Objective To study the resistance levels of adult Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides in Guangdong Province, and to provide the scientific basis for coping with the resistance development of Ae. albopictus and improving the control effectiveness of dengue vector. Methods The resistance of adult Ae. albopictus to common insecticides at different monitoring sites was measured by the diagnostic dose method, and the results of resistance of dengue vector Ae. albopictus in Guangdong Province in 2023 were compared. Results In 2023, a total of 49 monitoring sites across 17 cities were tested for the resistance of adult Aedes albopictus to three pyrethroids (permethrin, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin). Of these, 85.71% were resistant populations, and 14.29% were possible resistant populations. A total of 45 monitoring sites in 17 cities assessed the resistance of adult Aedes albopictus to two types of carbamate insecticides: propoxur and bendiocarb, with 6.67% being resistant populations, 53.33% possibly resistant populations, and 40.00% sensitive populations. Furthermore, the resistance to two organophosphorus drugs, malathion and fenitrothion, was measured at 38 monitoring sites in 7 cities, with 92.11% being resistant populations, 5.26% possibly resistant populations, and 2.63% sensitive populations. Conclusions In the monitoring sites of resistance of adult Ae. albopictus in Guangdong Province in 2023, all adult Ae. albopictus mosquitoes developed resistance to pyrethroids, widespread resistance to organophosphorus insecticides, and less resistance to carbamate insecticides. Mosquito vector control works should focus on environmental control, and mosquito breeding site disposal, with the scientific selection and use of insecticides. In the chemical killing of adult mosquitoes, the use of single-agent pyrethroids and organophosphorus insecticides should be reduced, and strategies such as combining and rotating insecticides should be adopted to delay the development of mosquito resistance and improve control efficiency.

The clinical features, examination findings and genetic testing results of a newborn with neurobehavioral developmental abnormality caused by the PAK3 gene mutation in the Department of Neonatology, Anhui Provincial Children′s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed in November 11, 2021.The male 9-day-old newborn presented with the difficult-to-wean for 9 days after birth.The child had repeated startle reflexes, decreased muscle tension in the extremities, and partial primitive reflexes.Amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) showed the lower and upper boundary voltage of 10 μV and 40 μV, respectively.Obvious mature sleep-wake cycles were not found, and 2 electric seizures were recorded.The aEEG suggested the moderate-to-severe abnormal aEEG.Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the corpus callosum was slightly thinner.The family-centered diagnostic exosome sequencing showed a missense mutation of the PAK3 gene[c.1327 (exon18) G>A, p.G443R], which has not been previously reported at home and abroad.This case enriched the clinical phenotype of the PAK3 gene mutation and suggested the potential value of whole genome sequencing in clinical diagnosis and genetic guidance.

Bacterial antitumor therapy has great application potential given its unique characteristics, including genetic manipulation, tumor targeting specificity and immune system modulation. However, the nonnegligible side effects and limited efficacy of clinical treatment limit their biomedical applications. Engineered bacteria for therapeutic applications ideally need to avoid their accumulation in normal organs and possess potent antitumor activity. Here, we show that macrophage-mediated tumor-targeted delivery of Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009 can effectively reduce the toxicity caused by administrating VNP20009 alone in a melanoma mouse model. This benefits from tumor-induced chemotaxis for macrophages combined with their slow release of loaded strains. Inspired by changes in the tumor microenvironment, including a decrease in intratumoral dysfunctional CD8⁺ T cells and an increase in PDL1 on the tumor cell surface, macrophages were loaded with the engineered strain VNP-PD1nb, which can express and secrete anti-PD1 nanoantibodies after they are released from macrophages. This novel triple-combined immunotherapy significantly inhibited melanoma tumors by reactivating the tumor microenvironment by increasing immune cell infiltration, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, remodeling TAMs to an M1-like phenotype and prominently activating CD8⁺ T cells. These data suggest that novel combination immunotherapy is expected to be a breakthrough relative to single immunotherapy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of long noncoding RNA linc00261 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its correlation with the clinicopathological features and postoperative outcomes of the patients.

METHODSReal-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of linc00261 in surgical specimens of HCC and adjacent tissues from 74 patients. The correlation of the expression level of linc00261 in HCC with the clinicopathological parameters of the patients was analyzed using Chi-square test. The Cox's proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the value of linc00261 in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients after operation. The expression of linc00261 was also examined in 5 HCC cell lines using qRT-PCR. The HCC cell lines MHCC-LM3 and SNU-449 were transfected with small interfering RNAs targeting linc00261 for linc00261 knockdown, and the changes in the cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities were observed using CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay.

RESULTSThe expression level of linc00261 in HCC was significantly correlated with AFP (=0.032), tumor size (=0.007), microscopic vascular invasion (MVI; =0.01), and TNM stage (=002). The patients with lowered expressions of linc00261 in HCC tissues had a significantly shortened tumor-free survival time ( < 0.05), and a lowered expression of linc00261 was identified as an independent risk factor affecting postoperative recurrence-free survival time of the patients ( < 0.05). In HCC cell lines MHCC-LM3 and SNU-449 cells, linc00261 knockdown obviously promoted the cell migration and invasion ( < 0.01) but did not significantly affect cell proliferation ( > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSLinc00261 may serve as a new prognostic biomarker for predicting the postoperative outcomes of the patients with HCC.