BACKGROUND:At present,the incidence of scoliosis is increasing year by year,especially in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Therefore,it is more and more important to strengthen the research on the treatment of adolescent scoliosis. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current status,hotspots,emerging trends,and frontiers of global research on the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis to provide reference and guidance for future related research. METHODS:The literature related to the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was retrieved on the Web of Science Core Collection(WOSCC)database from 2013 to 2023.CiteSpace 6.2.R1 software was used for visual analysis of countries,institutions,authors,and keywords. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 561 English articles were included in this study.Among countries,institutions,and authors,the United States has contributed the most.Nanjing University and Qiu,Yong(Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital,Nanjing University School of Medicine)are the most published institution and author.The academic journal with the largest number of articles is the European Spine Journal.(2)In the analysis of cited literature,the top 10 most cited articles mainly describe the effects of surgical treatment and conservative treatment on improving adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,especially improving the curvature of patients.(3)Through the summary of highly cited articles and the keyword clustering,keyword prominence in-depth mining,the research hotspots are currently the relationship between Cobb angle and treatment choice,the therapeutic effect of exercise therapy and the therapeutic effect of posterior vertebral fusion.(4)The prognosis of patients with different curvatures has not been studied in depth,and the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has not been clarified,so the relationship between curvature and prognosis and the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis may be a new research trend in the future.

Background A diverse cohort of patients and susceptible individuals congregate in healthcare facilities, where exposure to pathogenic microorganisms associated with respiratory infectious diseases constitutes a significant risk factor for cross-infection. Central air-conditioning ventilation systems improve some indoor environment indicators while exacerbating the risk of transmission of respiratory infectious diseases. Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of microbial communities in the central air-conditioning ventilation systems of hospitals, providing a scientific basis for the selection of microbial indicators in hygiene standards for hospital central air-conditioning ventilation systems and for hospital risk early warning systems. Methods In October 2023, two central air-conditioning ventilation systems were selected from a Grade 3A hospital in Shanghai: one was an all-air air-conditioning system serving the waiting area on the ground floor, and the other was a fan coil plus fresh air system serving the outpatient area on the third floor. Samples from four different components of the ventilation systems—air outlets, filters, surface coolers, and condensate trays—were collected for high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to analyze bacterial communities. Alpha-diversity and beta-diversity analyses were performed to investigate the microbial community composition and diversity characteristics of the hospital central air-conditioning ventilation systems. Functional analysis was conducted to determine the relative abundance of bacterial functions in these systems.Results A total of 528 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified, encompassing 20 bacterial phyla, 37 classes, 79 orders, 123 families, and 240 genera. The analysis revealed that the bacterial community was predominantly composed of Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadates, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. The diversity analysis indicated that bacterial community richness and diversity were highest in the condensate trays, while no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the bacterial community composition among the air outlets, filters, and surface coolers. The functional analysis showed that the bacterial communities in the central air-conditioning ventilation systems primarily exhibited chemoheterotrophic, oxidative energy-dependent heterotrophic, and ureolytic functional characteristics. Conclusion The dominance of Proteobacteria suggests that this phylum exhibits strong adaptability in the central air-conditioning ventilation systems, possibly related to its ability to survive and reproduce under varying environmental conditions. The diversity analysis indicates that the condensate tray is a critical area for bacterial proliferation in the central air-conditioning ventilation systems. The similarity in environmental conditions among the air outlets, filters, and surface coolers result in similar bacterial community structures. The functional analysis reveals that the bacterial communities possess robust energy conversion and metabolic capabilities, potentially contributing to processes such as organic matter decomposition and nitrogen cycling within the central air-conditioning ventilation systems.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG-associated disorders （MOGAD）. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of nine patients with MOGAD who were admitted to our department. Results Among the nine patients with MOGAD， there were five male patients and four female patients， with a median age of onset of 29.0 years. The main clinical symptoms included optic neuritis in five patients， cerebral symptoms （including mental symptoms）in five patients，seizures in four patients， brainstem symptoms in three patients， pyramidal signs in three patients， cerebellar symptoms in three patients， rectal and bladder dysfunction in three patients， myelitis in two patients， paresthesia in two patients， and comorbidity with autoimmune encephalitis in one patient. All patients tested positive for serum MOG-IgG， and two patients tested positive for MOG-IgG in cerebrospinal fluid. MRI showed that cerebral lesions mainly involved the midline structure and deep gray matter，and there were four patients（44.4%） with lesions in the midbrain， the pons， and the medulla oblongata and four patients （44.4%）with lesions in the fourth ventricle； spinal lesions often involved long segments （≥3 segments）， and there were two patients with lesions in cervical spinal cord and one patient with lesions in the thoracic spinal cord. All nine patients received immunotherapy in the acute stage， with a mean Expanded Disability Status Scale score of （3.94±2.28） for neurological function assessment. Three patients experienced recurrence during the median follow-up time of 36.0 months，among whom two patients had myelitis. Conclusion There was no significant sex difference in the prevalence rate of MOGAD，and the age of onset of MOGAD is earlier than that of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Optic neuritis is the most important clinical phenotype of MOGAD， and MOGAD patients with myelitis phenotype all have longitudinal long-segment lesions of the spinal cord. The different clinical phenotypes of MOGAD may be associated with recurrence rate.

