ObjectiveTo establish a highly specific and sensitive triplex TaqMan quantitative PCR method for the detection of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), mouse parvovirus (MPV), and reovirus type 3 (Reo-3) in laboratory mice. MethodsRecombinant plasmid standards were constructed using conserved genomic regions of the three target viruses. Specific primers and probes were designed, and a triplex TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR) system was optimized through preliminary experiments. Sensitivity was evaluated using 10-fold serial dilutions (10¹-10⁷ copies/μL). Intra- and inter-assay repeatability were assessed via reproducibility experiments. ResultsA strong linear correlation (R ²>0.99) was observed between copy number and Ct value at template concentrations of 10²-10⁷ copies/μL. Intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) were both below 5%. No cross-reactivity was observed with mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Sendai virus (SeV), or pneumonia virus of mice (PVM). ConclusionThe triplex TaqMan quantitative PCR method established in this study has high sensitivity, good repeatability, and strong specificity. It enables the rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of MHV, MPV, and Reo-3, allows the simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens in a single tube, and can be applied to the detection of clinical samples from laboratory animals and to epidemiological investigations, thereby providing effective scientific and technological support for the prevention and control of viral infection and the interruption of transmission.

ObjectiveTo analyze the composition of respiratory virus pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics among adult influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Putuo District of Shanghai from 2015 to 2024, to summarize the epidemic patterns of respiratory viruses across different time periods and populations, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of adult respiratory virus infections in Putuo District of Shanghai. MethodsSurveillance data of 2 273 adult ILI cases from sentinel hospitals under the comprehensive surveillance system for acute respiratory infections in Putuo District of Shanghai from 2015 to 2024 were retrospectively collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were adopted to analyze the temporal and population distribution characteristics of respiratory viruses, including influenza virus (IFV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV). The mixed infection status among different age groups was compared, and the distribution of influenza virus subtypes was described. SPSS 22.0 and WPS Office software were used for statistical analyses. ResultsThe overall detection rate of respiratory viruses in 2 273 adult ILI cases was 43.51%. The detection rate in females (45.48%) was significantly higher than that in males (41.25%), with statistical significance (χ²=4.113, P=0.043). Individuals aged 60 years old and above had the highest detection rate (47.41%) (χ²=8.430, P=0.014). The detection rates in winter (50.41%) and summer (48.42%) were higher than those in other seasons (χ²=47.028, P<0.001). The overall viral detection rate decreased after 2020 (χ²=208.411, P<0.001). Detection rates of various viruses varied by year, with IFV and ADV showing high rates from 2015 to 2019 (all P<0.001), while human coronavirus (HCoV) and rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV) exhibited higher rates from 2020 to 2022 (all P<0.001). Co-infection with IFV and HCoV was the most common, followed by co-infection with IFV and ADV, together accounting for 50.00% of all mixed infections. During the surveillance period, the detection rate of IFV was significantly higher than that of other respiratory viruses. Influenza B/Victoria lineage predominated in 2021, followed by successive predominance of influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and the co-circulation of the two subtypes from 2022 to 2023. Influenza A(H1N1) re-emerged as the predominant subtype in the first half of 2024. ConclusionFrom 2015 to 2024, respiratory virus infections in adults prevailed in winter and summer, and people aged 60 years old and above were the key high-risk population. The detection rates of respiratory viruses declined after 2020. IFV was the predominant pathogen detected, and different influenza virus subtypes circulated alternately each year.

Objective:To investigate, for multi-sensitized allergic rhinitis (AR) patients allergic to dust mites combined with other allergens (pollen, mold, animal dander, etc.), whether the single dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) can improve the specific symptoms caused by other allergens in the patients, and to analyze the relationship between the effectiveness of symptom improvement in these patients and the type, quantity and severity of the allergens.Methods:A multicenter retrospective study was conducted to collect mul-sensitized AR patients from allergy or respiratory departments of 5 hospitals who received house dust mite allergen preparation SCIT for 12 to 36 months and met other inclusion and exclusion criteria from February to July 2024. General clinical data were collected and the perennial or seasonal symptoms before and after treatment were evaluated with visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess whether there was an perennial or allergen-specific symptom improvement (VAS score decrease ≥30%), by which the patients were divided into effective group and ineffective. R software was used to analyze the differences between groups by using Fisher′s exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results:A total of 62 patients were enrolled, and the treatment were effective in 39 of them, with an effective rate of 62.9%. For allergen-specific symptoms, the median age of the effective group was higher than that of the ineffective group (12 years old vs. 8 years old, P=0.039), and the effective rate in dust mite specific immunoglobin E (sIgE) grade ≤5 group was higher than that in sIgE grade >5 group (81.6% vs. 45.5%, P=0.008), and the effective rate of mold sIgE grade ≤2 group was higher than that of sIgE grade >2 group (83.3% vs. 28.6%, P=0.045), and there was no statistically significant correlation between the other allergen grades and the effective rate ( P>0.05). For perennial symptoms, the effective rate in the mold grade ≤2 group was higher than that in the sIgE grade >2 group (91.3% vs. 28.6%, P=0.010), and there was no statistically significant correlation between the other allergen grades and the effective rate ( P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between the treatment effectiveness of perennial or allergen-specific symptoms and the number of combined allergens, the grade of skin test, and the difference between the grade of combined allergens and that of dust mites ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Among the patients with multi-sensitized AR allergic to dust mites included in this study, single dust mite SCIT is effective in some of them, and for allergen-specific symptoms, the effective group was elder, and dust mite sIgE grade 6 and mold sIgE grade ≥2 was related to the low effective rate of SCIT. The present results are insufficient for selecting single or multiple AIT in any type of multi-sensitized patients.

