Objective To investigate the population density and seasonal fluctuations of Aedes albopictus in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, from 2021 to 2023, so as to provide insights into A. albopictus control and management of dengue fever. Methods The surveillance of A. albopictus density was performed in all surveillance sites assigned across all streets (townships) in Guangzhou City during the period from January to December from 2021 to 2023. The surveillance frequency was twice every half month from May to September, and once every month for the rest of a year. In each surveillance period, A. albopictus mosquito larvae were captured from indoor and outdoor small water containers in residential areas, parks, medical facilities, schools, other government sectors and social organizations, construction sites, special industries and others for mosquito species identification. Adult mosquitoes were captured using electric mosquito suction apparatus for species identification and gender classification. Adult mosquitoes and mosquito eggs were collected with mosquito and egg traps at the breeding and dwelling places of Aedes mosquitoes for identification. The mosquito oviposition index (MOI), Breteau index (BI), adult mosquito density index (ADI) and standard space index (SSI) were calculated. The A. albopictus density was classified into grades 0, 1, 2 and 3 in each surveillance site, with Grade 0 density defined eligible, and the eligible rate of A. albopictus density was calculated at all surveillance sites each year from 2021 to 2023. In addition, the changing trends in MOI, SSI, BI and ADI of A. albopictus were analyzed in Guangzhou City from 2021 to 2023. Results The eligible rates of A. albopictus density were 61.69%, 68.75% and 55.15% in surveillance sites of Guangzhou City from 2021 to 2023 (χ² = 297.712, P < 0.001), and appeared a tendency towards a reduction followed by a rise each year, which gradually reduced since January, maintained at a low level during the period between May and October, and gradually increased from November to December. The MOI, SSI, BI and ADI of A. albopictus all appeared a tendency towards a rise followed by a reduction in Guangzhou City during the period between January and December from 2021 to 2023. The BI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of June in 2021 (4.03), the first half of July in 2022 (3.89) and the last half of August in 2023 (5.02), and the SSI of A. albopictus peaked in the last half of June in 2021 (0.93), the last half of May in 2022 (0.59), and the last half of June (0.94) and the first half of September in 2023 (1.12). In addition, the MOI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of May in 2021 (8.64), the first half of June in 2022 (8.96), and the last half of May (10.21) and the last half of June in 2023 (10.89), and the ADI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of June in 2021 (3.41), the last half of June in 2022 (4.06), and the first half of July in 2023 (3.61). Conclusions The density of A. albopictus is high in Guangzhou City during the period from May to October, and the risk of local outbreak caused by imported dengue fever is high. Persistent intensified surveillance of the density and seasonal fluctuation of A. albopictus is recommended and timely mosquito prevention and control is required according to the fluctuation in the A. albopictus density.

Objective:To screen prognostic genes as indicators for predicting immunoactive in tumor microenvironment(TME)of gastric cancer(GC).Methods:Paraffin tissue specimens and corresponding paracancer tissues were collected from 55 patients with GC.Total 976 GC transcriptome RNA-Seqs and clinical datasets were obtained from TCGA and GEO databases.Infiltra-tion status of immune cells and Immune/Stormal scores were calculated using the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithm.R package"limma"was performed to selected differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine prognostic factors of DEGs.qRT-PCR was demonstrated to detect mRNA expression of the hub genes.Potential biological functions of GREM1 were investigated by GSEA.Correlations of GREM1 with immune signature molecules and drug susceptibility were investigated by TISIDB and CellMiner database.Results:Immune Score was positively correlated with improved outcomes of GC patients.A total of 40 shared TME-related DEGs were selected in the high and low groups of Immune Score and Stromal Score.Four survival-related DEGs were obtained by Cox analysis,which were GREM1,SFRP2,CYP1B1 and MGP.By comparing the difference of gene expres-sion in tumor and adjacent tissues and the degree of affinity with immune