According to the work goals and tasks determined by edition outline of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition has been completed. Among them, 52 new pharmaceutical excipients monographs have been added, an increase of 15.5% compared with the 2020 Edition, and the total number has reached 387. This article focuses on the general framework and the main characteristics of the standards of pharmaceutical excipients in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition, which can contribute to accurately understand and utilize the standards in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

To reduce the dependency on high-carbon-load chromatographic columns,a new method has been established for the determination of the content of docusate sodium using ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC). Tetrapropylammonium chloride was used as the ion-pair reagent with a mobile phase, composition of acetonitrile:10 mmol/L tetrapropylammonium chloride solution = 66∶34, adjusting pH to 6.5 with 0.1% phosphoric acid solution,flow rate of 1.5 mL/min, detection wavelength of 214 nm,column temperature of 35 °C, and an injection volume of 25 μL,and quantified by an external standard method. The main peak of docusate sodium exhibited a tailing factor of 1.34. The method showed good linearity within the range of 0.02 mg/mL to 0.40 mg/mL, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999 9. It also demonstrated good repeatability, with recovery ranging from 97.0% to 98.2% (n=6). The quantification limit was 3.31 μg/mL, and the detection limit was 2.76 μg/mL.In summary,the new method shows good durability, a wide linear range, and high sensitivity, it is suitable for the determination of docusate sodium.

Objective To explore the effect of miR-582-5p on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected macrophages by regulating dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1). Methods THP-1 macrophages were divided into six groups: control group, Mtb group, inhibitor-NC group, miR-582-5p inhibitor group, miR-582-5p inhibitor+si-NC group, and miR-582-5p inhibitor+si-DUSP1 group. QRT-PCR was applied to detect the gene expression of miR-582-5p and DUSP1 in cells. ELISA kit was used to detect the levels of interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). CCK-8 method was applied to detect cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was applied to detect cell apoptosis rate. Western blot analysis was used to measure the protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), Bcl2-associated X (BAX), and cleaved-caspase 3 (c-caspase-3) in cells. In addition, the target relationship between miR-582-5p and DUSP1 was verified. Results Compared with the control group, the expression of miR-582-5p, levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, bacterial load and OD450 values (24 h, 48 h), and the protein expression of Bcl2 in macrophages were higher in the Mtb group, while the mRNA expression of DUSP1, apoptosis rate, and the protein expression levels of c-caspase-3, BAX and DUSP1 were lower. Compared with the Mtb group and the inhibitor-NC group, the above-mentioned indicators in the miR-582-5p inhibitor group were partially reversed. Down-regulation of DUSP1 expression partially reversed the inhibitory effect of down-regulation of miR-582-5p expression on Mtb-infected macrophages. Conclusion Inhibiting the expression of miR-582-5p can up-regulate DUSP1, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and inflammatory response of Mtb-infected macrophages and promoting cell apoptosis.
Humans ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1/metabolism* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/physiology* ; Tuberculosis/microbiology* ; Apoptosis/genetics* ; THP-1 Cells ; Cell Proliferation/genetics* ; Interferon-gamma/genetics* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics* ; Interleukin-1beta/genetics*

