Chinese scientists have successfully developed two live attenuated vaccines for Japanese encephalitis (JE) using the SA14 strain of the Japanese encephalitis virus as the parent virus: the SA14-14-2 strain and the SA14-2-8 strain. The former has been widely publicized for its successful use in preventing and controlling JE in humans, while the latter′s success in immunizing hundreds of thousands of horses is less well-known. The successful result of large-scale immunization of large mammals with the SA14-2-8 attenuated strain provide scientific data for the use of live attenuated vaccines for JE in humans, which is of significant importance. This paper introduces the attenuation process of the SA14-2-8 strain and its large-scale immunization in horses, in commemoration of the contributions made by the older generation of virologists to the study of virology and vaccinology in China. It also offers insights into the technical routes for developing live attenuated vaccines for arboviruses, as the attenuation pathway and technical route of the SA14-2-8 strain differ completely from those of SA14-14-2.

The Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquito and pigs are well-known as the primary vectors and amplification hosts of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a fact that has become common knowledge in the field of virology and infectious disease. However, 70 years ago, researchers in China and other countries isolated the JEV from various species of mosquitoes and different animal specimens, leading to no consensus on which mosquito is the main vector for JEV and which mammal serves as its principal amplification host. Since the 1950s, a research team led by Professor Wang Yimin from Institute of Virology, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, collaborated with local epidemic prevention departments to investigate the vectors and host animals of JEV in China. Through extensive field and laboratory investigation, they conclusively identified the Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquito and pigs as the primary vectors and amplification hosts for the JEV. The research findings provided strong scientific evidence for the prevention and control of Japanese encephalitis and were at the forefront or advanced level internationally at that time. This article presents the main research result of this project, offering insights into historical facts regarding the prevention and control of JEV in China, while also commemorating the significant contributions made by the pioneers of virology in our country towards the prevention and control of JE.

OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy of Yijinjing in the treatment of elderly sarcopenia and its effect on chro-nic inflammatory response in patients,and to explore the Yijinjing exercise prescription suitable for elderly patients with sarcopenia.METHODS A total of 120 elderly patients with sarcopenia admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2022 to September 2024 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and a Yijinjing group,with 60 cases in each group.The control group received health education and dietary guidance,and the Yijinjing group received Yijinjing exercises on the basis of the intervention of the control group.The changes in skeletal muscle mass,upper and lower limb muscle strength,muscle thickness,muscle cross-sectional area,physical fitness and chronic inflammation level were observed in the two groups before and after the intervention.RESULTS After intervention,the skeletal muscle mass,grip strength,30 s sit-stand test times,rectus femoris thickness and cross-sectional area,vastus intermedius thickness,and physical fit-ness assessment of the patients in the Yijinjing group were significantly increased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the indicators after intervention were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05);the serum TNF-α and IL-18 levels in the Yi-jinjing group were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the indicators after intervention were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);there was no statistically significant change in the biceps brachii thickness and serum IL-6 level in the Yijinjing group compared with those before treatment(P>0.05);there was no significant correlation between the bi-ceps brachii thickness and grip strength after Yijinjing intervention,r=0.139 8,P>0.05;there was a significant negative correlation between the TNF-α level and grip strength after Yijinjing intervention,r=-0.313 8,P<0.05.CONCLUSION Yijinjing exercises can improve muscle mass and strength in elderly patients with sarcopenia,and improve the physical fitness of patients,which may be related to improving the chronic inflammatory state of the body.

