTS Compared with the model group, all groups of extracts could enhance the thymus weight and thymus index, as well as the cortex and medulla area ratio and the number of thymic corpuscles in 1 mm2 of medulla to different degrees, and at the same time, significantly reduce the level of TNF-α in plasma, evidently inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB, and reduced the protein expression of TNF-α, and each of them having distinct advantages and disadvantages. Peripheral blood white blood cell, lymphocyte absolute count and lymphocyte percentage were elevated in the low-dose WE group, low-dose EAE group and high dose PEE group, IL-2 levels were significantly elevated in the low-dose WE group and high dose BE group, and these effects were particularly well demonstrated. CONCLUSION Four extracts from root tubers of Tetrastigma Hemsleyanum Diels et. Gilg can improve morphological changes and atrophy of the thymus tissue in different degrees, regulate of peripheral blood leukocyte imbalance in post-modeling mice, it may be related to the inhibition of PolyI:C-induced phosphorylation of the NF-κB and reduction of protein expression of pro-inflammatory factors.

Ganoderma lucidum is one of the widely-used traditional Chinese medicines.Ganoderma lucidum extract and Ganoderma spore powder are also widely used in foods,health care and cosmetics,and are highly favored by consumers.Ganoderic acid A is one of the main effective components of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids.In recent years,a large number of studies have proved that ganoderic acid A has anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory,hepatoprotection,hypolipidemic,renoprotective properties,and has therapeutic potential in psychiatric and neurological disorders.,which has high medicinal value and good prospects for development.Based on review of domestic and foreign literatures in recent years,the new research progress in pharmacology of ganoderic acid A is summarized in this paper in order to provide references for its further development and clinical applications.

This paper summarized professor ZHANG Boli's experience in treating stubborn bi （痹） with the herbal pair of Ruxiang （Olibanum）- Moyao （Myrrha）. The basic pathogenesis of stubborn bi is channel and collateral stasis and obstruction. Ruxiang and Moyao are thus used in mutual reinforcement to rectify qi and diffuse bi， activate blood and relieve pain， thereby removing static and obstructed qi and blood， unblocking the obstructed channels and colla-terals， which is especially suitable for stubborn bi caused by channel and collateral obstruction. In clinical practice， the herbal pair of Ruxiang-Moyao is used together with qi-moving and blood-activating medicinals to treat chest bi by expelling stasis and diffusing stagnation， dissipating cold and unblocking vessels. To treat long-term wither and weakness in late stage of stroke， the medicinals of boosting qi and invigorating blood， unblocking channels and venting collaterals can be added to the herbal pair so as to soothe and drain vessels and collaterals， harmonize and regulate qi and blood. Simiao Yongan Decoction （四妙勇安汤） can be integrated in the treatment of vessel bi by moving qi and dissolving stasis， and for the long-term stubborn vessel bi， integrated internal and external treatment is suggested by external use of Ruxiang-Moyao to vent bi with aromatics. Moreover， it is emphasized to use the herbal pair of Ruxiang-Moyao in accordance with indications and cautions.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of the varicella vaccine immunization strategy in Shanghai， and to provide evidence for enhancing prevention and control measures by analyzing the incidence and trends of varicella in Songjiang District， Shanghai from 2013 to 2021. MethodsA descriptive analysis was conducted on 12 417 varicella cases reported in Songjiang District between 2013 and 2021. The epidemiological distribution of varicella cases was described， and the incidence rates were compared among different demographic variables， including registered residence， gender， age， and occupation. ResultsA total of 12 417 varicella cases were reported in Songjiang District from 2013 to 2021，with an average annual incidence of 77.03/10⁵. The incidence of varicella showed an increasing trend from 2013 to 2017 （χ²_trend=19.39， P<0.001）， followed by a subsequent decrease from 2017 to 2021（χ²_trend=758.62， P<0.001）. Varicella cases demonstrated significant seasonal variation， with peak incidences occurring in April to May and November to January of the following year. The incidence rate among local residents was higher than that among non-local residents （χ²=2 935.58， P<0.001）. Most （38.59%） of the cases were students aged between 5 and 9 years old， accounting for 23.45% of the total cases. However， the age distribution of cases varied over the years （χ²=615.57， P<0.001）， and the incidence among children aged 5 to 9 years showed a declining trend since 2017. ConclusionThe overall incidence of varicella in Songjiang District exhibites a declining trend in recent years. Although varicella primarily affects children， there have notable changes in the age distribution. Adjustment of the immunization strategy for varicella vaccines in Shanghai effectively reduces the proportion of school-age subjects.

