AIM: To evaluate the postoperative clinical efficacy of non-diffractive extended depth of focus intraocular lens(EDOF IOL)in patients with highly myopic cataract(HMC).METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients diagnosed with HMC at the hospital from January 2022 to December 2024. Patients were divided into an observation group [undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)combined with non-diffractive EDOF IOL implantation] and a control group(undergoing FLACS combined with aspheric monofocal IOL implantation)according to the type of implanted IOL. Postoperative visual acuity(LogMAR), visual quality, and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: A total of 33 patients(47 eyes)were finally included in this study, including 10 patients(17 eyes)in the observation group and 23 patients(30 eyes)in the control group. The observation group had a median age of 59.0(52.8, 63.8)y, with 8 males(13 eyes)and 2 females(4 eyes). The control group had a median age of 56.0(53.5, 60.0)y, with 13 males(17 eyes)and 10 females(13 eyes). At 3 mo postoperatively, the best-corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA)was 0.10(0.08, 0.12)in the observation group and 0.20(0.10, 0.40)in the control group(P=0.586). However, the best-corrected intermediate visual acuity(BCIVA)[0.10(0.10, 0.10)vs 0.50(0.40, 0.90), P=0.032] and best-corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA)[0.20(0.18, 0.20)vs 0.60(0.45, 1.45), P=0.044] in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group. The defocus curve showed that the uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)in the observation group was relatively stable within the range of -2.00 to +1.00 D, which was superior to that in the control group. Postoperative questionnaires showed that the spectacle independence rate(76%)and overall satisfaction(88%)in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(10% and 60%, respectively).CONCLUSION: Non-diffractive EDOF IOL significantly improves intermediate and near visual acuity, reduces spectacle dependence, and maintains distance visual acuity by extending the depth of focus, providing better postoperative visual quality and life satisfaction for HMC patients.

Objective: Blood safety surveillance is a critical measure for the objective assessment of blood quality and enhancing transfusion safety. This study aims to comprehensively understand the current status of blood safety surveillance and management in blood collection and supply institutions in Sichuan Province, systematically analyze existing problems and vulnerabilities, and provide a basis for optimizing management strategies and improving capabilities to ensure blood safety. Methods: The Blood Safety Surveillance questionnaire was designed, covering adverse donor reaction reporting, management of adverse events, and transfusion adverse reaction feedback. An online survey was conducted via Questionnaire Star platform among 21 blood collection and supply institutions in the province, gathering information on management systems, process implementation, and utilization of monitoring data. The collected data were organized and statistically analyzed using Excel. Results: The questionnaire response rate and validity rate were both 100%. Blood collection and supply institutions in Sichuan Province have generally established a blood safety surveillance system and achieved positive outcomes. Regarding adverse events in blood collection and supply, 95.24% (20 institutions) have established reporting procedures, and 66.67% (14) collect information through multiple channels such as internal reports, external reports, and statistical trend feedback. A total of 90.48% (19) institutions regularly summarize and analyze adverse event data, and 85.71% (18) produce reports with improvement recommendations based on this analysis.71.43% (15) institutions implement reward and penalty measures, and 71.43% (15) report underreporting or omission due to accountability or performance concerns. In terms of monitoring adverse blood donation reactions, all blood collection and supply institutions have established full-process management systems.76.19% (16) collect data through multiple approaches, including on-site donation records, voluntary donor reports, and donor follow-ups. Adverse reactions were followed up in 95.24% (20) of institutions with 65% (13) completing follow-ups within 24 hours.80.95% (17) have established investigation procedures, while 66.67% (14) believe underreporting or omission still occurs. All blood collection and supply institutions regularly compile statistics on adverse donation reactions. Of these, 85.71% (18) institutions providing feedback to management departments and 90.48% (19) analyzing the data and making recommendations.76.19% (16) institutions use monitoring data for return donor management and targeted care, and 71.43% (15 stations) incorporate it into management reviews. Regarding adverse transfusion reactions, 95.24% (20) institutions have established and implemented procedures for isolating, recalling, and tracing of problematic blood units. However, only 42.86% (9) have established feedback mechanisms of adverse transfusion reaction with hospitals, and only 19.05% (4) support direct reporting via information systems.47.62% (10) institutions regularly analyze adverse transfusion reaction data, and 19.05% (4) provide feedback and recommendations to relevant hospitals. All blood collection and supply institutions reported challenges in collecting hospital feedback, citing complexities in data collection and reporting processes. Conclusion: Blood safety surveillance systems have been preliminarily established in Sichuan Province. However, further strengthening is still required, including conducting in-depth data analysis and utilization, standardizing the configuration of emergency medications and equipment, and improving feedback mechanisms for adverse transfusion reactions. To improve the overall level of blood safety management, it is recommended to strengthen closed-loop data management, improve feedback mechanisms between blood collection and supply institutions and hospitals, foster a non-punitive reporting culture, and systematically advance the regionalization and standardization of the monitoring system. These efforts will contribute to sustainably improving the overall effectiveness and sustainability of blood safety management.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of blood flow restriction training (BFRT) under different intensities combined with low-intensity resistance training (LIRT) on motor function in stroke patients with frailty. MethodsFrom August, 2024 to August, 2025, 200 elderly ischemic stroke patients with frailty from Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology were randomized into control group and observation groups 1, 2 and 3, with 50 cases in each group. All the groups received 30% 1RM resistance training. In addition, the observation groups received BFRT of 40%, 50% and 60% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP), respectively. Before training, and four and eight weeks after training, their motor function was evaluated with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE), grip strength, 10-Metre Walk Test (10MWT) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS); Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP) was used to assess frailty status; and the score of modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), blood pressure and resting heart rate were recorded. ResultsOne case dropped out in each group. For the scores of FMA-UE and FMA-LE, the grip strength of both hands, the time of 10MWT and the score of BBS, the main effects of group and time, and interaction effect were all significant (F > 2.745, P < 0.05); four weeks after training, the above indexes were better in the observation groups than in the control group (P < 0.05); eight weeks after training, the scores of FMA-UE and FMA-LE, the grip strength of both hand and the score of BBS were better in the observation group 3 than in the observation groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05), and the time of 10MWT was better in the observation group 3 than in the observation group 1 (P < 0.05). For the score of FFP, the main effect of group was significant (F = 688.360, P < 0.001), however, the effects of time and interaction were not significant (P > 0.05). For the score of MAS, the main effect of group was significant (F = 7.171, P = 0.008), however, the effects of time and interaction were not significant (P > 0.05). For the blood pressure and resting heart rate, the main effects of group and time, and interaction effect were not significant (P > 0.05). ConclusionBFRT under different intensities combined with LIRT can safely improve the motor function, grip strength, walking ability in elderly stroke patients, and 60% AOP may be more effective.