For middle-aged and elderly patients with conditions such as spinal fractures and degenerative spinal diseases, spinal internal fixation is a core surgical procedure for reconstructing spinal stability, heavily relying on the biomechanical stability provided by pedicle screw systems. Whereas, these patients are often complicated by osteoporosis that can significantly compromise the stability of the bone-pedicle screw interface, leading to a marked increase in pedicle screw loosening and surgical failure rates. The bone cement-augmented pedicle screw technique, which involves injecting bone cement into the vertebral body or screw trajectory to optimize the mechanical properties of the bone-pedicle screw composite, has been proven to significantly enhance fixation strength and effectively prevent screw-related failures, thereby reducing the incidence of internal fixation failure in high-risk populations undergoing spinal fusion. However, the widespread clinical application of this technique has faced challenges such as inaccurate clinical decision-making (indication and contraindication selection), non-standardized operative practices, and insufficient awareness of complication prevention, resulting in considerable variability in clinical outcomes and even severe complications. To address this, Prof. Luo Fei from First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University initiated the project and the Chinese Association Orthopaedic Surgeons organized relevant experts to develop the Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for bone cement-augmented pedicle screw technique ( version 2025), based on current evidence. The guidelines put forward 8 recommendations regarding the clinical value, scope of application, and operational standards of the technique, aiming to provide evidence-based medical support and technical standardization for clinical decision-making.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum orexin-A(OXA)and aspartate amin-otransferase(AST)levels and the disease severity and prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods A total of 167 AIS patients(AIS group)treated at Hebei Provincial People's Hospital from January 2021 to January 2024 and 84 healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations(control group)were selected as the research objects.AIS patients were categorized by severity into mild AIS group[National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score＜5,42 cases],moderate AIS group(NIHSS score 5—＜16,56 cases),moderate-to-severe AIS group(NIHSS score 16—＜21,36 cases),and severe AIS group(NIHSS score ≥21,33 cases).Based on 3-month prognosis(modified Rankin scale),patients were divided into poor prognosis group(＞2 grade,54 cases)and good prognosis group(≤2 grade,113 cases).Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between NIHSS scores and serum OXA and AST levels in AIS pa-tients.Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between serum OXA and AST levels and the prognosis of AIS patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive efficacy of serum OXA and AST levels for prognosis.Results Compared with the control group,serum OXA level in the AIS group was lower,while AST level was higher(P＜0.05).Ser-um OXA level progressively decreased,and AST level progressively increased across the mild,moderate,mod-erately severe,and severe AIS groups(P＜0.05).NIHSS score was negatively correlated with serum OXA level and positively correlated with AST level in AIS patients(P＜0.05).High OXA level was an independent protective factor for poor prognosis in AIS patients,while high AST level was an independent risk factor(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of the combined assessment of serum OXA and AST levels in predic-ting poor prognosis in AIS patients was 0.873,which was greater than the AUC of OXA(0.793)and AST(0.770)alone(P＜0.05).Conclusion In AIS patients,lower serum OXA level and higher AST level are as-sociated with disease severity and poor prognosis.The combined evaluation of serum OXA and AST levels has higher predictive value for AIS prognosis.

Objective:To prepare decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)-gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) composite hydrogels and to study their effects on hepatocyte proliferation.Methods:Hepatic dECM was prepared by elution, and GelMA hydrogel and 10%, 30% and 50% dECM-GelMA composite hydrogels were prepared by pepsin solubilization. The morphology of normal liver and dECM liver was observed by eyes and scanning electron microscopy using hematoxylin-eosin, Sirius red and periodate-Schiff staining, respectively. The internal structure of the dECM-GelMA composite hydrogels was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the pore diameter was measured. Liver HL-7702 cells were co-cultured with GelMA hydrogel and 10%, 30% and 50% dECM-GelMA composite hydrogels, and the cell proliferation viability was determined by cell counting kit-8. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Wnt family protein 5a (Wnt5a), β-catenin, extracellular-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) were detected by Western blotting. Comparisons were made using independent sample t-test or one-factor analysis of variance. Results:After decellularization, the hepatocyte morphology showed rounded depressions, and the extracellular matrix structure was intact. The GelMA hydrogel and 10%, 30% and 50% dECM-GelMA composite hydrogels showed inernally porous structures. The pore diameter increased from (3.06±1.35) μm in the GelMA hydrogel to (16.01±4.02) μm in the 50% dECM-GelMA composite hydrogel. On the 3rd, 5th and 7th day, the relative cell proliferation was higher in the 50% dECM-GelMA composite hydrogel group than that in the GelMA hydrogel group (1.89±0.04 vs 1.53±0.01, 9.36±0.04 vs 3.89±0.09, 7.15±0.27 vs 4.89±0.15, all P<0.05). The relative expression levels of PCNA, Wnt5a, β-catenin, and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 proteins in the 50% dECM-GelMA composite hydrogel group were higher than those in the GelMA hydrogel group (2.14±0.04 vs 1.00±0.03, 2.36±0.09 vs 1.00±0.08, 1.45±0.03 vs 1.00±0.04, 1.43±0.04 vs 1.00±0.01, all P<0.05). Conclusions:A dECM-GelMA composite hydrogel can be prepared, which may promote hepatocyte proliferation by upregulating the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the correlations of serum levels of platelet activation com-plex-1(PAC-1)and soluble tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis(sTWEAK)with neu-rological deficit and clinical prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI).Methods A total of 170 ACI patients(ACI group)and 85 healthy volunteers(control group)were enrolled in this study.Based on severity of neurological deficit assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score,ACI patients were divided into of mild neurological deficit group(43 cases),moderate neurological deficit group(57 cases),moderate-to-severe neurological deficit group(37 cases),and severe neurological deficit group(33 cases).Additionally,based on the 6-month fol-low-up prognosis,ACI patients were divided into 51 cases of poor prognosis group and 119 cases of good prognosis group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum levels of PAC-1 and sTWEAK.Spearman correlation analysis was performed to evaluate their correlations with NIHSS scores in ACI patients.Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine their relationships with clinical prognosis.Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to explore their evaluation efficacy for poor clinical prognosis.Results Serum levels of PAC-1 and sTWEAK were significantly higher in the ACI group than in the control group(P＜0.05).Ser-um levels of PAC-1 and sTWEAK increased sequentially in the mild,moderate,moderate-to-severe,and severe neurological deficit groups(P＜0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum levels of PAC-1 and sTWEAK were positively correlated with NIHSS scores in ACI patients(rs=0.715 and 0.706,respectively;P＜0.001).Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis revealed that older age,higher NIHSS score,larger infarct volume,higher PAC-1 level,and higher sTWEAK level were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in ACI patients(P＜0.05).The ar-ea under the curve for the combined assessment of serum PAC-1 and sTWEAK levels for poor clini-cal prognosis in ACI patients was 0.895,which was greater than the areas under the curve for the individual assessments(0.792 and 0.786,respectively;P＜0.05).Conclusion Elevated serum levels of PAC-1 and sTWEAK are closely related to increased neurological deficit and poor clinical prognosis in ACI patients.The combined detection of these two markers has high evaluation efficacy for clinical prognosis in ACI patients.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of blepharoplasty using the "double-line technique" in addressing upper eyelid skin laxity in middle-aged and elderly patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of middle-aged and elderly patients with moderate to severe upper eyelid skin laxity who were admitted to the Plastic Surgery Department of Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital between January 2020 and January 2023. The same surgeon performed the "double-line" blepharoplasty to excise excess upper eyelid skin for laxity correction. Patients were positioned flat with their eyes closed; an arcuate line a (5-7 mm above the pupil) and a second line b (aligned with the eyelid margin in an upright position) were marked. The skin between these two lines was excised. Postoperatively, the double eyelid shape, improvement in skin laxity, adverse reactions, and patient satisfaction (categorized as satisfied, basically satisfied, unsatisfied) were assessed.Results:A total of 145 patients were included in the study, comprising 27 males and 118 females. Their ages ranged from 38 to 78 years, with an average age of 52 years. All patients’ incisions healed primarily without complications such as hematoma and infection. During the 3 to 12 months of follow-up after surgery, the double eyelid arcs on both sides appeared symmetrical and natural. The upper eyelid laxity was effectively corrected, obscured vision was improved, crow’s feet were reduced, and the periorbital area was rejuvenated. Patient satisfaction with the surgical results was high, with 112 patients reporting satisfaction, 25 reporting basically satisfied, and 8 reporting dissatisfaction. The overall satisfaction rate reached 94.48%(137/145). Among those dissatisfied, 6 cases cited the double eyelid crease as being too narrow, and 2 cases noted asymmetry in the double eyelid crease.Conclusion:The "double-line method" for blepharoplasty is straightforward to perform and effectively removes excess upper eyelid skin. It is suitable for middle-aged and elderly patients with moderate to severe upper eyelid skin laxity, resulting in favorable surgical outcomes.

