Objective To preliminarily investigate the safety and efficacy of donor pancreas needle biopsy in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 7 cases undergoing donor pancreas biopsy were collected retrospectively. All cases underwent donor pancreas biopsy before or during simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. Frozen section or paraffin sectioning techniques were used for tissue preparation, and hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining were performed to histologically evaluate the donor pancreas. The quality of donor pancreas was comprehensively assessed by combining histological findings with the donor's clinical data. Postoperative follow-up data of 5 simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant recipients were collected to summarize the safety of donor pancreas biopsy and the prognosis of transplant recipients. Results The 7 pancreas donors were aged 28 to 62 years, with a body mass index ranging from 20.76 to 27.68 kg/m². Liver ultrasound indicated fatty liver in 3 cases, while pancreatic ultrasound did not reveal any significant abnormalities. Among them, biopsy was performed on 2 donors after completion of pancreatic procurement and processing, and the frozen section histology showed moderate acute pancreatitis changes (edema of acinar cells, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration). Combined with a serum amylase level elevated more than 3 times the upper limit of normal value, these two donor pancreases were finally discarded. The remaining 5 cases underwent biopsy immediately after pancreatic vascular anastomosis during simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation, and histological evaluation was performed on paraffin-embedded sections. No biopsy-related complications (such as bleeding, pancreatic fistula, etc.) occurred after transplantation. One recipient died of severe infection 2 months after transplantation, while the other 4 recipients were followed up for more than 5 years, with well-functioning transplant kidneys and pancreases. Conclusions Donor pancreas biopsy is relatively safe, and the risk of biopsy-related complications after transplantation is controllable. Comprehensive assessment of donor pancreas quality by combining histological evaluation with the donor's clinical indicators is conducive to improving the accuracy of donor pancreas selection and organ utilization.

Patients with gastric cancer undergoing postoperative chemotherapy often develop myelosuppression due to direct injury to the spleen and stomach caused by surgery， depletion of healthy qi by chemotherapy， impaired generation of ying （荣） qi due to spleen and stomach deficiency， and the accumulation of drug toxicity， which prevents ying qi from reaching and nourishing the bone marrow. Consequently， the bone marrow loses its nourishment and becomes unable to generate blood， leading to myelosuppression. This paper proposes that the core pathogenesis involves failure of the middle jiao （焦） pivot function， dysfunction of ying qi circulation， and insufficient nourishment of essence and marrow. Accordingly， Shengxian Decoction （升陷汤） combined with Danggui Buxue Decoction （当归补血汤） is used as the principal prescription to tonify the middle jiao and uplift center qi， thereby remedying the fundamental insufficiency of ying qi. Modified Compound Danshen Decoction （复方丹参饮） is applied to promote qi circulation， resolve stasis， remove toxin， and unblock collaterals， thereby resolving the obstruction preventing ying qi from reaching the bone marrow. Modified Dabuyuan Decoction （大补元煎） combined with Erzhi Pill （二至丸） is taken as the foundational formula to cultivate the root， replenish marrow， thereby modulating hematopoiesis in bone marrow.

Based on cancer collateral theory， this paper proposes toxin-stasis accumulation in collaterals and yin deficiency with toxin hyperactivity as the core pathogenesis of postoperative recurrence of triple-negative breast cancer. Impaired qi transformation in collateral and depletion of yin interact， contributing to toxin-stasis binding， inadequate collateral nourishment， and unrestrained yang activity. The temporal dimension emphasizes yin deficiency with toxin hyperactivity and early reactivation of latent toxin； the spatial dimension emphasizes toxin-stasis accumulation and dissemination through collaterals. Treatment follows the principle of regulating qi and resolving collaterals. Before recurrence， emphasis is placed on nourishing collaterals to restrain latent toxin； after recurrence， on resolving binding while protecting collaterals. Herbal combinations are further tailored to disorders of qi， blood， and fluid collaterals and to the sites of dissemination， integrating treatment according to recurrence status and affected collateral systems. These theoretical propositions are intended to inform clinical reasoning and require clinical validation.