Hypertension ranks among the most prevalent chronic non-communicable diseases worldwide, with its prevalence rising steadily and exerting substantial impacts on the demographic composition of voluntary blood donors and the safety of blood supply. The eligibility of hypertensive individuals for safe blood donation and the relevant screening and management strategies have long remained controversial in transfusion medicine. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological characteristics of hypertension, donation-related physiological alterations and underlying risk mechanisms. By synthesizing evidence from international multicenter studies and regulatory practices across major nations, it conducts a comprehensive analysis of blood donation safety and donor admission criteria for hypertensive patients. Available evidence demonstrates that for hypertensives with well-stabilized blood pressure and no severe cardiac, cerebral or renal complications or target organ damage, the overall incidence of adverse reactions following blood donation is comparable to that in healthy donors, and no definitive correlation has been identified between blood pressure levels and vasovagal responses. Current mainstream international management frameworks are gradually shifting from screening reliant on a single blood pressure cutoff value toward an integrated strategy combining stratified risk classification and individualized dynamic assessment, with core focus on long-term blood pressure control, consistency of medication regimens and complication status. Meanwhile, emerging technologies including artificial intelligence, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and wearable devices have opened innovative avenues for blood donation risk evaluation and full-cycle donor management. In light of existing clinical evidence, future efforts should further refine the multi-dimensional risk stratification system, facilitate the implementation of intelligent screening and continuous monitoring technologies, and scale up health education and follow-up management for hypertensive populations. Such measures aim to appropriately expand the pool of eligible blood donors while safeguarding donation safety, ultimately achieving coordinated improvement in blood safety and blood supply capacity.

Intestinal aging is central to systemic aging, characterized by a progressive decline in intestinal structure and function. The core mechanisms involve dysregulation of epithelial cell renewal and gut microbiota dysbiosis. In addition to previous results in model organisms like Drosophila melanogaster, recent studies have shown that in mammalian models, aging causes increased intestinal permeability and intestinal-derived systemic inflammation, thereby affecting longevity. Therefore, anti-intestinal aging can be an important strategy for reducing frailty and promoting longevity. There are three key gaps remaining in the study of intestinal aging: (1) overemphasis on aging-related diseases rather than the primary aging mechanisms; (2) lack of specific drugs or treatments to prevent or treat intestinal aging; (3) limited aging-specific dysbiosis research. In this review, the basic structures and renewal mechanisms of intestinal epithelium, and mechanisms and potential therapies for intestinal aging are discussed to advance understanding of the causes, consequences, and treatments of age-related intestinal dysfunction.

OBJECTIVES: The risk factors and role of mother‒child gut microbiota in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) remain unclear. We aimed to explore the clinical risk factors associated with PIBD, analyze the characteristics of gut microbiota of children and their mothers, and examine the correlation of the microbial composition in mother‒child pairs. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study including children with PIBD and their mothers as the case group, as well as healthy children and their mothers as the control group. Questionnaires were used to collect information such as family illness history and maternal and early-life events. Fecal samples were collected from the children and mothers for microbiota 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing to analyze the composition and its potential association with PIBD. RESULTS: A total of 54 pairs of cases and 122 pairs of controls were recruited. A family history of autoimmune disease and antibiotic use during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of PIBD, and a higher education level of the father was associated with a decreased risk of PIBD. Children with PIBD and mothers exhibited different gut microbiota compared to healthy children and mothers. Similarities were observed in the gut microbiota of mothers and children in the same groups. Some bacterial biomarkers of mothers discovered in this study had the power to predict PIBD in their offspring. CONCLUSIONS PIBD is influenced by maternal risk factors and has unique gut microbiota characteristics. The mother‒child gut microbiota is closely related, suggesting the transmission and influence of the gut microbiota between mothers and children. This study highlights the potential pathogenesis of PIBD and provides a basis for developing targeted interventions.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Female ; Risk Factors ; Case-Control Studies ; Male ; Child ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/etiology* ; Adult ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Feces/microbiology* ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Child, Preschool