Objective:To explore the effect of scientific research group-based model on the improvement of nursing scientific research ability in a county-level hospital.Methods:A nursing research group was established, the composition of team members and work contents of the group were clarified, tiered focused scientific research training was implemented through progressive research content and flexible training methods, and individual and progressive research guidance was provided through research counseling application forms, while literature reading activities were conducted through article reports and literature debriefings. Retrospective analysis of the nursing research practice, the number of scientific research outputs, and research capacity were applied to evaluate the effect of the nursing research group-based model.Results:Within 2 years of the establishment of the nursing research group, 37 training programs were conducted, 33 scientific research materials were pushed to the WeChat public account, 23 scientific research projects were tutored, and 6 research projects were successfully declared. The scientific research ability score of nursing staff participating in literature reading debriefing increased from 44.24±19.12 to 53.57±13.86( P<0.001). Conclusions:The application of the nursing research group-based model can improve the nursing scientific research ability of the county-level hospital.

Measles is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the measles virus. It is highly infectious and easy to occur in children. It causes many serious complications such as tracheitis， otitis media and pneumonia. Since the promotion of the measles vaccine in China， the measles epidemic has been effectively controlled. From June 1， 2020， the immunization procedure of measles-containing vaccine for children in Shanghai has been adjusted to one dose of measles， mumps and rubella combined live attenuated vaccine （MMR） at the age of 8 months， 18 months and 6 years. There is generally no local reaction after the injection of the MMR vaccine. A few individuals may have transient fever and scattered rash， which generally fade away by themselves. However， because it is a live vaccine， it may cause vaccine related diseases in extremely rare cases. This paper reports two cases of measles after vaccination with the MMR vaccine.

Objective:To propose a markless patient setup workflow based on the optical surface monitoring system (AlignRT) and open-face mask immobilization for whole-course head tumor radiotherapy, assess the setup time and repositioning frequency of the proposed workflow, and conduct a comparative analysis of the differences, correlation, and consistency of the setup errors of the AlignRT and cone beam CT (CBCT) systems.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted for the data on the errors of 132 fractionated setup based on open-face mask immobilization of 33 head tumor patients. AlignRT-guided markless patient setup workflow was applied throughout the radiotherapy. Meanwhile, the body structures automatically generated by the treatment planning system were used as body references. The 6-degree-of-freedom (6DoF) setup errors (lateral, vertical, longitudinal, rotation, pitch, roll, and yaw directions), setup time, and repositioning frequency of the AlignRT and CBCT systems were recorded and analyzed. The Wilcoxon and Spearman analyses were used to statistically assess the differences and correlation of the setup errors of the two systems. Moreover, the Bland-Altman analysis was employed to evaluate the consistency of the two systems.Results:The 6DoF setup errors of CBCT were within the clinical tolerance (linear motions: -0.30 to 0.30 cm; rotational motions: -2.0° to 2.0°). The setup time and repositioning frequency of CBCT were (98 ± 31) s and 1.51% (2/132), respectively. There was no significant difference in setup errors between the two systems except those in x-axis ( Z = -3.11, P= 0.002), y-axis ( Z = -7.40, P<0.001), and Pitch ( Z= -4.48, P<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between the setup errors along lateral ( rs = 0.47, P<0.001) and vertical ( rs = 0.29, P = 0.001) directions, rotation (Rtn; rs = 0.47, P<0.001), pitch (Pitch; rs = 0.28, P = 0.001) and roll (Roll; rs = 0.45, P<0.001) of the two systems. The 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) of 6DoF setup errors were -0.12 to 0.09 cm, -0.07 to 0.17 cm, -0.19 to 0.20 cm, -1.0° to 0.9 °, -1.0° to 1.5°, and -0.9° to 1.0°, respectively. The 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 95% LoA was -0.14 to 0.11 cm, -0.09 to 0.19 cm, -0.23 to 0.23 cm, -1.2° to 1.1°, -1.2° to 1.7°, and-1.0° to 1.1°, respectively, all of which were within the permissible error ranges. The 6DoF setup error difference of 3.41% (27/792< 5%) was beyond the 95% LoA. The maximum absolute differences of 6DoF setup errors within the 95% LoA were 0.12, 0.16, 0.19 cm, 0.9°, 1.5°, and 1.0°, respectively. Conclusions:The proposed markless setup workflow based on AlignRT combined with open-face mask immobilization for whole-course head tumor radiotherapy exhibits reasonable agreement and consistency with the patient setup using CBCT, with acceptable clinical efficiency. It can be applied to the first radiotherapy and the real-time monitoring of therapy to improve the safety and thus is of value in clinical applications.

