Background: Dysregulation of inflammation underpins chronic cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and neoplastic conditions. Traditional medicine has long utilized medicinal plants to alleviate and treat systemic inflammation. Specifically, Rhodiola rosea L. and Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. possess anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-angiogenic properties. Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects, support musculoskeletal function, and enhance tissue regeneration. Furthermore, Salsola laricifolia Litv. has been studied for its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities. Although the individual anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities of these plants are established, research evaluating the combined effect of their combined extract remains scarce, providing the rationale for this study. Aim: To evaluate the in vitro effects of a combined extract derived from these medicinal plants on the expression of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines. Materials and Methods: A dry combined extract consisting of Rhodiola rosea, Rhodiola quadrifida, Salsola laricifolia, and Saposhnikovia divaricata was prepared at the Chemistry and Technology Sector of the Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Monos Group. An in vitro inflammation model was established using murine RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/mL). Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, while the output of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 was measured via Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. Result: The combined plant extract demonstrated no cytotoxic effects on RAW264.7 cells across the tested concentration range. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, the composite extract dose-dependently and significantly suppressed the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (p<0.001) and IL-6 (p<0.0001). Conclusion 1. The combined extract of Saposhnikovia divaricata, Rhodiola rosea, Rhodiola quadrifida, and Salsola laricifolia exhibited no cytotoxicity in vitro within the range of 50–400 µg/mL. 2. The combined herbal extract significantly suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (p<0.01) and IL-6 (p<0.001) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner.

Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, resulting in decreased bone strength and an increased risk of fragility fractures. Early assessment of BMD is essential for identifying skeletal abnormalities and supporting clinical decision-making. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a widely used, non-invasive method for evaluating BMD at clinically relevant skeletal sites. Aim: To assess bone mineral density using DXA and describe the corresponding T-score and Z-score measurements in adult patients. Materials and Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted from June to October 2026 at the Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Mongolia–Japan Hospital, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Eight patients aged 18 years or older without fractures were included. According to the study records, participants were selected using a random sampling method. Demographic characteristics, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and DXA measurements were recorded. BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), T-scores, and Z-scores were assessed at the lumbar spine, hip, and forearm. Continuous variables were summarized as means and standard deviations, and categorical variables as frequencies and percentages. Results: A total of eight patients were included, comprising five males (62.5%) and three females (37.5%). The mean age was 52.65±7.95 years, and the mean BMI was 31.59±6.32 kg/m². The mean lumbar spine (L1–L4) T-score was 0.35±1.49, and the mean Z-score was 0.97± .36. The lowest reported mean T-score was observed at the left forearm (−1.29±4.34), followed by the right forearm (−1.25±3.87). Measurements were also recorded at the left and right hip regions. The findings were descriptive and were not intended to establish population-level prevalence. Conclusions The demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the eight patients included in the study were assessed. The mean age was 52.65±7.95 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 31.59±6.32 kg/m². Of the participants, 5 (62.5%) were male and 3 (37.5%) were female. The mean BMI of the participants fell within the obesity category. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at the lumbar spine, both hips, and both forearms. The results showed variations in BMD measurements across the different anatomical sites examined. An analysis of the T-scores and Z-scores for each measurement site revealed a mean T-score of 0.35±1.49 and a mean Z-score of 0.97±1.36 at the lumbar spine. At the left hip, the mean T-score was −0.63±1.29 and the mean Z-score was 0.34±1.52, while at the right hip, the mean T-score was −0.63±1.15 and the mean Z-score was 0.31±1.09. The mean T-scores of the forearm were comparatively lower, at −1.29± 4.34 on the left side and −1.25±3.87 on the right side.

Background: Medicinal herbs have been used in traditional medicine to treat systemic inflammatory disease for many years. For instance, Rhodiola rosea L extracts were used to enhance behavioural stresses for improving fatigue and depression. Gallic acid, found in Rhodiola rosea L and Rhodiola quidrifida is, a natural polyphenol, exhibits multiple therapeutic activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-angiogenic effects. Saposhnikovia divaricate (its ethanol extract mainly) notified to support function of musculoskeletal tissue and to enhance tissue regeneration by its anti-inflammatory effect. The Salsola laricifolia L has been studied for its strong antioxidant activity, improve immune function, boost energy, and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. This study allowed us to screen anti-inflammatory effects of medicinal plants and future therapeutic possibility. Aim: To study the content of phenolic compounds (gallic acid) in the composition of complex products of plants widely used in Mongolian traditional medicine, which have been found to have biological activity of the extracts Materials and Methods: The herbal extract was extracted from Rhodiola rosea L, Saposhnikovia divaricata (Tuscz) Schischk, Rhodiola quidrifida Pall.Fisch, Salsola laricifolia Turcz.ex Litv in laboratory of the Drug Research Institute of Monos Group, Mongolia. We used solvents for HPLC grade was used to identify the bioactive components that Gallic acid in the compound plant extract. : Results: The bioactive compounds in each of the Rhodiola rosea L, Rhodiola quadrifida Pall.Fisch and four medicinal plant extracts were identified using HPLC, confirming the presence of Gallic acid. Conclusion Our research results showed that the quantitative content of Gallic acid in the composite plant extract was high, at 1.02%.

