Chronic liver diseases with common causes including viral infections， alcohol abuse， and autoimmune diseases. Alkaloids， as a class of plant-derived compounds， have shown significant potential in regulating chronic liver diseases. Recent studies have shown that alkaloids are able to exert a therapeutic effect on chronic liver diseases through multiple pathways. These compounds have a regulatory effect on key pathological processes such as liver fibrosis， inflammatory response， oxidative stress， and cell apoptosis， and they also regulate the metabolic homeostasis of hepatocytes by modulating multiple signaling pathways， thereby playing a role in regulating chronic liver diseases. This article reviews the role and mechanism of alkaloids in the treatment of chronic liver diseases， in order to provide new ideas and directions for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.

Hypertension is a systemic chronic vascular disease. From the perspective of Traditional Chinese Syndromes, hypertension belongs to the category of liver fire, vertigo, liver yang, headache and so on. Chinese medicine treatment of hypertension has gradually become a hot research topic, and using Chinese herbal medicine to reduce blood pressure has also achieved good results. In recent years, researches on anti-hypotension of Bidens pilosa L. has gradually increased. The related research of Bidens pilosa L., including the ancient literature, modern research, functional components and mechanism were mainly summarized, the application of Bidens pilosa L. in lowering blood pressure were anticipated, with a view to provide reference for the further development and utilization of Bidens pilosa L. in treatment of hypertension.

A 32-year-old female patient experienced a foreign body sensation in her esophagus on the evening of September 22, 2024, after consuming undercooked grass carp at a restaurant in Wuhan. Esophagoscopy conducted at the hospital revealed no abnormalities. Three days later, she had a stabbing pain in the pharynx. On October 8, upon self-examination, she noticed a red brown worm exhibiting stretching and contracting movements attached near the uvula in her pharynx and then went to the hospital. During the removal of the worm, the doctor observed the ulcers on the mucous membrane. Serological antibody tests for seven common human parasitic worms, including Schistosoma japonicum, Paragonimus westermani, Clonorchis sinensis, cysticercus of Taenia solium, sparganum, hydatid cyst, and Trichinella spiralis, were all negative. The isolated worm was reddish brown, measuring 4 mm in length and 2 mm in width. Staining with hydrochloric carmine dye revealed a morphology consistent with Clinostomum complanatum (Rud., 1819), characterized by an oral sucker at the anterior end, a pharynx connecting to intestinal branches, and two intestinal branches extending to the posterior end of the body with small sub-branches. The ventral sucker, larger than the oral sucker, was located at the front 1/4 of the body. A pair of testes were arranged longitudinally in the mid-posterior part, with an ovary located between the two testes and a uterus located above the upper testis. A comprehensive search of 188 databases comprising more than 460 million full-text articles through the library of Huazhong University of Science and Technology confirmed the first reported case of Clinostomum complanatum infection in humans in China.