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Danzhi Jiangtang Capsule (DZJTC) for repairing renal vascular endothelial injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS: Fifty male SD rat models of DN, established by left nephrectomy, high-sugar and high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection, were randomized into DN model group, low-, medium-, and high-dose DZJTC treatment groups, and DAPT (a γ-secretase inhibitor) treatment group, with 10 rats with normal feeding as the control group. DZJTC was administered by daily gavage at 0.315, 0.63, or 1.26 g/kg, and DAPT (20 mg/kg, dissolved in 50% CMC-Na solution) was given by gavage every other day for 4 weeks; normal saline was given in the control and model groups. After treatment, the levels of creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and microalbuminuria (mALB) were detected with ELISA, and renal pathologies were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Renal expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured by immunohistochemistry, and the protein expressions of CD31 and Notch signaling pathway components were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS: The rat models of DN showed significantly increased CRE, BUN, and mALB levels, obvious renal pathologies under electron microscopy, increased renal VEGF, ET-1 and CD31 expressions, and upregulated Notch1, NICD, and MAML1 protein levels. Treatment with DZJTC at the 3 doses and DAPT significantly reduced CRE, BUN, and mALB levels, improved renal pathology, decreased VEGF, ET-1 and CD31 expressions, and lowered Notch1, NICD and MAML1 levels, and the effects were the most pronounced with high-dose DZJTC. CONCLUSIONS DZJTC ameliorates hyperproliferation and dysfunction of renal vascular endothelium in DN rats possibly by regulating renal VEGF and ET-1 levels via inhibiting NICD- and MAML1-mediated Notch signaling pathway.
Animals ; Male ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Diabetic Nephropathies/drug therapy* ; Receptor, Notch1/metabolism* ; Kidney/blood supply* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; Down-Regulation ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism* ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism*

Adolescent depression is increasingly recognized as a serious mental health disorder with distinct clinical and molecular features. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we identified cell-specific transcriptomic changes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), particularly in astrocytes, of adolescent macaques exhibiting depressive-like behaviors. The level of diacylglycerol kinase beta was significantly reduced in neurons and glial cells of depressed macaques, while FKBP5 levels increased in glial cells. Disruption of GABAergic synapses and disruption of D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism were linked to depressive phenotypes in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and subtypes of astrocytes. Communication pathways between astrocytes and D1/D2-MSNs were also disrupted, involving factors like bone morphogenetic protein-6 and Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase-4. Bulk transcriptomic and proteomic analyses corroborated these findings, and FKBP5 upregulation was confirmed by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence in the NAc of rats and macaques with chronic unpredictable mild stress. Our results highlight the specific roles of different cell types in adolescent depression in the NAc, offering potential targets for new antidepressant therapies.
Animals ; Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism* ; Male ; Transcriptome ; Depression/genetics* ; Astrocytes/metabolism* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Rats

OBJECTIVE: To study bioactive compounds from the endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. HJT-A-6 isolated from stem of Rhodiola tibetica, and evaluate its allelopathic activity. METHODS: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. In addition, the allelopathic activity of compound 1 was evaluated by measuring the seed germination rate of R. tibetica. RESULTS: Two new polyketides 4-hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-2-one (1) and penilactone E (2), together with six known compounds walterolactone A (3), 5-hydroxyhexan-4-olide (4), 3-methyl-2-penten-5-olide (5), chaetoquadrin F (6), (Z)-6-acetyl-3-(1,2-dihydroxypropylidene)-5-hydroxy-8-methylchroman-2-one (7) and 4-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyhexanoyl)-5-methylfuran-2(5H)-one (8) were isolated from Penicillium sp. HJT-A-6. Compound 1 showed moderate seed-germination-promoting activity at a concentration of 0.001 mg/mL while inhibiting the seed germination at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.01 mg/mL. Compared with the positive drug 6-benzyladenine (6-BA), compound 1 could extend the seed-germination period of R. tibetica (up to 11 d). CONCLUSION Two new compounds were isolated from R. tibetica endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. HJT-A-6. Compound 1 displayed plant hormone-like activity, which inhibited the seed germination of the host plant at high concentrations and promoted the seed germination of the host plant at low concentrations. The results not only enrich the chemical constituents of the endophytic fungi isolated from Rhodiola tibetica, but also provide a theoretical basis for understanding the interaction mechanism between Rhodiola tibetica endophytic fungi and the host plant.