microenvironment,it was found that GREM1 was most likely to play a role in immune remodeling in TME;expression of GREM1 was positively correlated with clinicopathological features(TNM),while negatively correlated with survival time of GC patients.GSEA results showed that GREM1 high-expression group were mainly enriched in immune-related active genomes.Besides,GREM1 expression was positively correlated to M2 macrophages,while negatively correlated to CD8+T cells.GREM1 was also positively associated with immunosuppressor TGF-β1,immunopotentiator ENT-PD1,chemokine CCL14 as well as receptor CCR2.Moreover,GC patients with high expression of GREM1 might more sensitive to drug Vismodegib therapy.Conclusion:GREM1 can regard as an immunosuppressive clinical indicator in TME of GC.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Chaihuang Qingyi Huoxue Granules(Bupleuri Radix,unprocessed Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix Rubra,Paeoniae Radix Alba,Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis,etc.)on rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)based on the renin-Ang-Ⅰ otensin system(RAS).Methods Sixty-four SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation group,model group,Chaihuang Qingyi Huoxue Granules group(4.42 g·kg-1)and Captopril group(5 mg·kg-1).Each group was further divided into 12-hour and 24-hour subgroups,with 8 rats in each group.SAP rat model was replicated by retrograde injection of 3.5％sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct.The Captopril group was intraperitoneally injected with Captopril(5 mg·kg-1),and the Chaihuang Qingyi Huoxue Granules group was given intragastric administration,once every 6 hours.The serum amylase(AMY)activity was detected by biochemical method at 12 hours and 24 hours after operation.The pathological changes of pancreatic tissue were observed by HE staining.Serum aldosterone(ALD)content was detected by chemiluminescence.Serum Renin,angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)and angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ)were detected by ELISA.The expression of AT1R protein in pancreatic tissue was detected by Western Blot.Results In the same subgroup at 12 and 24 hours,compared with the sham operation group,the serum AMY activity of rats in the model group was significantly increased(P<0.05),the pathological score of pancreatic tissue was significantly increased(P<0.05),the levels of serum ALD,Renin,Ang-Ⅱ and ACE were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the expression of AT1R protein in pancreatic tissue was significantly up-regulated(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the serum AMY activity of rats in Chaihuang Qingyi Huoxue Granules group and Captopril group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the pathological score of pancreatic tissue was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the levels of serum ALD,Renin,Ang-Ⅱ and ACE were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the expression of AT1R protein in pancreatic tissue was significantly down-regulated(P<0.05).Compared with the Captopril group,the serum AMY of the rats in the Chaihuang Qingyi Huoxue Granules group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the pathological score of pancreatic tissue was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the serum ALD,Renin,Ang-Ⅱ and ACE levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Chaihuang Qingyi Huoxue Granules may inhibit the production of Renin and ALD by down-regulating the expression of ACE-Ang-Ⅱ-AT1R classical axis,thus exerting a protective effect on SAP rats.

Interleukin-34(IL-34)is a member of the interleukin family and functions primarily as a macrophage growth factor.It plays a role in a variety of inflammatory and immune diseases by binding to specific receptors to activate multiple signaling pathways,thereby regulating target immune cell activity.Studies have shown the involvement of IL-34 in cutaneous immunoregulation,particularly in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis(AD).The expression level of IL-34 is significantly reduced in the lesional skin of AD patients,and its role as a potential negative regulator may function by modulating the levels of inflammatory factors and skin barrier components.Increasing local IL-34 levels in the skin may help to limit the progression of the inflammatory response.Therefore,in order to better understand the role of IL-34 in the pathogenesis of AD and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target,this article reviews the signal transduction mechanism,biological characteristics and the role of IL-34 in AD.