In the past decades, significant progress has been achived in cartilage regeneration. The traditional techniques for constructing tissue engineering cartilage scaffold mainly include pore agent method (or template method), phase separation method, gas foaming method, freeze-drying method, electrospinning method, etc. Cartilage is heterogeneous, and it is difficult for traditional scaffolds to simulate the high anisotropy of cartilage. Therefore, functional regeneration of cartilage is challenging. With the progress of three-dimensional(3D) printing technology, it is possible to prepare functional bionic scaffolds with fine structure and gradient changes through co-deposition of biomaterials, cells and active biomolecules, so as to achieve functional cartilage regeneration. This article reviewed 3D printing technology of cartilage tissue engineering, and the application of 3D printing technology in cartilage regeneration at different anatomical positions (articular cartilage, auricle cartilage, nasal cartilage). In addition, the importance of preparing bionic constructs with regional structure gradient and regional composition gradient was discussed. 3D bioprinting technology, 4D printing techniques, smart biomaterials brought hope for the construction of bionic tissues and organs.

In the past decades, significant progress has been achived in cartilage regeneration. The traditional techniques for constructing tissue engineering cartilage scaffold mainly include pore agent method (or template method), phase separation method, gas foaming method, freeze-drying method, electrospinning method, etc. Cartilage is heterogeneous, and it is difficult for traditional scaffolds to simulate the high anisotropy of cartilage. Therefore, functional regeneration of cartilage is challenging. With the progress of three-dimensional(3D) printing technology, it is possible to prepare functional bionic scaffolds with fine structure and gradient changes through co-deposition of biomaterials, cells and active biomolecules, so as to achieve functional cartilage regeneration. This article reviewed 3D printing technology of cartilage tissue engineering, and the application of 3D printing technology in cartilage regeneration at different anatomical positions (articular cartilage, auricle cartilage, nasal cartilage). In addition, the importance of preparing bionic constructs with regional structure gradient and regional composition gradient was discussed. 3D bioprinting technology, 4D printing techniques, smart biomaterials brought hope for the construction of bionic tissues and organs.

Objective To establish a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)method for blood samples of death cases with nitrite poisoning and examine the stability of nitrite in blood,so as to provid a reference for inferring the concentration of nitrite in blood at the time of death and determining whether the death was caused by nitrite poisoning.Methods The 1,8-diaminonaphthalene(1,8-DAN)derivatized GC-MS method was used to detect the blood samples of people who died of nitrite poisoning;Blank blood was taken with nitrite standards,and the content was measured regularly.The stability of nitrite in blood was observed,and its concentration change trend was obtained.Results The concentration in blood of 11 cases of nitrite poisoning deaths ranged from 1.165 μg/mL to 351.551 μg/mL;With the increase of time,the concentration of nitrite in the labeled blood samples gradually decreased.Conclusion The detection method established in this research is easy to operate,has high accuracy and good precision.Nitrite is unstable in blood,it is recommended to detect it as soon as possible to prevent missed detection.

AIM:To investigate the relationship among lens parameters and their correlation with ocular anatomic characteristics in myopia patients implanted with posterior-chamber phakic implantable collamer lens(Phakic-ICL).METHODS:Retrospective study. A total of 46 myopia patients(46 eyes)who underwent Phakic-ICL implantation were collected in the Wuxi Huaxia Eye Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023. Preoperative evaluation of ocular anatomical characteristics included corneal central thickness(CCT), anterior chamber depth(ACD), axial length(AL), white-to-white(WTW), horizontal sulcus to sulcus(STSH), horizontal angle to angle(ATAH), and vertical sulcus to sulcus(STSV), vertical angle to angle(ATAV). Furthermore, lens parameters included horizontal crystalline lens rise(CLRH), vertical CLR(CLRV)and vertical lens thickness(LTV). The difference, consistency and correlation of the above parameters were analyzed.RESULTS:Except for differences between WTW and STSV, STSH and ATAV, which were not statistically significant(all P>0.05), the other horizontal and vertical ocular anatomical characteristics were statistically significant(P<0.05). CLRH and CLRV had statistically significant difference(P<0.01), while LTH and LTV were not statistically significant difference(P>0.05). Bland-Altman results revealed that the anatomical characteristics in the horizontal or vertical diameters showed poor consistency. The consistency between CLRH and CLRV was poor. There was consistency between LTH and LTV, with the 95% limits of agreement(LoA)between the differences ranging from -0.21 to 0.28 mm, and the proportion of out-of-line points off the 95% LoA was 4.35%. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that there were correlations between the anatomical characteristics of the horizontal and vertical diameters(P<0.01). Meanwhile, there was no correlation between the anteroposterior diameters(P>0.05). There were correlations between the lens parameters(P<0.05), excepted for the CLRH, LTH and LTV, which had no correlation. AL correlated with the anatomical characteristics of the horizontal and vertical diameters(P<0.05), but it had no correlation with lens parameters(P>0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that LT=0.419+0.017×age-0.548×ACD+0.371×ATAH+0.884×CLRV, CLRH=-0.443+0.809×CLRV, CLRV=-0.092-0.200×ATAH+0.560×CLRH(corrected R2=0.458, 0.482, 0.589, respectively).CONCLUSION:Horizontal and vertical diameters were not interchangeable. CLRH and CLRV were not interchangeable, while LTH and LTV were interchangeable. Partial lens parameters, WTW, STS, and ATA were correlated with ACD. Finally, age, ACD, ATAH, and CLRV influenced LT.