Objective: To analyze the results of national external quality assessment (EQA) for transfusion compatibility test from 2018 to 2023, with the aim of providing references for improving laboratory testing quality and ensuring the safety of clinical blood transfusion. Methods: Three EQA programs were conducted annually, each distributing 22 quality assessment samples. Participating transfusion laboratories were required to complete testing within specified deadlines and to submit results along with documentation of testing methodologies, reagents, and equipment used. National Center for Clinical Laboratories (NCCL) conducted statistical analysis of laboratory results, evaluated testing outcomes and related circumstances, and provided feedback to participating laboratories. EQA data from transfusion laboratories across China from 2018 to 2023 were collected and systematically analyzed. Results: From 2018 to 2023, the qualification rates for all five items (ABO forward typing, ABO reverse typing, Rh blood group typing, antibody screening, and cross-matching) were 67.59%, 77.11%, 77.38%, 72.78%, 79.96%, and 85.16%, respectively. The mean qualification rates for ABO forward typing, ABO reverse typing, RhD blood group typing, antibody screening, and cross-matching over the past six years were 96.25%±0.59%, 90.45%±4.52%, 96.05%±0.71%, 90.88%±2.86%, and 88.34%±3.48%, respectively. The qualification rates in 2019, 2020, 2022, and 2023 all showed a stable trend of "blood stations>tertiary hospitals>secondary hospitals". The mean qualification rate of laboratories in secondary hospitals from 2018 to 2023 was significantly lower than those of laboratories in tertiary hospitals and blood stations (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between laboratories in tertiary hospitals and blood stations (P>0.05). The micro column agglutination method was the most widely used in all five tests. In the four test items, namely ABO forward typing, ABO reverse typing, antibody screening, and cross-matching, there was a statistically significant difference in the qualification rate of micro column agglutination method compared to other methods (P<0.05). There was a statistical difference in the qualification rate between manual and automated detection using micro column agglutination method in the cross-matching tests (P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was noted for the other test items (P>0.05). Conclusion: From 2018 to 2023, the number of laboratories participating in EQA activities has been increasing year by year, and the qualification rate has shown an overall upward trend. The type of laboratory is a key factor affecting the qualification rate, and the testing capabilities of some laboratories still need to be improved. The micro column agglutination method is widely used in transfusion compatibility tests. The established EQA program effectively monitors quality issues in laboratories, drives continuous improvement, and ensures sustained enhancement of testing standards to safeguard clinical blood safety.

Industry-university-research cooperation is not only the core of technological innovation,but also an important way to enhance industrial competitiveness and achieve high-quality development.Industry-university-research cooperation in Liaoning Province has achieved significant results in promoting technological innovation and economic development,but there are still some problems and challenges.The main problems include insufficient depth of industry-university-research cooperation,scattered innovation resources,lack of long-term stable cooperation mechanisms,as well as talent loss and lack of high-quality innovative talents.Through systematically sorting out the existing models of industry-university-research cooperation,it proposes a series of targeted and operable countermeasures and suggestions.These measures and suggestions provide solid theoretical support for the healthy development of industry-university-research cooperation in Liaoning Province.

Objective:To study the situation of legal regulations for the integration of industry-university-research in Liaoning,improve the concept of legal regulation,optimize the legal regulation methods,so as to promote the deep integration of industry-university-research in Liaoning.Method:Problem-oriented approach was used,and the problems of the current legal regulations for the integration of industry-university-research in Liaoning were reviewed.Result:It was found that legal regulations for the deep integration of industry-university-research in Liaoning were not yet perfect,which was manifested in insufficient coverage of policies and regulations,relatively lagging update of regulations,and insufficient highlighting of local characteristics.Conclusion:In response to the above issues,it is proposed to use measures such as collaborative regulation,incentive regulation and moderate regulation to establish and improve the legal system of the integration of industry-university-research in Liaoning province.

Background::This systematic review aimed to examine whether dual-task (DT) training was superior to single-task (ST) training in improving DT walking, balance and cognitive functions for individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD).Methods::Literature search was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Metstr covering inception to May 10, 2023. And in order to facilitate comparison across trials, we calculated the effect size (Hedges’ g) of gait, balance, cognitive, and other parameters under both ST and DT conditions, using the mean change score and standard deviation (SD) of change score of the experimental and control groups. Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of DT motor and cognitive training in individuals with Parkinson’s disease were included for this systematic review.Results::A total of 214 participants recruited from six articles (actually five trials) were involved in this review. In terms of walking ability, only double support time and stride time variability showed significant between-group difference (Hedges’ g = 0.34, 0.18, respectively). Compared to ST training group, DT training group had a more improvement effect in laboratory balance measurement (Hedges’ g = 0.18, 1.25), but no significant improvement in clinical balance measurement. No significant between-group differences were observed, thus its training effect on cognitive function was inconclusive.Conclusions::The DT training failed to achieve promising results better than ST training in improving DT walking and balance functions for individuals with PD. Any firm conclusion cannot be drawn at present, due to the limited number of eligible publications. Larger sample size and high-quality studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of DT training in individuals with PD.