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Background Anxiety and depression are common perinatal mental health issues that often occur together and can have serious negative effects on both maternal and infant health. Objective To examine the relationships between lifestyle factors and comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) among pregnant women in Shanghai. Methods The study estimated the prevalence of CAD during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) based on data from the China National Birth Cohort (CNBC) embryonic-derived diseases with assisted reproductive technology (ART) sub-cohort. Information on demographics, sleep status, nutritional intake, and exercise during each trimester was collected through self-made questionnaires, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Lifestyle factors (such as sleep status, nutritional intake, and exercise during each trimester) were analyzed using logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to determine their impacts on the prevalence of CAD (yes or no) among pregnant women. Results A total of 2876 pregnant women were included in this study. The prevalence of CAD was 10.6% (305), 3.6% (103), and 5.5% (159) in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. The logistic regression analysis revealed that poor sleep quality throughout the entire pregnancy were statistically associated with an increased prevalence of CAD, and the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 2.817 (1.845, 4.301), 2.840 (1.855, 4.347), and 9.316 (5.835, 14.876) for the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively, when compared to good sleep quality. Additionally, compared to an intake frequency of 7 times per week, the frequency of egg intake ≤3 times per week in the first trimester (OR=2.025, 95%CI: 1.197, 3.425) and the frequency of egg intake of 4–6 times per week (OR=1.896, 95%CI: 1.117, 3.216) or ≤3 times per week (OR=1.906, 95%CI: 1.082, 3.357) in the third trimester were associated with an increased risk of CAD (P<0.05). Moreover, when compared to a frequency of exercise >3 times per week, never or almost never exercising in the second trimester (OR=2.218, 95%CI: 1.220, 4.035) was associated with an increased risk of CAD (P<0.05). The GLMM analysis also demonstrated a significant association between poor sleep quality, lower exercise frequency, or lower intake frequency of vegetables, eggs, or milk and an increased risk of CAD (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of CAD among pregnant women in Shanghai follows a U-shaped distribution, with the highest rate occurring in early pregnancy and the lowest rate in mid-pregnancy. Factors such as poor sleep quality, inadequate intake of vegetables, eggs, or milk, and lack of exercise during pregnancy may increase the risk of CAD. Implementing lifestyle interventions during pregnancy could potentially reduce the risk of mental health problems and improve the overall health of both mothers and babies.

Esophageal cancer （EC） is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with an extremely poor prognosis. MicroRNA （miRNA） is an important regulator in tumor occurrence and development， and can participate in malignant biological behaviors such as tumor cell proliferation， invasion， metastasis and apoptosis. Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of accurate curative effects， wide range of effects， and few side effects. The review uses miRNA as the entry point to systematically elaborate on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine-mediated miRNA intervening in EC. The results showed that active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine （including curcumin， Tussilago farfara polysaccharides， Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides and ophiopogonin B） and Dougen guanshitong oral liquid could up-regulate the expressions of miRNAs such as miRNA-532-3p （miR-532-3p）， miR-551b-3p， miR-99a， miR-34a， miR-199a-3p and miR-377； and the active ingredients/parts of traditional Chinese medicine （including chrysin and Actinidia arguta extract）， and Chinese herbal formulas （including Chaihu shugan san combined with Xuanfu daizhe decoction and Modified jupi zhuru decoction） could down-regulate the expressions of miRNAs such as miR-199a-3p， miR-451 and miR-21， which could regulate the expressions of signaling pathways （phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B， etc.） or their downstream protein（zinc-finger and homeobox protein 1， etc.） or enzymes（thymidine kinase-1， etc.）， inhibit the proliferation， invasion and metastasis of EC cells and induce apoptosis， thereby ultimately achieving the purpose of preventing the disease from aggravating.