Objective To investigate the local anatomical characteristics of the cyctic duct and the feasibility of bile duct exploration through the cystic duct for stone removal and primary suture.Methods From February to September 2023,100 cases of secondary choledocholithiasis(SCL)were treated with laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration(LTCBDE).During the operation,6 indicators were measured,including the direction of the gallbladder duct joining the common bile duct,the inner diameter of the gallbladder duct,the length of the gallbladder duct incision,the length of the gallbladder duct parallel to the common bile duct,the distance between the incised gallbladder duct or common bile duct and the upper edge of the duodenum,and the diameter of the stone taken by the cholangioscopy.Results The direction of the gallbladder duct joining into the common bile duct:92 cases at 9-12 o'clock,of which 76 cases at 10 and 11 o'clock,accounting for 76%;1 case each at 1 and 2 o'clock,accounting for 2%;2 and 4 cases at7 and 8 o'clock respectively,accounting for6%.The inner diameter of the cystic duct ranged from 3 mm to13 mm,with a median of 5.0 mm.The length of the common bile duct opened:21 cases(21%)had the common bile duct cut open,with an incision of 1-5 mm and a median of 3.0 mm.The parallel length of gallbladder duct and common bile duct:there was a parallel length of 2-40 mm and a median of 10.0 mm in36 cases.The distance between the incised gallbladder duct or common bile duct and the upper edge of the duodenum was5-20 mm,with a median of 15.0 mm.Intraoperative choledochoscope was used in 90 cases to remove stones,with a total of 128 stones removed.The diameter of the stones ranged from 1.5 mm to 22.0 mm,with a median of 5.0 mm.All the100 cases of LTCBDE were successful.A total of 83 cases(83%)were followed up for 3 months after surgery.After discharge,their appetite returned to normal,and they resumed normal life and work.There were no symptoms of bile duct stones such as abdominal pain,jaundice,or fever,and their liver function was normal.B-ultrasound showed a diameter of 5-10 mm for the common bile duct,with a median of 7 mm,and no postoperative stenosis.Conclusions Exploring the common bile duct through the cystic duct is feasible,with no or minimal damage to the common bile duct and no damage to the Oddi sphincter.It is the best way and surgical technique for laparoscopic exploration and stone removal via choledochoscope in SCL.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of embolization of anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistula (ACF-DAVF) via different arterial approaches, and provide evidence for individualized treatment of ACF-DAVF. Methods:A retrospective study was performed; 25 patients with ACF-DAVF admitted to Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2020 to December 2023 were enrolled. Vascular approaches, including the anterior cerebral artery ( n=7), facial artery ( n=3), middle meningeal artery ( n=8), ophthalmic artery ( n=6), and vein ( n=1), were selected based on angioarchitectural features and microcatheter accessibility. Fistula and proximal draining vein occlusions were confirmed by immediate post-embolization digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and perioperative complications were recorded. At a 6-month follow-up, prognoses were assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and DSA or MRA was performed to detect the recurrence of ACF-DAVF. Results:Six patients had complete embolization and 2 patients had near-total embolization of the fistula and proximal draining vein immediately after embolization via middle meningeal artery approach; 4 patients achieved complete embolization and 2 patients achieved near-total embolization via ophthalmic artery approach; 6 patients achieved complete embolization and one patient achieved near-total embolization via anterior cerebral artery approach; 3 patients achieved complete embolization via facial artery approach; one patient achieved complete embolization via venous approach. No perioperative intracranial hemorrhage or central retinal artery occlusion was noted. Follow-up for 6 months was performed in 25 patients: mRS score was 0 in 19 patients, 1 in 2 patients, and 2 in 4 patients; DSA in 19 patients and MRA in 6 patients indicated no ACF-DAVF recurrence. Conclusion:Based on the angioarchitectural features and microcatheter accessibility, individualized selection of vascular approaches for ACF-DAVF embolization can achieve better efficacy and safety.

