Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver injury resulting from factors like viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fatty liver disease, and cholestatic liver disease. Liver transplantation is currently the gold standard for treating severe liver diseases. However, it is limited by a shortage of donor organs and the necessity for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into various liver cells and enhance liver function when transplanted into patients due to their differentiation and proliferation capabilities. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative therapy for treating liver diseases, especially for liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver transplant complications. However, due to the potential tumorigenic effects of MSCs, researchers are exploring a new approach to treating liver fibrosis using extracellular vesicles (exosomes) secreted by stem cells. Many studies show that exosomes released by stem cells can promote liver injury repair through various pathways, contributing to the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms by which stem cell exosomes affect liver fibrosis through different pathways and their potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, we discuss the advantages of exosome therapy over stem cell therapy and the possible future directions of exosome research, including the prospects for clinical applications and the challenges to be overcome.

Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver injury resulting from factors like viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fatty liver disease, and cholestatic liver disease. Liver transplantation is currently the gold standard for treating severe liver diseases. However, it is limited by a shortage of donor organs and the necessity for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into various liver cells and enhance liver function when transplanted into patients due to their differentiation and proliferation capabilities. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative therapy for treating liver diseases, especially for liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver transplant complications. However, due to the potential tumorigenic effects of MSCs, researchers are exploring a new approach to treating liver fibrosis using extracellular vesicles (exosomes) secreted by stem cells. Many studies show that exosomes released by stem cells can promote liver injury repair through various pathways, contributing to the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms by which stem cell exosomes affect liver fibrosis through different pathways and their potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, we discuss the advantages of exosome therapy over stem cell therapy and the possible future directions of exosome research, including the prospects for clinical applications and the challenges to be overcome.

Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver injury resulting from factors like viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fatty liver disease, and cholestatic liver disease. Liver transplantation is currently the gold standard for treating severe liver diseases. However, it is limited by a shortage of donor organs and the necessity for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into various liver cells and enhance liver function when transplanted into patients due to their differentiation and proliferation capabilities. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative therapy for treating liver diseases, especially for liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver transplant complications. However, due to the potential tumorigenic effects of MSCs, researchers are exploring a new approach to treating liver fibrosis using extracellular vesicles (exosomes) secreted by stem cells. Many studies show that exosomes released by stem cells can promote liver injury repair through various pathways, contributing to the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms by which stem cell exosomes affect liver fibrosis through different pathways and their potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, we discuss the advantages of exosome therapy over stem cell therapy and the possible future directions of exosome research, including the prospects for clinical applications and the challenges to be overcome.

ObjectiveTo analyze the measures and effects of comprehensive noise control in an automobile engine manufacturing enterprise. Methods An automobile engine manufacturing enterprise with noise exposure work-sites was selected as the research subject. The noise hazard status of the enterprise was investigated. The noise hazard exceeded the national standard in work-sites was comprehensively treated. The treatment effect was analyzed. Results A total of 395 work-sites exposed to noise were detected. Among them, 16 work-sites exceeded the national noise standard, with the rate of 4.1%. The work-sites with noise exceeding the national standard were mainly in the machine workshop and the casting workshop, with normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a nominal eight hours working day (L_EX,8h) ranging from 86.8 to 89.2 and 85.2 to 90.2 dB(A), respectively. In addition, the classification of occupational noise exposure of the mold protection group in the casting workshop was level Ⅱ, and classification of occupational noise exposure of other work-sites with excessive national standard was grade Ⅰ. After the enterprise implemented noise control measures such as process reform, equipment replacement, sound insulation, noise reduction, sound absorption, and vibration isolation, the L_EX,8h of nine positions were lower than those before rectification ［(86.7±1.1) vs (83.3±1.3) dB(A), P<0.01］. Conclusion The use of comprehensive control measures can achieve the purpose of reducing noise from the sources, and can be used for reference by relevant enterprises with noise hazards.

Objective To observe and evaluate the protective effect of desflurane post-conditioning on myocardial injury during cardiopulmonary bypass and its influence on patients'postoperative recovery.Methods A total of 200 patients in need of cardiac surgery were selected as the experimental subjects,who were aged from 20 to 65 years old,and divided into ASA Ⅱ-Ⅲ and NYHA Ⅱ-Ⅲ by endotracheal intubation and extracorporeal circulation method under general anesthesia.The patients were randomly divided into desflurane post-treatment group(experi-mental group,group D)and control group(group C)after selection.With the successive opening of the aorta and superior vena cava,group D were given 5%desflurane by inhalation with mechanical ventilation.While group C inhaled pure oxygen without inhaling desflurane.The depth of intraoperative anesthesia was maintained between 40～50 during the operation.Radial artery blood was collected from patients in 24 h before surgery(T0),immediately after intubation(T1),and 1 h(T2),6 h(T3),12 h(T4)and 24 h(T5)after aortic opening to achieve the determi-nation of troponin I(cTnI)and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB(CK-MB).On the premise of obtaining the informed consent of the patient,about 50 mg of right atrial appendage tissue was collected before aortic intubation(T1.5)and 1 hour after aortic opening(T2)to determine the apoptosis rate.Results(1)cTnI in group C at the time of T2,T3,T4 and T5 was apparently higher than group D(P<0.05).(2)CK-MB in group C at the time of T3 was apparently higher than group D(P<0.05).(3)The myocardial tissue results showed that there was a lower apoptosis rate in experimental group at the time of T2(P<0.05).Conclusion Desflurane post-conditioning has a myocardial protec-tive effect during cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass.