Objective: To screen differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) in tuberculous granuloma using bioinformatics analysis and to analyze their correlation with immune infiltration, so as to provide a theoretical basis for investigating the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB). Methods: The GSE184537 dataset of human tuberculous granuloma was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database as the analysis set, and the GSE157671 dataset was used as the validation set. A total of 232 autophagy-related genes (ARGs) were retrieved from the Human Autophagy Gene Database. DEARGs in tuberculous granuloma tissues were screened. Enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis were performed on the DEARGs to identify key genes. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis was used to evaluate the infiltration abundance of 24 immune cell types, and Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between key genes and immune cell infiltration abundance. The GSE157671 dataset was used to validate the expression differences of key genes. Results: A total of 24 DEARGs were obtained by intersecting the GSE184537 dataset with 232 ARGs. Enrichment analysis showed that the biological processes were significantly enriched in autophagy, protein phosphorylation, and cell growth regulation, and the pathways were enriched in 10 pathways including autophagy, apoptosis, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Protein-protein interaction network analysis was performed to screen a total of 8 key genes, including BIRC5, IFNG, CXCR4, FOS, ERBB2, TNFSF10, EGFR, and CTSB. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the infiltration abundances of CD4+ T lymphocytes, iTreg cells, and Tfh cells were relatively high in tuberculous granuloma tissues, while those of monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells were relatively low (all P<0.05). Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed that the eight key genes were correlated with the infiltration levels of 24 immune cell types. Among them, ERBB2 exhibited a strong positive correlation and CXCR4 exhibited a strong negative correlation with NK cells (both P<0.05). Validation results in the GSE157671 dataset showed the differential expression trends of the 6 key genes were consistent with those in the GSE184537 dataset. Conclusion This study identified eight key ARGs, including BIRC5, IFNG, and CXCR4, which may participate in the development and progression of TB by regulating immune cell infiltration and could serve as potential candidate genes for further research on the pathogenesis of TB.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province from 2015 to 2024, so as to provide a basis for formulating comprehensive prevention and treatment strategies. Methods: Data on cases of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Jiaxing City from 2015 to 2024 were collected via the Surveillance and Reporting Management System of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was used to analyse trend in reported incidence; descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyse the demographic distribution, geographical distribution, and distribution by reporting unit of cases of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Results: From 2015 to 2024, a total of 18 496 cases of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection were reported in Jiaxing City, with an average annual incidence of 37.03/105. The overall trend in reported incidence was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were 3 021 cases among males and 15 475 coses among females, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.20∶1; the average annual reported incidence for males was 11.81/105, which was lower than that for females (63.51/105, P<0.05). The 20-<30 years age group had the highest number of reported cases, with 8 464 cases accounting for 45.76%; the annual reported incidence was relatively high at 120.39/105. From 2015 to 2024, the proportion of cases in the ≥50 years age group showed an upward trend (AAPC=5.682%, P<0.05). The predominant occupations were housework and unemployed, with 8 088 cases accounting for 43.73%. Nanhu District reported the highest number of cases, with 3 976 cases accounting for 21.50%; the annual average reported incidence was relatively high at 58.43/105. From 2015 to 2024, the reported incidence in Xiuzhou District and Jiashan County showed upward trends (AAPC=7.081% and 3.854%, both P<0.05). Maternal and child health institutions and general hospitals reported the highest numbers of cases, with 9 090 and 7 416 cases respectively, accounting for 49.15% and 40.10% of the total. Conclusions From 2015 to 2024, the reported incidence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis in Jiaxing City remained at a moderate level of prevalence, with an overall stable trend. Females, and those aged 20-<30 and ≥50 years were at high risk of infection, while Nanhu District, Xiuzhou District and Jiashan County were key areas for prevention and control.

The concept of holism is the core idea of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Various organs and tissues coordinate with each other to maintain the body's life activities， with a close and mutual influence between the spleen， stomach， and the central nervous system （brain）. The gut-brain axis plays an important bridging role between the digestive system and the central nervous system， achieving bidirectional information exchange between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract through complex neuroendocrine and immune mechanisms. The theory of cross-organ interaction involves the mutual influence， coordination， and integration between different organs and systems； multimodality， on the other hand， utilizes multiple sensory modalities， such as vision， hearing， and touch， to convey information. By combining TCM theory with the gut-brain axis theory， a cross-organ multimodal characterization system is established to explore its mechanism and application value in refractory diseases such as functional gastrointestinal disorders， precancerous gastrointestinal diseases， Alzheimer's disease， Parkinson's syndrome， type 2 diabetes， and depression.

It is believed that the occurrence and development of squamous cell carcinoma （SCC） is closely associated with inflammatory responses. The theory of fire and heat， advocated by LIU Wansu， provides significant clinical guidance for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of SCC. Based on this theory， the pathological mechanisms and clinical characteristics of SCC at different stages were analyzed. In the precancerous and early stages， the primary pathogenesis is qi stagnation leading to internal generation of constrained heat； in post-surgery， the condition shifts to qi deficiency with latent yin fire； during the treatment phase， the pathogenesis involves accumulation of pathogenic factors， excess toxins， and severe heat toxicity； in the late stage， the main pathology is yin deficiency with toxic heat， and phlegm-stasis obstruction of the internal organs. Corresponding stage-based treatment strategies are proposed. In the early stage， regulating qi movement to dissipate constrained heat； for post-surgery， tonifying qi and raising yang to dispel latent fire； during treatment stage， clearing heat and detoxifying to eliminate cancerous toxins； and in the late stage， nourishing yin and unblocking the bowels to clear deficiency heat.