Objective:To investigate, for multi-sensitized allergic rhinitis (AR) patients allergic to dust mites combined with other allergens (pollen, mold, animal dander, etc.), whether the single dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) can improve the specific symptoms caused by other allergens in the patients, and to analyze the relationship between the effectiveness of symptom improvement in these patients and the type, quantity and severity of the allergens.Methods:A multicenter retrospective study was conducted to collect mul-sensitized AR patients from allergy or respiratory departments of 5 hospitals who received house dust mite allergen preparation SCIT for 12 to 36 months and met other inclusion and exclusion criteria from February to July 2024. General clinical data were collected and the perennial or seasonal symptoms before and after treatment were evaluated with visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess whether there was an perennial or allergen-specific symptom improvement (VAS score decrease ≥30%), by which the patients were divided into effective group and ineffective. R software was used to analyze the differences between groups by using Fisher′s exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results:A total of 62 patients were enrolled, and the treatment were effective in 39 of them, with an effective rate of 62.9%. For allergen-specific symptoms, the median age of the effective group was higher than that of the ineffective group (12 years old vs. 8 years old, P=0.039), and the effective rate in dust mite specific immunoglobin E (sIgE) grade ≤5 group was higher than that in sIgE grade >5 group (81.6% vs. 45.5%, P=0.008), and the effective rate of mold sIgE grade ≤2 group was higher than that of sIgE grade >2 group (83.3% vs. 28.6%, P=0.045), and there was no statistically significant correlation between the other allergen grades and the effective rate ( P>0.05). For perennial symptoms, the effective rate in the mold grade ≤2 group was higher than that in the sIgE grade >2 group (91.3% vs. 28.6%, P=0.010), and there was no statistically significant correlation between the other allergen grades and the effective rate ( P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between the treatment effectiveness of perennial or allergen-specific symptoms and the number of combined allergens, the grade of skin test, and the difference between the grade of combined allergens and that of dust mites ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Among the patients with multi-sensitized AR allergic to dust mites included in this study, single dust mite SCIT is effective in some of them, and for allergen-specific symptoms, the effective group was elder, and dust mite sIgE grade 6 and mold sIgE grade ≥2 was related to the low effective rate of SCIT. The present results are insufficient for selecting single or multiple AIT in any type of multi-sensitized patients.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of embolization of anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistula (ACF-DAVF) via different arterial approaches, and provide evidence for individualized treatment of ACF-DAVF. Methods:A retrospective study was performed; 25 patients with ACF-DAVF admitted to Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2020 to December 2023 were enrolled. Vascular approaches, including the anterior cerebral artery ( n=7), facial artery ( n=3), middle meningeal artery ( n=8), ophthalmic artery ( n=6), and vein ( n=1), were selected based on angioarchitectural features and microcatheter accessibility. Fistula and proximal draining vein occlusions were confirmed by immediate post-embolization digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and perioperative complications were recorded. At a 6-month follow-up, prognoses were assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and DSA or MRA was performed to detect the recurrence of ACF-DAVF. Results:Six patients had complete embolization and 2 patients had near-total embolization of the fistula and proximal draining vein immediately after embolization via middle meningeal artery approach; 4 patients achieved complete embolization and 2 patients achieved near-total embolization via ophthalmic artery approach; 6 patients achieved complete embolization and one patient achieved near-total embolization via anterior cerebral artery approach; 3 patients achieved complete embolization via facial artery approach; one patient achieved complete embolization via venous approach. No perioperative intracranial hemorrhage or central retinal artery occlusion was noted. Follow-up for 6 months was performed in 25 patients: mRS score was 0 in 19 patients, 1 in 2 patients, and 2 in 4 patients; DSA in 19 patients and MRA in 6 patients indicated no ACF-DAVF recurrence. Conclusion:Based on the angioarchitectural features and microcatheter accessibility, individualized selection of vascular approaches for ACF-DAVF embolization can achieve better efficacy and safety.