Objective To verify the genetic characteristics associated with gastric cancer,and to propose a hybrid feature selection method for identifying target genes,further analyzing their significance and establishing a new diagnostic prediction model.Methods Analysis of variance in bioinformatics was performed on the original gastric cancer data,and then machine learning methods such as random forest,recursive feature elimination of support vector machine,and LASSO algorithm were used to screen gastric cancer associated genes,and the intersection of results was taken as the key gene set.The key genes were identified and verified through enrichment analysis.The diagnosis and prediction models based on 8 kinds of machine learning classification algorithms such as multi-layer perceptron,logistic regression and decision tree,were constructed using the key genes.Results The key genes selected by the hybrid feature selection method were closely related to the tumorigenesis and development.Eight key genes(TXNDC5,BMP8A,ONECUT2,COL10A1,JCHAIN,INHBA,LCTL and TRIM59)were identified as potential markers of good diagnostic efficacy in gastric cancer.The ROC curve and accuracy results demonstrated that among the 8 classification models,MLP is the best gastric cancer prediction model,with an accuracy of 97.77%,which was 3.83%higher than that of Xgboost gastric cancer prediction model.Conclusion The study identifies 8 key genes for the diagnosis and prevention of gastric cancer,and establishes the optimal prognosis model.

Tumors are serious diseases threatening human health,and the early diagnosis is essential to improve treatment success and patient survival.The study of tumor gene expression data has become a major tool for revealing tumor disease mechanisms,in which artificial intelligence plays an important role.The potential advantages of supervised learning,unsupervised learning and deep learning in tumor prediction and classification are explored from the perspective of machine learning methods.Special attention is paid to the impact of feature selection algorithms on gene screening and their importance in high-dimensional gene expression data.By providing a comprehensive overview of the application and development of artificial intelligence in the analysis of tumor gene expression data,the study aims to provide an outlook for future research directions and promote further development.

Esophageal cancer is an upper gastrointestinal malignancy with a bleak prognosis.It is still being explored in depth due to its complex molecular mechanisms of occurrence and development.Lipids play a crucial role in cells by participating in energy supply,biofilm formation,and signal transduction pro-cesses,and lipid metabolic reprogramming also constitutes a significant characteristic of malignant tu-mors.More and more studies have found esophageal cancer has obvious lipid metabolism abnormalities throughout its beginning,progress,and treatment resistance.The inhibition of tumor growth and the enhancement of antitumor therapy efficacy can be achieved through the regulation of lipid metabolism.Therefore,we reviewed and analyzed the research results and latest findings for lipid metabolism and associated analysis techniques in esophageal cancer,and comprehensively proved the value of lipid metabolic reprogramming in the evolution and treatment resistance of esophageal cancer,as well as its significance in exploring potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2022.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of national bloodstream infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）were collected during January 2022 to December 2022. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，9 035 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 51 hospitals，of which 7 895（87.4%）were Enterobacteriaceae and 1 140（12.6%）were non-fermenting bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（ n=4 510，49.9%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（ n=2 340，25.9%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（ n=534，5.9%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（ n=405，4.5%）and Enterobacter cloacae（ n=327，3.6%）. The ESBLs-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus spp. were 47.1%（2 095/4 452），21.0%（427/2 033）and 41.1%（58/141），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（58/4 510）and 13.1%（307/2 340）；62.1%（36/58）and 9.8%（30/307）of CREC and CRKP were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 59.5%（241/405），while less than 5% of Acinetobacter baumannii complex was resistant to tigecycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 18.4%（98/534）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of main Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CRKP and CRPA（ χ2=20.489 and 20.252， P<0.001）. The prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA，CRAB，ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were higher in provinicial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=11.953，81.183，10.404，5.915，12.415 and 6.459， P<0.01 or <0.05），while the prevalence of CRPA was higher in economically developed regions（per capita GDP ≥ 92 059 Yuan）than that in economically less-developed regions（per capita GDP <92 059 Yuan）（ χ2=6.240， P=0.012）. Conclusions:The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections shows an increasing trend，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of CRKP decreases continuously with time. Decreasing trends are noted in ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Low prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli and high prevalence in CRAB complex have been observed. The composition ratio and antibacterial spectrum of bloodstream infections in different regions of China are slightly different，and the proportion of main drug resistant bacteria in provincial hospitals is higher than those in municipal hospitals.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of parathyroid autotransplantation on total central lymph node dissection and postoperative parathyroid functional recovery in endoscopic radical operation for thyroid carcinoma.Method:The data of 152 patients undergoing endoscopic radical operation for thyroid carcinoma are retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism, serum PTH and Ca 2+ concentrations at different time points, and the number of lymph nodes cleared were counted. Results:The rate of temporary hypoparathyroidism in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism was lower than that in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( χ2=6.243, P=0.029). Patient's PTH in the experimental group is significantly higher than that in the control group at 1 week, 1 , 3 , 6 and 12 months after operation, and the difference is statistically significant ( F=25.193, P<0.05); Ca 2+ concentration in experimental group is higher than that in control group at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after operation, and the difference is statistically significant ( F=3.268, P=0.005); The average number of central zone lymph node dissection and positive lymph nodes per case in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.000, P=0.047; t=2.014, P=0.046). Conclusion:In radical lumpectomy for thyroid cancer, parathyroid autotransplantation can effectively prevent permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism while achieving a more complete lymph node dissection in the central region.