Objective To explore the effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)inhibitor LW6 on ferroptosis in septic cardiomyopathy rats.Methods Rat septic cardiomyopathy model was prepared using cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)method.Thirty-six specific pathogen-free(SPF)6-8 weeks male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham-operated group,CLP group,CLP+solvent group,LW6 group,ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)group,and LW6+Fer-1 group.The degree of myocardial damage in each group was evaluated through hematoxylin-eosin stai-ning and detection of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase content in cardiac tissue.Myocardial mitochondrial damage was observed by transmission electron microscopy.Ferroptosis level was determined by detecting iron ion concentration,reduced glutathione,malondialdehyde,and reactive oxygen species.Protein expression levels of HIF-1α,solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11),and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)in cardiac tissue were detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with the CLP group and the CLP+solvent group,the LW6 group could ameliorate myocardial damage,alleviate mitochondrial damage,inhibit ferroptosis-related indicators(all P＜0.05),reduce HIF-1α protein expression levels(P＜0.05),and enhance SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression levels(both P＜0.05).Conclusion LW6 decreases HIF-1α expression and ferroptosis levels through the SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway,and ameliorates sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.

The floating thrombus in the brachiocephalic artery is relatively rare and difficult to diagnose,and it is prone to be missed.This article reports a case of a patient with a floating thrombus in the brachiocephalic artery who underwent endovascular treatment via a combined radial artery and femoral artery approach.The patient presented with slurred speech,weakness in the left limbs,and dizziness.A cranial DWI examination revealed acute cerebral infarction in the right cerebral hemisphere and bilateral cerebellum.A neck CTA examination showed a floating thrombus in the brachiocephalic artery.Currently,there is no consensus on the treatment of floating thrombi in the brachiocephalic artery.The effect of conservative medical treatment for this patient was poor,and endovascular treatment was administered.The vertebral artery and carotid artery protection umbrellas were deployed via the radial artery approach to prevent intraoperative embolism events.A stent was deployed via the femoral artery approach to adhere to the thrombus.A follow-up neck CTA examination of the patient after the operation indicated that the stent was in a good position with complete thrombus apposition.