Objective To investigate the impact of COVID-19 infection on the early clinical outcomes of patients undergoing valve replacement. Methods Perioperative data of patients who underwent single valve replacement at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical University from January to February 2023 were consecutively collected. Based on COVID-19 infection status, patients were divided into a COVID-19 group and a non-COVID-19 group. The perioperative data were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 136 patients were included, comprising 53 males and 83 females, with a mean age of (53.4±10.2) years. There were 32 patients receiving aortic valve replacements, 102 mitral valve replacements, and 2 tricuspid valve replacements. The COVID-19 group comprised 70 patients, and the non-COVID-19 group included 66 patients. No statistical difference was observed in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups [9.09% (6/66) vs. 11.43% (8/70), P=0.654]. However, the COVID-19 group had longer postoperative mechanical ventilation duration [1 201.00 (1 003.75, 1 347.75) min vs. 913.50 (465.50, 1 251.00) min, P=0.001] and ICU stay [3 (2, 3) days vs. 2 (2, 3) days, P<0.001] compared to the non-COVID-19 group. Additionally, troponin I [4.76 (2.55, 7.93) ng/mL vs. 2.66 (1.19, 5.65) ng/mL, P=0.001] and brain natriuretic peptide [608.50 (249.75, 1 150.00) pg/mL vs. 192.00 (100.93, 314.75) pg/mL, P<0.001] levels were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group. Conclusion For patients with single valve disease undergoing elective surgery, short-term outcomes after recovery from COVID-19 infection are favorable, with no significant increase in in-hospital mortality or postoperative complication rates.

The relationship between iron and hypertension has emerged as a significant frontier in cardiovascular research in recent years. Ferroptosis， a newly identified iron-dependent form of regulated cell death， has been demonstrated to play a critical role in the onset and progression of numerous cardiovascular diseases and their related conditions. The core mechanisms of ferroptosis involve dysregulated iron metabolism， lipid peroxidation， and impairment of antioxidant systems， all of which contribute importantly to the pathophysiology of hypertension. Among these， imbalance in iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation are the key drivers of hypertension associated vascular injury， vascular remodeling， and target organ damage. This review systematically summarizes the molecular correlation between ferroptosis and hypertension， focusing on the pathological and physiological mechanisms of iron metabolism disorders and lipid peroxidation， and explores their potential roles in hypertensive pathology. Furthermore， it also analyzes the synergistic physiological and pathological effects for ferroptosis in hypertension. By elucidating the regulatory mechanisms ferroptosis， this work proposes novel perspectives and directions for the early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension， offering a theoretical basis for clinical application. Additionally， therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis including iron chelators， antioxidants， and ferroptosis inhibitors are discussed.The aim is to provide a comprehensive and reliable theoretical foundation for future research and to offer innovative ideas for the early diagnosis and intervention of hypertension.

Objective: To analyze the mediating effects of self-efficacy and self-management behaviors on the relationship between depression symptoms and glycemic control among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), so as to provide references for optimizing health management of elderly T2DM patients. Methods: T2DM patients aged ≥60 years from 8 community health service centers in Nanjing City were selected using a convenience sampling method. Basic information such as gender and age was collected through questionnaires. Depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, and self-management behaviors were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Diabetes Self-Management Behavior Scale, respectively. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured to evaluate glycemic control. A mediating effect model was constructed to analyze the mediating effects of self-efficacy and self-management behaviors on the relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control. Results: A total of 567 elderly T2DM patients were included, with a median age of 70.00 (interquartile range, 7.50) years. There were 248 males (43.74%) and 319 females (56.26%). The median scores of self-efficacy, self-management behaviors, depressive symptoms, and HbA1c were 3.89 (interquartile range, 0.78), 4.45 (interquartile range, 1.55), 4.00 (interquartile range, 6.00), and 6.80% (interquartile range, 1.40%), respectively. The mediating effect analysis showed that depressive symptoms indirectly affected glycemic control among elderly T2DM patients through the independent mediating effects of self-efficacy (β=0.028, 95%CI: 0.016-0.043) and self-management behaviors (β=0.009, 95%CI: 0.003-0.016), as well as the chain mediating effect of both (β=0.025, 95%CI: 0.017-0.035). The mediating effects of self-efficacy and self-management behaviors accounted for 36.66% and 11.35% of the total effect, respectively, while the chain mediating effect accounted for 32.15% of the total effect. Conclusion Self-efficacy and self-management behaviors play mediating roles in the relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control among elderly T2DM patients.