Lung cancer （LC） is a significant global public health issue， with both its incidence and mortality rates ranking among the highest worldwide. The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates are increasing annually， posing a serious threat to the life and health of LC patients. Radical surgical resection is the primary treatment for malignant lung tumors. However， postoperative multidimensional functional impairments， including respiratory， mucosal， and psychological functions， are common. These impairments not only reduce patients' quality of life and affect their treatment tolerance and duration， but also negatively correlate with prognosis， facilitating disease recurrence and metastasis. At present， postoperative functional dysfunction after LC surgery remains a key clinical challenge that urgently needs to be addressed. There is a lack of standardized and regulated postoperative rehabilitation treatment management and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） differentiation and treatment strategies for LC. Focusing on the core underlying pathogenesis of "Qi sinking" after LC surgery， and guided by the classical TCM theory of "lungs governing Qi"， this study， based on the core concept of the "five perspectives on treatment" theory， innovatively proposes the respiratory dysfunction as the core pathogenesis of "Qi sinking in the chest" during the rapid rehabilitation phase， mucosal dysfunction as the core pathogenesis of "Yin deficiency and Qi sinking" during the postoperative adjuvant treatment phase， and the psychological dysfunction as the core pathogenesis of "Qi sinking with emotional constraint" during the consolidation phase. Accordingly， stage-specific dynamic functional protection strategies are constructed. In the rapid rehabilitation phase， the strategy emphasizes tonifying Qi and uplifting sinking Qi， with differentiation and treatment based on the principle of ''descending before ascending''. In the adjuvant treatment phase， the approach focuses on nourishing Yin and uplifting Qi， with prescription combinations that integrate unblocking and tonification. In the consolidation phase， the strategy aims to resolve constraint and uplift Qi， with clinical treatment emphasizing a combination of dynamic and static methods. At each stage of functional rehabilitation， clinical differentiation and treatment should support healthy Qi and eliminate pathogenic factors simultaneously. This study is the first to propose the concept of postoperative functional protection in TCM， offering a new approach for TCM differentiation and treatment in the full-cycle， stage-based， and dynamic protection of postoperative function in LC patients. It is expected to contribute to the construction and development of an integrated TCM-Western medicine comprehensive program for cancer prevention and treatment in China.

Tumor treatment-related adverse reactions are a major focus of clinical concern， among which recurrent aphthous oral ulcers （RAU） associated with targeted therapy for lung cancer （LC） are among the most painful and distressing for patients. Currently， modern medical interventions show limited efficacy， and there is an urgent need for more effective treatment strategies. This study differentiates RAU associated with targeted therapy for LC from chemotherapy-related and ordinary oral ulcers， elucidates the pathophysiological basis of such ulcers， and traces the theoretical origin of "Yin deficiency and Qi collapse". Based on the new system of "five perspectives on diagnosis and treatment" for tumor prevention and treatment， with a focus on the core and symptom perspectives and rooted in the traditional concept of "lung dominating Qi"， we innovatively propose the concept of "medicine-induced ulcer" and are the first to introduce the theory of "Yin deficiency and Qi collapse" into the syndrome differentiation and treatment of RAU associated with targeted therapy for LC （i.e.， medicine-induced ulcer）. We propose that "Yin deficiency and Qi collapse" is the core pathogenesis of medicine-induced ulcers， in which the collapse of formless Qi is the key to their onset， while the deficiency and stasis of tangible Yin and blood constitute the root of recurrence. A hierarchical strategy for syndrome differentiation and treatment is established： first treating the collapse of formless Qi， then replenishing tangible deficiencies， and concurrently preventing recurrence. We emphasize that treatment should address both root and manifestation， with appropriate prioritization. In the acute phase， while relieving symptoms and promoting ulcer healing by nourishing Qi， uplifting collapse， and generating body fluids， attention should also be paid to nourishing spleen Yin， facilitating the circulation of nutritive Qi， and alleviating stasis to target the root pathogenesis and reduce recurrence. A verified case is presented to support this approach. This study enriches the theoretical framework and clinical methods of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of RAU associated with targeted therapy for LC， promotes symptom management of treatment-related adverse reactions through integrated TCM and Western medicine， and provides theoretical support for the construction and development of a comprehensive differentiation and treatment system for lung cancer prevention， treatment， and rehabilitation.

"Stagnation" is an important pathological state in the development and progression of malignant tumors. However， its intrinsic connection with different stages of tumor evolution has not been clearly elucidated in previous studies. Drawing on clinical practice， this paper proposes the theory of stagnant toxin， emphasizing stage-specific pathogenesis and differentiated treatment strategies for tumors based on the varying manifestations of stagnation at each phase. The theory interprets the pathogenesis of stagnant toxin across the stages of tumor development through the five elements "wood， fire， earth， metal， and water" corresponding respectively to wood stagnation in the precancerous stage， metal stagnation in the postoperative phase， fire stagnation during adjuvant therapy， earth stagnation in the progressive stage， and water stagnation in the advanced stage. Each type of stagnation reflects a distinct pathogenic mechanism， such as wood stagnation giving rise to disease， metal stagnation inducing residual symptoms， fire stagnation resulting in ulceration， earth stagnation spreading toxin transmission， and water stagnation leading to critical deterioration. Accordingly， the treatment principles include guiding wood stagnation with counterflow， dispersing metal stagnation to harmonize symptoms， venting fire stagnation to regress ulcers， depleting earth stagnation to block progression， and controlling water stagnation to preserve vitality. This theoretical framework offers a traditional Chinese medicine perspective for understanding and treating malignant tumors based on the concept of stagnant toxin.