BACKGROUND:Stability of the support surface and visual input are important factors affecting static balance,but most of the studies on the balance ability of elderly with mild cognitive impairment have focused on the stable hard support surface,and the control of static balance on the unstable support surface under different visual input conditions is not known. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the static balance ability of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment on soft and hard support surfaces under different visual input conditions. METHODS:Twenty-one elderly people with mild cognitive impairment and nineteen elderly people with normal cognition were selected for the study,and the Kistler three-dimensional dynamometer was used to conduct four tests:standing with two feet on hard support surface with eyes open,standing with two feet on soft support surface with eyes open,standing with two feet on hard support surface with eyes closed,standing with two feet on soft support surface with eyes closed,and standing with two feet on soft support surface with eyes closed,and the duration of each test was 30 seconds.The plantar center of pressure data were collected and compared between the two groups under different visual conditions on the soft and hard support surfaces. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Under the condition of visual input,the total excursions(soft support surface:P=0.003),the total excursions-medial-lateral sides(soft support surface:P=0.001,hard support surface:P<0.001)and the 95%confidence ellipse area(soft support surface:P=0.001,hard support surface:P<0.001)of the center of pressure in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment on the soft and hard support surfaces were significantly higher than those of the elderly with normal cognition.(2)In the absence of visual input,the root mean square distance(P=0.014),the root mean square distance-medial-lateral sides(P=0.014),and the 95%confidence ellipse area(P=0.001)of center of pressure in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment on the soft support surfaces were significantly higher than those of the elderly with normal cognition,but there were no significant differences between the groups on the hard support surface(P>0.05).(3)These findings confirm that compared with the elderly with normal cognition who could make full use of visual sensory input to maintain body balance on the soft and hard support surfaces,mild cognitive impairment elderly presented a deficit in balance function.In particular,mild cognitive impairment elderly relied more on ankle proprioception to maintain balance when visual interference was present,suggesting that mild cognitive impairment elderly should focus on strengthening ankle proprioceptive training.

Background::The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) blood pressure (BP) guideline lowered the threshold defining hypertension to 130/80 mmHg. However, how stage 1 hypertension defined using this guideline is associated with cardiovascular events in Chinese adults remains unclear. This study assessed the association between stage 1 hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline and clinical outcomes in the Chinese population.Methods::Participants with stage 1 hypertension ( n = 69,509) or normal BP ( n = 34,142) were followed in this study from 2006/2007 to 2020. Stage 1 hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure of 130–139 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure of 80–89 mmHg. None were taking antihypertensive medication or had a history of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or cancer at baseline. The primary outcome was a composite of MI, stroke, and all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes were individual components of the primary outcome. Cox proportional hazards models were used for the analysis. Results::During a median follow-up of 11.09 years, we observed 10,479 events (MI, n = 995; stroke, n = 3408; all-cause mortality, n = 7094). After multivariable adjustment, the hazard ratios for stage 1 hypertension vs. normal BP were 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.25) for primary outcome, 1.24 (95% CI, 1.05–1.46) for MI, 1.45 (95% CI, 1.33–1.59) for stroke, and 1.11 (95% CI, 1.04–1.17) for all-cause mortality. The hazard ratios for participants with stage 1 hypertension who were prescribed antihypertensive medications compared with those without antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85–0.96). Conclusions::Using the new definition, Chinese adults with untreated stage 1 hypertension are at higher risk for MI, stroke, and all-cause mortality. This finding may help to validate the new BP classification system in China.

Objective Space radiation is an important environmental factor affecting the health and efficiency of astronauts.To explore the effects of radiation on electroencephalogram(EEG)signal,and to provide references for further study of the effects of radiation on Central Nervous System(brain)injury.Methods The resting state EEG of radiotherapy volunteers were collected before and after X-ray exposure.The effects of radiation on EEG was studied by means of spectral analysis,nonlinear dynamic characteristic analysis,correlation coefficient analysis and microstate analysis.Results The results show that radiation induced a"slow wave"phenomenon in the EEG spectrum,with a decrease in Gravity Frequency,Sample Entropy,and Lempel-Ziv Complexity,and an increase in Fatigue Index.The average duration and frequency of EEG microstate C both significantly decreased,and the proportion of time for microstate D decreased,while the average correlation coefficient between microstates A and C increased.Conclusion A decrease was induced by radiation in neuronal excitability,which may affect cognitive brain networks and brain attention.This study can provide reference for the study of radiation damage to the Central Nervous System(brain).

The adipose-derived stem cell exosomes are subcellular structures of adipose stem cells. They are nano-sized membrane vesicles that can transport various cell components and act on target cells by paracrine, and they play an important role in the exchanges of substance and information between cells. Scar healing is the commonest way of healing after skin tissue injury. Pathological scar can not only cause movement dysfunction, but also lead to deformity, which affects the appearance of patients and brings life and mental pressure to the patients. In recent years, many researches have shown that the adipose-derived stem cell exosomes contain a variety of bioactive molecules, which play an important role in reducing scar formation and scar-free wound healing, by affecting the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and the composition of extracellular matrix. This article reviewed the recent literature on the roles and mechanisms of adipose-derived stem cell exosomes in scar formation, and prospected the future application and development of adipose-derived stem cell exosomes in scar treatment.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
Animals ; China ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides ; Spodoptera/genetics* ; Transcriptome

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the common malignant tumors in China, which seriously threatens the life and health of the nation. Hepatic vein tumor thrombosis (HVTT) is one of the common clinical manifestations. The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma combined with HVTT is extremely poor, and there is no unanimous opinion on its treatment in China and abroad. Currently, Asian guidelines recommend multidisciplinary treatment for patients with vascular invasion. This article reviewed the current progress in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma combined with HVTT.

Objective:To review our experience in the use of "Full right-Full left" split liver transplantation in adult-to adult or adult-to adult-size child.Methods:The clinical data of liver donors to 4 recipients of full right-full left split liver transplantation performed at Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University from January to December 2019 were reviewed. The surgical methods of split liver transplantation, cold ischemia time, operation time, intraoperative blood transfusion, and postoperative complications and prognosis were analyzed.Results:The 4 recipients of complete right hepatic-left hepatic split liver transplantation included 3 adults and 1 heavy child (45 kg). Their ages ranged from 14 to 48 years, and body weight ranged from 45 to 61 kg. The end-stage liver disease model score were 21, 12, 41, and 30 points. The ratios of graft mass to recipient's body mass ranged from 0.85% to 1.35%. The cold ischemia time was 457-650 min, and the operation time was 460-575 min. Early liver function recovered smoothly in all the 4 patients after transplantation, and no small liver syndrome occurred. Patients were followed up to 6 months after operation. One patient developed anastomotic biliary leak, which was cured by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic treatment. Another patient developed biliary stricture presenting with repeated biliary tract infection despite percutaneous transhepatic puncture biliary drainage. A third patient died six months from lung infection.Conclusion:In properly selected patients, using full right-full left hemiliver by split liver transplantation increased organ utilization and provided patients with increased treatment opportunities.