Objective:To evaluated the safety and feasibility of dissection of lymph nodes posterior to right recurrent laryngeal nerve (ⅥB compartment) in endoscopic thyroidectomy through gasless axillary posterior approach.Methods:A total of 350 cases with right lobe papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) who underwent endoscopic lobectomy, isthmusectomy and central compartment neck dissection via gasless axillary posterior approach based at the Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from June 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Summarize the clinical, pathological characteristics, and postoperative complications of the patients. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data.Results:All 350 patients underwent endoscopic surgery successfully, with no conversion to open surgery. There were 303 females and 47 males, with an average age of (36.3±9.2) years. Of those, 287 patients were in pT1a stage, 62 in pT1b stage, and one patient in pT2 stage. There was no T3 or T4 stage patient. The mean numbers of yielded lymph nodes in right central compartment and ⅥB compartment were 8.11±4.65 (range, 1-31) and 2.62±1.86 (range, 1-12), respectively. ⅥB compartment metastasis was detected in 52 (14.86%) of 350 patients. The incidence of transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was 0.86%(3/350). Postoperative hematoma occurred in three patients (0.86%).Conclusion:The dissection of ⅥB compartment in endoscopic thyroidectomy through gasless axillary posterior approach is safe and feasible in selected PTC patients

Objective To construct a nomogram model to predict the risk of pressure injuries(PI)in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit(ICU).Methods Clinical data of mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU of Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University from January 1,2020 to March 15,2023 were retrospectively collected as the training set,and data from ICU of the same hospital from October 1,2023 to December 11,2023 were collected as the external validation set.Risk variables for PI were selected using LASSO regression and Cox proportional hazards model,and a nomogram model was constructed.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the model.Calibration curve and decision curve analysis(DCA)were used to assess the model's calibration and clinical applicability.The external validation was performed using the validation set data.Results A total of 580 mechanically ventilated patients were included in the training set,with 84 cases(14.5％)of PI.LASSO regression and Cox proportional hazards model selected 10 variables to construct the nomogram model.The ROC curve showed an AUC of 0.830 for predicting PI in mechanically ventilated patients.Calibration curve and DCA indicated good calibration and predictive performance of the model.The external validation set included 100 patients,with 12 cases of PI,and the AUC was 0.870.Calibration curve and DCA showed good model performance.Conclusions The nomogram model based on LASSO-Cox regression has good predictive performance and can be used to screen high-risk population for PI in mechanically ventilated patients.

Objective: QL1604 is a highly selective, humanized monoclonal antibody against programmed death protein 1. We assessed the efficacy and safety of QL1604 plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with advanced cervical cancer. Methods: This was a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase II study. Patients with advanced cervical cancer and not previously treated with systemic chemotherapy were enrolled to receive QL1604 plus paclitaxel and cisplatin/carboplatin on day 1 of each 21-day cycle for up to 6 cycles, followed by QL1604 maintenance treatment. Results: Forty-six patients were enrolled and the median follow-up duration was 16.5 months. An 84.8% of patients had recurrent disease and 13.0% had stage IVB disease. The objective response rate (ORR) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Advanced Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 was 58.7% (27/46). The immune ORR per immune RECIST was 60.9% (28/46).The median duration of response was 9.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]=5.5–not estimable). The median progression-free survival was 8.1 months (95% CI=5.7–14.0). Fortyfive (97.8%) patients experienced treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). The most common grade≥3 TRAEs (>30%) were neutrophil count decrease (50.0%), anemia (32.6%), and white blood cell count decrease (30.4%). Conclusion QL1604 plus paclitaxel-cisplatin/carboplatin showed promising antitumor activity and manageable safety profile as first-line treatment in patients with advanced cervical cancer. Programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy may be a potential treatment option for the patient population who have contraindications or can’t tolerate bevacizumab, which needs to be further verified in phase III confirmatory study.