Coating agents are used in medicine to protect tablets from air or moisture, to mask bitter tastes, or to provide special characteristics for drug release, such as enteric release. There are three main coatings: sugar coating , film coating, and enteric-coating. In this review, we discuss the status of the most commonly used pharmaceutical film coating materials and data were obtained from electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and other scientific websites. There are various materials for creating a tablet coating, but the most commonly used material is a water soluble polymer which is used for making a water-soluble film coating.

Excipients are important in the composition of drugs and are the most important requirements for maintaining the stability of drug form, dosage, and physicochemical parameters. Excipients act as protective agents, bulking agents and can also be used to improve bioavailability of drugs in some instances Auxiliary substances included in the composition of medicines are classified as natural, animal, synthetic and semisynthetic. Excipients can become inactive due to chemical, microbiological and physiological effects. Commonly used pharmaceutical excipients are fillers, stabilizers, preservatives, flavor and aroma modifiers, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, lubricants, solvents, and coating agents. Excipients can be considered as indispensible component of medicinal products and in most of the formulations they are present in greater proportion with regards to active pharmaceutical ingredient, as it forms the bulk of the formulation it is always necessary to select an excipient which satisfies the ideal properties for a particular excipient. In this review, materials about coating agents widely used in pharmaceutical practice were compiled from electronic databases such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, and other scientific web pages, using keywords such as Drug excipient interaction, Stability in Oral Solid, and Excipient. .

The incorporation of botanical elements such as Inula helenium L., Astragalus mongolicus Bge., Iris tenuifolia Pall., Ribes diacanthum Pall., and Oxytropis pseudoglandulosa Grubov plays a pivotal role in the formulation of immune-enhancing and kidney-protective Mongolian traditional medicines. These herbal constituents bear rich historical significance in traditional remedies. Ensuring the purity of these herbs is a vital stride in the production of efficacious supplements and medications. Thus, meticulous decontamination of microorganisms assumes paramount importance. The selection of an appropriate sterilization method is important for manufacturers. Sterilization methods divide within three main categories: thermal, chemical, and radiation. This spectrum encompasses many techniques, ranging from moist heat and dry heat to gamma irradiation, ethylene oxide, ozone, and UV treatment. This comprehensive review discusses the efficacy of gamma irradiation, dry heat, moist heat, and chemical treatments, presenting a comparative analysis of their merits. Practically, heat sterilization emerges as a simple and cost-efficient choice. The utilization of an autoclave, subjecting powdered spice paprika to temperatures between 108-125°C for 120 seconds, yielded a substantial reduction in microbial load without compromising the integral bioactive compounds. Gamma irradiation, a common practice in the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors, stands as another choice in the area of sterilization techniques. Beyond sterilization, upholding rigorous standards of sanitation and hygiene remains a key in the preparations of medicinal plants.

Sleep fulfills the vital physiological needs of the human body. However, 45 percent of the world’s population suffers from sleep problems.
In this article, Sugmel 3 tan /prescription/ widely used in traditional medicine for insomnia was selected and biologically active compounds and pharmacological activities of the plants included in the prescription were reviewed. Essential oils from fruits of Amomum kravanh Pierre ex Gagnep and Cuminum cyminum L. are considered to relax the body and mind to improve a night of sleep. Pharmacological and clinical studies of piperine isolated from Piper longum L. fruits demonstrated that the compound possessed anti-depression-like activity and cognitive enhancing effect.