BACKGROUND: Durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) failed to bring survival benefits to patients with epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) mutations in PACIFIC study (evaluating durvalumab in patients with stage III, unresectable NSCLC who did not have disease progression after concurrent chemoradiotherapy). We aimed to explore whether locally advanced inoperable patients with EGFR mutations benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and the optimal treatment regimen. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from inception to December 31, 2022 and performed a meta-analysis based on a Bayesian framework, with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) as the primary endpoints. RESULTS: A total of 1156 patients were identified in 16 studies that included 6 treatment measures, including CRT, CRT followed by durvalumab (CRT-Durva), TKI monotherapy, radiotherapy combined with TKI (RT-TKI), CRT combined with TKI (CRT-TKI), and TKI combined with durvalumab (TKI-Durva). The PFS of patients treated with TKI-containing regimens was significantly longer than that of patients treated with TKI-free regimens (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.66). The PFS of TKI monotherapy was significantly longer than that of CRT (HR = 0.66, 95% CI, 0.50-0.87) but shorter than RT-TKI (HR = 1.78, 95% CI, 1.17-2.67). Furthermore, the PFS of RT-TKI or CRT-TKI were both significantly longer than that of CRT or CRT-Durva. RT-TKI ranked first in the Bayesian ranking, with the longest OS (60.8 months, 95% CI = 37.2-84.3 months) and the longest PFS (21.5 months, 95% CI, 15.4-27.5 months) in integrated analysis. CONCLUSIONS: For unresectable stage III EGFR mutant NSCLC, RT and TKI are both essential. Based on the current evidence, RT-TKI brings a superior survival advantage, while CRT-TKI needs further estimation. Large randomized clinical trials are urgently needed to explore the appropriate application sequences of TKI, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. REGISTRATION PROSPERO; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ; No. CRD42022298490.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy* ; ErbB Receptors/genetics* ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Mutation/genetics* ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use*

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of action of curcumol on mitochondrial autophagy in hepatic stellate cells and its molecular mechanism against liver fibrosis. Methods : Hepatic stellate cells were divided into blank group, model group(lipopolysaccharide 5 mg/L), and low, medium and high curcumol group(12.5, 25 and 50 mg/L); Thiazolyland(MTT) was used to detect the effects of curcumol on the viability of hepatic stellate cells; flow cytometry was used to detect the effects of curcumol on apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells; 5,5′,6,6′-Tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylimidacarbocyanine iodide(JC-1) was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential; effects of curcumol on mitochondrial morphology and autophagosome were detected by transmission electron microscopy; effect of curcumol on mitochondrial localisation were detected by fluorescent probe; Immunoblotting assay was performed to detect the effects of curcumin on PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1), Parkinson's disease protein(Parkin), microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3), autophagy-associated protein(Beclin1), mitochondrial inner membrane translocase 23(Timm23), mitochondrial outer membrane translocase 20(Tomm20), Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax), B lymphocytoma-2(Bcl2), cleaved-cysteine protease 3(Caspase3), α-smooth muscle actin(ɑ-SMA), collagen type Ⅰ(Collagen Ⅰ), and collagen type Ⅲ(Collagen Ⅲ) protein expression. Results : Compared with the blank control group, cell proliferation rate, Caspase3, Bcl2, LC3Ⅱ, Beclin1, PINK1, Parkin, ɑ-SMA, CollagenⅠ, CollagenⅢ proteins significantly increased in the model group(P<0.01), co-localisation of mitochondria and lysosomes increased, and the number of mitochondrial autophagosome significantly increased(P<0.01), while Timm23 and Tomm20 proteins, mitochondrial membrane potential decreased significantly(P<0.01), apoptosis rate decreased, and Bax protein expression decreased. Compared with the model group, after curcumol intervention, cell proliferation rate, Bcl2, Timm23, Tomm20, α-SMA, CollagenⅠ and CollagenⅢ protein expression significantly decreased in the curcumol low-, medium-and high-concentration groups(P<0.01), and the mitochondrial membrane potential significantly decreased(P<0.01), whereas apoptosis rate, Caspase3, Bax, LC3Ⅱ, Beclin1, PINK1 and Parkin proteins significantly increased(P<0.05), the co-localisation of mitochondria and lysosomes increased, and the number of mitochondrial autophagosome significantly increased(P<0.01). Conclusion Curcumol exerts ameliorative effects on hepatic fibrosis by modulating mitochondrial hyperautophagy mediated by the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway, and promoting hepatic stellate cell apoptosis.