Background::Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was often associated with dyslipidemia among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. This study aimed to assess treatment-na?ve adult male patients with HIV/AIDS who initiated ART with either co-formulated bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) or lamivudine, efavirenz, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (3TC+EFV+TDF), monitoring at weeks 4, 12, 24, and 48.Methods::A case-control retrospective study was conducted. The newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals attending the sexual transmission disease (STD)/AIDS clinic of Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January to December 2021. The patients were divided into BIC/FTC/TAF group or 3TC+EFV+TDF group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) at different time points over 48 weeks between two groups were compared. A multivariate Cox regression model was used to identify relevant influencing factors for the population at high risk of increased LDL-C.Results::A total of 870 participants, with 510 in BIC/FTC/TAF group and 360 in 3TC+EFV+TDF group. There were no statistically significant differences in median age, baseline CD4/CD8 ratio, median body mass index (BMI) between the two groups. In both two groups, levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C were higher at 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks of treatment (all P <0.05), and there were no statistically significant differences at 48 weeks compared to those at baseline (all P >0.05). In addition, the differences in average changes of the level of TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C from weeks 4, 12, 24, and 48 to baseline between two groups were not statistically significant (all P >0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional risk model analysis showed that initiating ART with HIV RNA ≥10 5 copies/mL (compared with <10 5 copies/mL) was associated with an increased risk of elevated LDL-C (hazard ratio = 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.48, P = 0.005). Conclusions::Transient elevations in blood lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C) were observed in treatment-na?ve adult male HIV/AIDS patients with BIC/FTC/TAF at 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks of treatment. However, these levels did not differ significantly from baseline after 48 weeks of treatment, regardless of whether patients were in the BIC/FTC/TAF or 3TC+EFV+TDF group.

Background::Studies that comprehensively address the characteristics of centenarian deaths are rare. The present study aimed to depict the characteristics of centenarian deaths in China and their changing trends.Methods::Data on centenarian deaths between 2013 and 2020 were obtained from the national mortality surveillance system of China, including date, place of death (PoD), and underlying cause of death (CoD). Descriptive analyses were performed to understand the epidemiological characteristics, and a joinpoint regression model was adopted to examine the changing trends in the proportions of different PoDs, CoDs among centenarians, and centenarian deaths accounting for all deaths and deaths among people aged 65 years and older.Results::There were 46,938 registered centenarian deaths between 2013 and 2020 that included 34,311 females (73.10%) and 12,627 males (26.90%). January (12.05%), February (9.99%), and December (9.74%) were the top three months with the highest number of deaths. The proportions of deaths that occurred in homes, hospitals, and nursing homes were 81.71%, 13.63%, and 2.68%, respectively. The proportion of deaths in nursing homes increased by 9.60% (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 6.4-12.9%) from 2014 to 2020. Heart disease (35.72%) was the leading cause of death, followed by respiratory diseases (17.63%), cerebrovascular disease (15.60%), and old age (11.22%). The proportion of respiratory diseases decreased by 4.8% (95% CI, -8.8 to -0.7%), and the proportion of deaths from old age decreased by 2.3 % (95% CI, -4.4 to -0.1%) per year. Shanghai had the highest proportions of deaths in hospitals (39.38%) and nursing homes (14.68%). Sichuan had the highest proportion of deaths attributed to respiratory diseases (32.30%), while Jiangsu (26.58%) and Zhejiang (23.61%) had the highest proportions of deaths from old age.Conclusion::Unlike other countries, centenarian deaths in China are characterized by a higher proportion of home and heart disease deaths, and this death pattern differs across provinces.

Objective:To explore expression of VSIG4 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)and its correlation with immune cells infiltration and prognosis.Methods:RNA-seq data of ccRCC and corresponding clinical data of patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to analyze VSIG4 mRNA expression in ccRCC and normal renal tissues.Correlation between VSIG4 expression and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed by Wilcoxon rank-sum or Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test.Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the correlation between VSIG4 expression and progno-sis of patients.Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)was used to explore the signaling pathway of VSIG4 in ccRCC.Correlation between VSIG4 level and tumor infiltrating immune cells was analyzed via CIBERSORT in R software.Western blotting was used to detect VSIG4 protein level in human renal epithelial cell line 293T,and human renal carcinoma cell line ACHN,A498,786-O and OS-RC-2.Results:Expression level of VSIG4 in ccRCC was significantly higher than that in normal tissues(P<0.05).VSIG4 expression was significantly correlated with the stages of distant metastasis and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).Overall survival rate of patients with high VSIG4 expression was significantly lower than that of patients with low expression(P<0.05).GSEA enrichment analysis showed that VSIG4 was mainly enriched in apoptosis,chemokine signaling pathway,cell adhesion molecules and other signaling path-ways.VSIG4 expression was negatively correlated with M1 macrophages(r<0,P<0.05),while positively correlated with M2 macro-phages(r>0,P<0.05).Western blotting results showed that expression of VSIG4 in renal cell carcinoma cells was higher than that in normal renal cells.Conclusion:VSIG4 is highly expressed in ccRCC,and is negatively associated with prognosis,which may become a prognostic biomarker for ccRCC patients.

This paper reviews the concepts, status, influencing factors and interventions of home self-management of diabetic foot ulcers patients, with a view to providing reference for establishing and improving the home self-management model of diabetic foot ulcers patients suitable for China.