Background: Diseases of the digestive system are one of the leading causes of global morbidity, and liver disease is the leading cause, accounting for 52.34% of 100,000 population in Asian countries. In Mongolia, cirrhosis accounted for 32.4% of all liver diseases in 2019.
In traditional medical treatment, liver cirrhosis is included in the scope of chronic diseases and compared with liver’s smug po disease for treatment. In this study, we aimed to clarify the mechanism of action of Tumrinn talkh-7, which is widely used in the treatment of liver diseases, especially in the treatment of liver diseases. Materials and methods: In our study, we used the book named “Oral Instruction Tantra” as main reference material and for research methods, we used the checklist method to list relevant information about the pathogenesis of liver smug po and Tumriin Talkh-7 traditional drug from the literature, so as to provide preconditions for further analysis. The pathogenesis of liver smug po and the action mechanism of Tumriin Talkh-7 were analyzed by theoretical analysis methods and the analysis-synthesis method was used to summarize the analysis results. Results: Due to the hot conditions, the blood heat will increase occur. Due to the cold conditions, food absorption is impaired bad blood is formed in the liver. This is how Smug po disease occurs. Tumriin talkh-7 traditional drugs should be analyzed in relation to the transformation of liver smug po disease.
Iron dust is treating heat liver smug po removed.
Calcitu-CaCO3 is clear phlegm heat.
Dracocephallum foetidum Bge. is cures stomach and liver heat.
Inula helenium L. is equable and cures all liver Smug po diseases.
Saussurea lappa L. is sharp, warm nature, regulating wind-blood disorder.
Trogopterus xanthipes mine Edwards is treating old liver disease.
Carthamus tinctorius L. is saffron cures all liver diseases. Conclusions Pathological blood caused by cold and heat factors leads to liver smug po disease. Tumriin Talkh-7 is a cold drug with the effect of treating hot liver smug po disease.

Introduction: Since 1993, the Inula helenium L. plant has been planted in the production area (Bulgan Province, Dashinchilen Sum) of the Traditional Hatchery Science and Production Corporation’s medicinal plant introduction and cultivation experience. At the Drug Research Institute, there is also a botanical institute for medicinal plants where it is grown. In traditional Mongolian medicine, the roots and rhizomes of Inula helenium L. are used to reduce inflammation, boost immunity, enhance hunger, and improve intestinal motility. Inula helenium L. roots and rhizomes contain biologically active compounds such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, phenols, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. Methods: The roots and rhizomes of Inula helenium L. were extracted with water and 70% ethanol at the following ratios 1:10 (2% of WAC), 1:8, and 1:6 by partial maceration at 700C for 2 hours each, extracted and concentrated. The dry extract was obtained by the spray drying procedure. High-performance liquid chromatography for determining the content of alantolactone, thin-layer chromatography for qualitative analysis. Spectrophotometer for determining the content of polyphenolic compounds, colored compounds with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent for qualitative analysis. Spectrophotometer for determining the content of inulin, and colored compounds with phenol and sulfuric acid solutions for qualitative analysis. Conclusion In determining the content of polyphenolic compounds, inulin, and alantolactone in the dry extract taken from the roots and rhizomes of cultivated Inula helenium L., the content of polyphenolic compound in dry extract A was 2.50±0.08%, and alantolactone was 1.39±0.11% in the raw material of the plant, while B dry the extract had a high concentration of inulin of 58.51±0.66%.

The Jerusalem Artichoke (JA) (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is an annual plant native to North America and widely distributed in Europe and Central Asia. The tuber of JA contains 80% water, 15% polysaccharide (Inulin etc.), 2% protein, and a small amount of starch and fat. Inulin is a polysaccharide that is widely used as a prebiotic, fat substitute, and sugar substitute. This substance has high biological activity and is contained in large quantities.
The purpose of this study was to standardize the quality and safety of dried tubers of JA. Standardization includes parameters such as microscopic analysis, identification, quantification, validation of methods following the guidelines issued by ICH guidelines, and quality, including safety analysis (appearance, moisture, mechanical impurities, heavy metals, microbiological purity).
The content of inulin was 64.17±1.25%. The mean relative standard deviation of method validation (RMS%) was 1.27%, 1.18%, 1.22%, and the relative mean standard deviation (RMS) of method precision was 1.94%. The specific absorbance was 307 nm. The correlation coefficient R2=0.9998 was obtained for the reference curve of the standard substance. The detection limit of the method was 2.64 μg/ml, and the detection limit was 7.99 μg/ml.
The method mentioned above has been confirmed to be suitable for the quantitative determination of inulin in the tuber of JA. Moreover, Microbiological purity and heavy metal requirements are met.