Objective To explore the effect of ultra-low dose dexmedetomidine on cough during an-esthesia recovery period in elderly patients undergoing carotid artery stenting(CAS).Methods A total of 111 elderly patients,75 males and 36 females,aged≥65 years,BMI 18-32 kg/m2,ASA physical statusⅡ or Ⅲ,diagnosed with asymptomatic unilateral severe carotid artery stenosis and scheduled for CAS,were randomly assigned to two groups using a random number table:the dexmedetomidine group(group D,n = 55)and the control group(group C,n = 56).Group D was given dexmedetomidine 0.2-0.5 μg/kg before anesthesia induction,and dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused at a ultra-low dose(0.1-0.2 μg·kg-1·h-1)after anesthesia induction to 30 minutes before the end of the operation,while group C did not receive any dexmedetomidine.The anesthesia regimen and intraoperative medication were the same for both groups.The MAP and HR were recorded 15 minutes before anesthesia induction(T0),5 minutes after anesthesia induction(T1),5 minutes before stent implantation(T2),5 minutes after stent implantation(T3),and 5 minutes after tracheal extubation(T4).The dosage of intraoperative propofol and remifentanil,cough and agitation during anesthesia recovery period,respiratory depression(SpO2＜90%),extubation time,postoperative puncture infection,VAS pain score 24 hours after surgery,and postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded.Results Compared with group C,MAP was significantly decreased at T1 and T2,increased at T3 and T4,and HR was significantly decreased at T1,T3,and T4 in group D(P＜0.05).Compared with group C,the intraoperative use of propofol and remifentanil was significantly decreased,and the incidence of cough and agitation during anesthesia recovery period was significantly decreased in group D(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of respiratory depression,ex-tubation time,VAS pain score 24 hours after surgery,and postoperative nausea and vomiting between the two groups.None of the recruited patients experienced infection at the puncture site.Conclusion Ultra-low dose dexmedetomidine can effectively maintain intraoperative hemodynamic stability,reduce the incidence of cough and agitation during anesthesia recovery period,and does not increase other postoperative adverse re-actions,enhancing anesthesia recovery quality in elderly patients undergoing CAS.

Objective:To study the risk factors of venous thromboembolism(VTE)and the predictive value of the improved VTE score model to identify the risk of VTE in gynecological surgery patients.Methods:From Janu-ary 1,2020 to December 31,2022,41 patients with VTE after gynecological surgery were selected as the VTE group,and a total of 164 patients with adjacent gynecological surgeries during the same period were selected as the non-VTE group with a ratio of 1 :4.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to ana-lyze the risk factors of VTE after gynecological surgery,and a modified VTE risk factor rapid assessment model(referred to as the improved VTE score model)was constructed.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to study the predictive value for VTE for in gynecological surgery,and compared with the Caprini score model(Caprini table for short).Results:①Multivatiate Logistic regression analysis showed that there were independent risk factors for postoperative VTE in gynecology surgery(OR＞1,P＜0.05),including age≥60 years,BMI≥28 kg/m2,malignant tumors,surgery time＞3 hours,history of thrombosis,and the increased D-di-mer difference before and after surgery.②The Area under Curve(AUC)of ROC was 0.963 in the improved VTE score model with a Youden index 81.10％,sensitivity 87.80％and specificity 93.29％.The AUC of the Caprini score model was 0.888 with Youden index 63.41％,sensitivity 73.17％and specificity 90.24％.The improved VTE score model the Caprini score model identified 92.68％and 85.37％of VTE patients as high-risk or ex-tremely high-risk,respectively,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusions:More attention should be paid to the six independent risk factors for postoperative VTE in gynecology surgery.The two score models showed a similar identified level.However,the improved VTE score model is more simple and easier to operate,has better practicality,and has certain clinical promotion value.

Reflux esophagitis is an inflammatory disease of esophageal mucosa damage caused by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. Its incidence is on the rise， and it has become an important precancerous disease of esophageal cancer. Studies have shown that the continuous inflammatory response stimulates the esophageal mucosa， causing abnormal proliferation of esophageal epithelial cells and damage to esophageal mucosal tissue， which eventually leads to the occurrence of heterogeneous hyperplasia and even carcinogenesis. The nuclear transcription factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathway is one of the most classical inflammatory and cancer signaling pathways. It has been found that abnormal activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway is crucial to the development and prognosis of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer. It is widely involved in the proliferation， autophagy， apoptosis， and inflammatory response of esophageal epithelial cells and tumor cells， accelerating the transformation of reflux esophagitis to esophageal cancer and making it a potential target for the treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer. Currently， there is no specific treatment for reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， and large side effects often appear. Therefore， finding a promising and safe drug remains a top priority. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine scholars have conducted a lot of research on NF-κB signaling pathway， and the results indicate that NF-κB signaling pathway is an important potential target for traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， but there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic elaboration. Therefore， this paper summarized the relevant studies in recent years， analyzed the relationship among NF-κB signaling pathway， reflux esophagitis， esophageal cancer， and transformation from inflammation to cancer， and reviewed the research literature on the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer， so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal cancer.