Objective To investigate the local anatomical characteristics of the cyctic duct and the feasibility of bile duct exploration through the cystic duct for stone removal and primary suture.Methods From February to September 2023,100 cases of secondary choledocholithiasis(SCL)were treated with laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration(LTCBDE).During the operation,6 indicators were measured,including the direction of the gallbladder duct joining the common bile duct,the inner diameter of the gallbladder duct,the length of the gallbladder duct incision,the length of the gallbladder duct parallel to the common bile duct,the distance between the incised gallbladder duct or common bile duct and the upper edge of the duodenum,and the diameter of the stone taken by the cholangioscopy.Results The direction of the gallbladder duct joining into the common bile duct:92 cases at 9-12 o'clock,of which 76 cases at 10 and 11 o'clock,accounting for 76%;1 case each at 1 and 2 o'clock,accounting for 2%;2 and 4 cases at7 and 8 o'clock respectively,accounting for6%.The inner diameter of the cystic duct ranged from 3 mm to13 mm,with a median of 5.0 mm.The length of the common bile duct opened:21 cases(21%)had the common bile duct cut open,with an incision of 1-5 mm and a median of 3.0 mm.The parallel length of gallbladder duct and common bile duct:there was a parallel length of 2-40 mm and a median of 10.0 mm in36 cases.The distance between the incised gallbladder duct or common bile duct and the upper edge of the duodenum was5-20 mm,with a median of 15.0 mm.Intraoperative choledochoscope was used in 90 cases to remove stones,with a total of 128 stones removed.The diameter of the stones ranged from 1.5 mm to 22.0 mm,with a median of 5.0 mm.All the100 cases of LTCBDE were successful.A total of 83 cases(83%)were followed up for 3 months after surgery.After discharge,their appetite returned to normal,and they resumed normal life and work.There were no symptoms of bile duct stones such as abdominal pain,jaundice,or fever,and their liver function was normal.B-ultrasound showed a diameter of 5-10 mm for the common bile duct,with a median of 7 mm,and no postoperative stenosis.Conclusions Exploring the common bile duct through the cystic duct is feasible,with no or minimal damage to the common bile duct and no damage to the Oddi sphincter.It is the best way and surgical technique for laparoscopic exploration and stone removal via choledochoscope in SCL.

Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective efficacy of scutellarin(Scu)against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(CIRI)injury in rats,with a focus on its regulatory mechanisms involving the CX3CL1/CX3CR1-PI3K/AKT signaling axis.Methods:The rat CIRI model was established using Longa's intraluminal suture method.The experimental design comprised four groups(n=15 per group):Sham operation group,CIRI model group,Scu treat-ment(40 mg/kg/d Scu gavage)group,and Scu+LY294002(Scu combined with PI3K inhibitor LY294002)group.Following 4 weeks of intervention,neurological function,pathological changes,and pathway protein expression were evaluated using Longa scoring,TTC staining,HE staining,transmission electron microscopy,immunofluorescence,or Western blot analysis.Results:Compared to the CIRI model group,Scu treatment significantly improved neurological function,reduced cerebral infarct volume and attenuated neuronal damage(P<0.05).Furthermore,Scu downregulat-ed CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expression,increased p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT ratios,elevated Bcl-2/Bax ratio,and de-creased IL-17A expression(P<0.05).These protective effects were partially reversed by LY294002.Conclusion:Scu exerts neuroprotective effects in cerebral CIRI injury by downregulating CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expression and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway,thereby attenuating inflammation and apoptosis.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of membrane anatomy in laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted,involving 33 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer guided by membrane anatomy(observation group)from April 2023 to April 2024,compared with 35 patients who underwent traditional total mesorectal excision(control group)from March 2022 to March 2023.Surgical indicators(duration of surgery,intraoperative blood loss,and number of lymph nodes dissected)and postoperative recovery were compared between the two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the operation time between the two groups[(173.8±14.7)min in the observation group vs.(179.1±15.3)min in the control group,t=-1.437,P=0.156].There were also no statistically significant differences in the postoperative hospital stay[(9.4±1.4)d vs.(9.8±2.4)d,t=-0.859,P=0.394]and in the incidence of various complications[12.1%(4/33)vs.20.0%(7/35),χ2=0.778,P=0.378].The intraoperative blood loss in the observation group was significantly less than that in the control group[(34.6±10.8)ml vs.(81.0±14.3)ml,t=-15.156,P=0.000].The number of lymph nodes dissected in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(19.8±1.3 vs.12.4±1.9,t=18.684,P=0.000).The time to first flatus after surgery in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group[(50.4±6.5)h vs.(55.2±8.9)h,t=-2.557,P=0.013].The postoperative drainage time in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group[(5.9±1.1)d vs.(6.5±1.0)d,t=-2.532,P=0.014].A total of 66 cases were followed up for 8-39 months,with a median time of 25 months.The observation group had no metastasis,local recurrence,or death,while the control group had 1 case of liver metastasis,1 case of local recurrence,and 1 case of death from other systemic diseases.Conclusions The application of membrane anatomy in laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer can ensure complete mesorectal excision,expand the surgical field of view,minimize intraoperative bleeding,and enhance the thoroughness of lymph node dissection,thereby improving surgical quality.However,it fails to shorten the operation time.