Objective: QL1604 is a highly selective, humanized monoclonal antibody against programmed death protein 1. We assessed the efficacy and safety of QL1604 plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with advanced cervical cancer. Methods: This was a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase II study. Patients with advanced cervical cancer and not previously treated with systemic chemotherapy were enrolled to receive QL1604 plus paclitaxel and cisplatin/carboplatin on day 1 of each 21-day cycle for up to 6 cycles, followed by QL1604 maintenance treatment. Results: Forty-six patients were enrolled and the median follow-up duration was 16.5 months. An 84.8% of patients had recurrent disease and 13.0% had stage IVB disease. The objective response rate (ORR) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Advanced Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 was 58.7% (27/46). The immune ORR per immune RECIST was 60.9% (28/46).The median duration of response was 9.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]=5.5–not estimable). The median progression-free survival was 8.1 months (95% CI=5.7–14.0). Fortyfive (97.8%) patients experienced treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). The most common grade≥3 TRAEs (>30%) were neutrophil count decrease (50.0%), anemia (32.6%), and white blood cell count decrease (30.4%). Conclusion QL1604 plus paclitaxel-cisplatin/carboplatin showed promising antitumor activity and manageable safety profile as first-line treatment in patients with advanced cervical cancer. Programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy may be a potential treatment option for the patient population who have contraindications or can’t tolerate bevacizumab, which needs to be further verified in phase III confirmatory study.

Objective: QL1604 is a highly selective, humanized monoclonal antibody against programmed death protein 1. We assessed the efficacy and safety of QL1604 plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with advanced cervical cancer. Methods: This was a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase II study. Patients with advanced cervical cancer and not previously treated with systemic chemotherapy were enrolled to receive QL1604 plus paclitaxel and cisplatin/carboplatin on day 1 of each 21-day cycle for up to 6 cycles, followed by QL1604 maintenance treatment. Results: Forty-six patients were enrolled and the median follow-up duration was 16.5 months. An 84.8% of patients had recurrent disease and 13.0% had stage IVB disease. The objective response rate (ORR) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Advanced Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 was 58.7% (27/46). The immune ORR per immune RECIST was 60.9% (28/46).The median duration of response was 9.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]=5.5–not estimable). The median progression-free survival was 8.1 months (95% CI=5.7–14.0). Fortyfive (97.8%) patients experienced treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). The most common grade≥3 TRAEs (>30%) were neutrophil count decrease (50.0%), anemia (32.6%), and white blood cell count decrease (30.4%). Conclusion QL1604 plus paclitaxel-cisplatin/carboplatin showed promising antitumor activity and manageable safety profile as first-line treatment in patients with advanced cervical cancer. Programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy may be a potential treatment option for the patient population who have contraindications or can’t tolerate bevacizumab, which needs to be further verified in phase III confirmatory study.

Objective:To investigate the effect of different negative pressure level on drain volume after augmentation mammoplasty through inframammary fold incision, and try to put forward the appropriate negative pressure level for the best prognosis of patients.Methods:This was a randomized controlled clinical study. Patients who underwent prosthetic augmentation mammoplasty through inframammary fold incision in the Medical Beauty Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to August 2021 were selected as the study subjects. Patients were divided into 4 groups by random number table method and different levels of negative pressure drainage were applied: 600 ml adjustable negative pressure drain bottle was used uniformly after operation by -80--85 kPa group, -40--60 kPa group, and -15--30 kPa group. In 0--5.2 kPa group, 300 ml drain drum was applied after operation. The criteria for drain removal was that the drain volume within 24 hours was less than 10 ml and the drainage fluid was clear. Daily drain volume, duration of drain placement, total drain volume, acceptance of the drain device and postoperative complications were recorded in the four groups. The corresponding indexes of each group were statistically analyzed by SPSS 21.0. Measurement data were expressed as Mean±SD. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between groups, and LSD- t test was used for pair comparison between groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 80 patients were included, 20 in each group. Inter-group equilibrium analysis: there was no significant difference in age, body mass index, distance from midclavicular point to nipple, distance from inferior mammary fold to nipple, and breast tissue thickness among 4 groups ( P>0.05). Evaluation of curative effect between groups: on the first and second day after operation, there was no significant difference in drain volume between -80--85 kPa group and -40--60 kPa group ( P>0.05), but there was significant difference among other groups ( P<0.05). There was significant difference in drain volume on the third day after operation, total drain volume and duration of drain placement between the four groups ( P<0.05). The lower the negative pressure level was, the less drain volume on the third day after surgery and the less total drain volume, and the shorter duration of drain placement. The duration of drain placement of the four groups were (5.6±0.7) d (-80--85 kPa group), (4.8±0.5) d (-40--60 kPa group), (4.0±0.5) d (-15--30 kPa group), and (3.2±0.4) d (0--5.2 kPa group), respectively. Safety evaluation: the complication rate of -80--85 kPa group, -40--60 kPa group, -15--30 kPa group and 0--5.2 kPa group were 2.5% (1/40), 2.5% (1/40), 0(0/40) and 15.0% (6/40), respectively. The complication rate of 0--5.2 kPa group was the highest. Investigation on the acceptance of the drainage device (no impact/dissatisfaction): 75 patients expressed dissatisfaction, with a dissatisfaction rate of 93.75%(75/80). Conclusion:In augmentation mammoplasty through inferior fold incision low negative pressure provides less drain volume, shorter drain placement. Negative pressure between -15 to -30 kPa is optimal.