ObjectiveTo comprehensively assess the clinical value of Duliang soft capsules in the treatment of migraine with wind-cold blood stasis syndrome， and to provide guidance for national medical decision-making， clinical drug promotion， and pharmaceutical services. MethodThe evaluation of Duliang soft capsules' clinical value was conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for the Management of Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation of Drugs （Trial Version， 2021） using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Utilizing the CSC v2.0 software， this study conducted a comprehensive clinical evaluation of Duliang soft capsules across the "6+1" dimensions， including safety pre- and post-market launch， effectiveness in treating migraine， economy （cost-effectiveness）， and innovation， suitability， accessibility， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） characteristics in both its technology and clinical applications. ResultSafety： Duliang soft capsules were found to have good safety based on evidence from known adverse reactions （spontaneous reporting system （SRS） data， literature data， etc.）， pre-marketing toxicological research， and post-marketing drug monitoring. Effectiveness： A meta-analysis indicated that the combination of Duliang soft capsules and western medicine was more effective than Western medicine alone in the treatment of migraine. The product's effectiveness was rated as "Best" based on the quality and value of the evidence. Economy： Duliang soft capsules are moderately priced and categorized as a Type B medical insurance product. Economic research indicated that the combination of Western medicine and Duliang soft capsules was more cost-effective than Western medicine alone. The product's economy was rated as "Better". Innovation： Duliang soft capsules， with Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma as the main components， hold one invention patent and have been awarded the China Patent Excellence Award. The pharmaceutical company has introduced innovative extraction （CO₂ supercritical extraction technology） and formulation （soft capsule） processes. The product's innovation was rated as "Better". Suitability： A questionnaire survey on Duliang soft capsules showed that it was well-suited for both patients and healthcare professionals. The product received a comprehensive assessment of suitability through the "Evaluation of Chinese Patent Medicine Information Services". The product's suitability was rated as "Best". Accessibility： Duliang soft capsules are moderately priced， making them accessible and affordable. The product's accessibility was rated as "Good" based on evidence from these three aspects. TCM characteristics： The formulation of Duliang soft capsules can be traced back to WANG Qiu's Selected Formulas from the Praiseworthy Studio （Shi Zhai Bai Yi Xuan Fang） from the Song Dynasty， and it was documented in ZHANG Jiebin's The Complete Works of Zhang Jing-yue （Jing Yue Quan Shu） as "Duliangwan". The product has been extensively studied with over 2000 clinical cases since its market launch， and its TCM characteristics were rated as outstanding with sufficient evidence. ConclusionThe comprehensive clinical value evaluation of Duliang soft capsules demonstrated its high effectiveness， suitability， and accessibility， and outstanding TCM characteristics. The product's safety， economy， and innovation received good ratings. In summary， Duliang soft capsules exhibited significant clinical value and outstanding TCM characteristics， the evidence was sufficient， and the result was confirmed， providing crucial references for clinical decision-making and pharmaceutical management.

Outpatient humanistic care refered to providing a full process of caring medical services to outpatients. In order to standardize the human caring services for outpatients in medical institutions, promote the comprehensive service level of outpatient services, and improve the patient′s medical experience, Chinese Association for Life Care issued the group standard of Management Norms for Human caring of Outpatients in April 2023. This standard clarified the relevant terms and definitions of human caring for outpatients, specified the basic requirements for human caring, the humanistic quality and care responsibilities of outpatient staff, the outpatient care environment and facilities, the outpatient care process and measures, and quality management. It designed standardized and personalized full process care service norms, providing references for medical institutions at all levels to promote the development of human caring for outpatients.

Objective To investigate the compatibility between antiepileptic active pharmaceutical ingredient(API)levetiracetam and binder polyethylene glycol 6000,and provide a basis for evaluating and ensuring the safety of drugs.Methods Levetiracetam and polyethylene glycol 6000 from different producers were mixed in a certain proportion,and placed under different conditions according to the test method of stability influencing factors.The compatibility of levetiracetam and polyethylene glycol 6000 was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and HPLC,respectively,and the thermal variations,changes of levetiracetam appearance and related substances were investigated.Results After being placed under high humidity(relative humidity of 90％)and light(4 500 Lx)for 10 days,the compatibility between API and pharmaceutical excipients was proved good,while under the conditions of high temperature of 50℃ and 60℃,polyethylene glycol 6000 interacted with levetiracetam,resulting in the growth of levetiracetam related substances including impurity A and total amount of impurities,along with the production of two unknown impurities.Polyethylene glycol 6000 from different producers and different batches had different effects on the related substances of levetiracetam.Conclusion There is a risk of compatibility between levetiracetam and polyethylene glycol 6000 under elevated temperatures,and it is recommended that preparation producers optimize product prescriptions and improve the quality and safety of drugs.