Objective:To analyze and compare the radiation dose and image quality of kilo-voltage cone beam CT systems on different Varian accelerator platforms, providing data to support clinical decisions on selecting optimal protocols for image-guided radiotherapy based on cost-effective ratio (image quality / radiation dose).Methods:The radiation dose and image quality of various CBCT systems and scanning protocols on Varian Edge, Truebeam and ix (new and old) LINACs were obtained using a CT dose index (CTDI) phantom combined with a CT ionization chamber and a Catphan604 phantom, respectively. Figure of merit (FOM) was used to evaluate the cost-effective ratio of the image guidance schemes.Results:Considerable inter-system varieties of FOMs were observed, varying from 0.65 (Image Gently-full trajectory) to 48.46 (Image Gently-half trajectory). The inter-protocol varieties were also large, where the mean±SD was 22.14±13.47.Conclusions:Considering the explicit inter-system and inter-protocol varieties, it is clinically favorable to evaluate the image guidance schemes based on machine-specific measurement. For instance, parameters and equipment with low CTDI w can be beneficial for dose-sensitive patients. High CNR regimen favors patients with high image quality requirements. For ordinary patients, cost-effective ratio in terms of FOM can be very helpful to guide the decision-making of clinical image-guided radiotherapy.

Addition to fat digestion and absorption, bile acids also act as signaling molecules through activating bile acid receptors. Increasing evidences have shown that bile acid receptors are closely related to the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases. TGR5 and FXR play important roles in bile acid metabolism, regulation of glucose utilization, control of energy homeostasis and regulation of immune cell function. Both FXR and TGR5 inhibit gastrointestinal inflammation, however, the former negatively regulates intestinal tumorigenesis, while the latter may be positively related with gastrointestinal tumors. This article reviewed the immune regulatory effects of TGR5 and FXR on gastrointestinal tract.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-lactate) [P(3HB-co-LA)] belongs to the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) family and possesses promising properties including biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, we directly synthesized P(3HB-co-LA) with glucose by introducing the β-ketothiolase and acetoacetyl-CoA reductase from Ralstonia eutropha, the engineered propionate CoA transferase from Clostridium propionicum and the engineered polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase from Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 2P24 into Escherichia coli. The polymer content was 83.9% (W/W), and the molar percentage of lactate reached 1.6%. On this basis, in order to accumulate lactate, we reduced the activity of respiratory chain by deleting the ubiX gene, which is involved in the synthesis of coenzyme Q8. Moreover, we removed the dld gene to avoid the conversion of lactate to pyruvate during the fermentation. With these manipulations, the molar percentage of lactate in the polymer was improved to 14.1%, with an 81.7% (W/W) of polymer content. The test results indicated that the strategy of reducing the activity of respiratory chain effectively increased the lactate units in the polymer, and it contributed a new approach to change the content of monomer components in the polymer.
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid ; Electron Transport ; Escherichia coli ; Lactic Acid ; Metabolic Engineering ; Polyesters