Objective:To explore the optimal index of rotational displacement of femoral neck fractures by modeling the axial rotational displacement of femoral neck fractures after reduction and based on X-ray projections.Methods:Six dry human femur specimens, comprising 2 males and 4 females, were utilized in the study. Design and manufacture a proximal femur ortholateral and oblique X-ray casting jigs and mounts. The femoral neck fracture was modeled on the femoral specimen, with Pauwells 30°, 50°, and 70° models (2 each) made according to Pauwells typing. The fractures were manually repositioned with residual anterior 20°, 40° and 60° axial rotational displacements. Each fracture model was projected at different angles (pedicled 40°, pedicled 20°, vertical 0°, cephalad 20°, and cephalad 40°), and the trabecular angle and Garden's alignment index of the model were measured to observe the imaging characteristics of the fracture line on the medial oblique and lateral oblique radiographs.Results:In the presence of a 20° and 40° anterior rotational displacement following reduction of a femoral neck fracture, the trabecular angle in the rotationally displaced group was not significantly different from that of the anatomically repositioned group in various projection positions. However, when a residual rotational displacement of 60° was present, the trabeculae appeared blurred at most projection angles in the Pauwells 30° and 50° models, failing to measure trabecular angles. In the Pauwells 70° fracture model, the trabecular angle in the rotational displacement group was significantly different from that in the anatomical reduction group. In anteroposterior radiographs, when the anterior rotation displacement was 60° in the Pauwells 70° group, Garden's contralateral index showed an unsatisfactory restoration (150°, 142°), whereas all rotationally displaced models in the Pauwells 30° and Pauwells 50° groups had a Garden's contralateral index of >155°, which achieved an acceptable restoration. In lateral radiographs, all rotational displacement models with Garden's alignment index>180° failed to achieve acceptable repositioning, and the larger the Pauwells angle the greater the Garden's alignment index at the same rotational displacement. In the internal oblique position with a bias towards the foot side, the image showed partial overlap between the femoral head and the shaft, making it difficult to assess the quality of the reduction. Conversely, when projected cephalad, the femoral neck appeared longer, particularly at a projection angle of 40° cephalad, allowing for clear observation of the fracture line and the anatomy of the proximal femur. The trabeculae were not well visualized in the external oblique position.Conclusion:There are limitations in applying the trabecular angle to assess the axial rotational displacement of the femoral head after reduction of femoral neck fractures. The Pauwells 70° with residual rotational anterior displacement of 60° was the only way to detect axial rotational displacement of the femoral head on anteroposterior radiographs Garden's alignment index. For the determination of axial rotational displacement of the femoral head, the Garden's alignment index on lateral radiographs provides higher reliability.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,the development of liver organoids has made it a hot spot in the field of international liver disease research,but there is still no article on the bibliometric analysis of liver organoids. OBJECTIVE:To explore the hot trends in liver organoids in the last 20 years based on bibliometrics and visualization analysis. METHODS:We searched the articles about liver organoids in the Web of Science Core Collection from January 1,2002 to November 12,2022.Origin,Office,and CiteSpace software were used for bibliometrics and visualization analysis.We statistically analyzed the number of annually published articles,countries,institutions,authors,journals,and keywords of the articles by generating charts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of articles,citation frequency,institutions and personnel involved in the research about liver organoids showed an overall upward trend in the last 20 years,indicating that the field was growing rapidly and attention was increasing.The USA had published the most papers and had the strongest influence in this field.Although it had invested a lot of time and energy,the number of papers published by a single research institution in the USA was not the highest among many research institutions.China was second only to the USA in the number of publications,with the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Fudan University leading the list.Utrecht University in the Netherlands was the institution with the most publications.Clevers H was the author with the highest number of articles.The article with the highest co-citation frequency was"Long-term culture of genome-stable bipotent stem cells from adult human liver".The main fields of study for liver organoids were Molecular Science,Biology,and Immunology.The most frequently occurring keywords were stem cell,in vitro,and culture.The research hotspots in the liver organoids field were mainly focused on in vitro stem cell three-dimensional culture,differentiation and gene expression.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of thrombus permeability for poor outcome and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) after endovascular therapy (EVT) in patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke.Methods:Patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke underwent EVT at the Cardiocerebrovascular Disease Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University from January 2018 to January 2024 were included retrospectively. Thrombus attenuation increase (TAI) was used to evaluate thrombus permeability. The poor outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score >2 at 90 days after procedure. sICH was defined as an increase of ≥4 of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score relative to baseline or lowest within 7 days after EVT, and CT scan showed cerebral hemorrhage. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factors of poor outcome and sICH. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was used to evaluate the predictive value of TAI for poor outcome and sICH. Results:A total of 77 patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke received EVT treatment were enrolled, including 44 males (57.1%), aged 62.1±12.4 years. Thirty-three patients (48.1%) had poor outcome, 35 (45.5%) experienced hemorrhagic transformation, of which 12 (15.6%) were sICH. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TAI (odds ratio [ OR] 0.930, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 0.883-0.980; P=0.007) and sICH ( OR 0.868, 95% CI 0.784-0.961; P=0.006) were the independent influencing factors of poor outcome. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of TAI for predicting poor outcome at 90 days was 0.836 (95% CI 0.742-0.930). The cut-off value was 10.135 HU. The sensitivity and specificity were 73.0% and 92.5%, respectively. The area under the curve of TAI for predicting sICH was 0.750 (95% CI 0.637-0.902). The cut-off value was 18.200 HU. The sensitivity and specificity were 94.1% and 64.5%, respectively. Conclusions:TAI has certain predictive value for poor outcome and sICH after EVT in patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke. Patients with higher thrombus permeability are less likely to develop sICH after EVT and have a higher likelihood of good outcome.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of different intracavitary operations for calyceal diverticulum calculi,so as to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of such disease.Methods A retrospective analysis of the data of 21 patients with calyceal diverticulum calculi was conducted during Jan.2015 and Dec.2021.The patients were divided into the retrograde intrarenal surgery(RIRS,n=14)group and percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL,n=7)group.The perioperative data were compared.Results There was no significant difference in stone load between the RIRS group and PCNL group[(11.56±4.79)mm vs.(13.06±6.27)mm,P=0.609].There were significant differences in the thickness of renal parenchyma at the top of the diverticulum[(10.08±4.81)mm vs.(5.24±2.23)mm,P=0.005],operation time[(58.57±19.23)min vs.(88.29±25.28)min,P=0.007],hospitalization time[3(1,5)vs.12(5,7),P=0.023]days.After operation,there were no significant differences in stone-clearance rate,decrease of hemoglobin,and postoperative complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Both RIRS and PCNL are viable options for treating renal calyceal diverticulum calculi.RIRS has advantages of shorter operation time and hospital stay.PCNL can be an alternative treatment when RIRS is unsuccessful.

Objective To compare the cortical activation characteristic in the healthy subjects and hemiplegia patients during execut-ing treadmill walking with visual feedback(TWVF). Methods From August to November,2021,eight stroke patients with right hemiplegia(patient group)and eight healthy subjects(healthy group)in Fifth Hospital of Xiamen were recruited.Both groups wore functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)caps and executed TWVF,respectively.Experimental block design for walking modes in-cluded the preparation period(10 s)and task period(five cycles of"step 30 s-rest 30 s").The cortical activation(β values)were measured.The regions of interest(ROI)included the pre-motor cortex(PMC),supplementary motor area(SMA),primary motor cortex(M1),primary somatosensory cortex(S1)and sensorimotor cortex(SMC,M1+S1). Results No activation in bilateral M1,and some significant activation(P<0.05)in the left hemisphere SAM,PMC and S1,were found during walking in the healthy group.M1 was activated more in the unaffected(right)hemisphere than in the affected(left)hemisphere during walking in the patient group(P<0.05),and less PMC activation was found(P<0.05).M1 in bilateral hemispheres,SMA in the unaffected hemisphere and PMC in the affected hemi-sphere were activated more in the patient group than in the healthy group(P<0.05). Conclusion The locomotor network of SMC-PMC-SMA are activated more in the hemiplegic patients than in the healthy pepole during walking.M1 are almost not activated in the healthy people during walking,and compensa-torily activated in M1 of the unaffected side in the hemiplegic patients.