Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion or action. The global prevalence of DM is increasing rapidly, threatening public health and quality of life. In Mongolia, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has shown a continuous upward trend, highlighting the need for effective plant-derived formulations with glucose-lowering potential.
This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of composite formulations containing Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (Banaba), Helianthus tuberosus L., and Dasiphora fruticosa L. in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: T2DM was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (170 mg/kg). The rats were divided into seven groups: Group 1: healthy control, Group 2: diabetic control, Group 7: metformin-treated (40 mg/200 g), and four treatment groups (Groups 3-6) receiving different combinations of Banaba, Jerusalem artichoke, and Shrubby cinquefoil extracts for 19 consecutive days. Blood glucose levels were measured daily using a GluNeo® Lite glucometer.
After 19 days, animals in Group and Group 6 exhibited significant reductions in blood glucose levels compared with the diabetic (Group 2) and metformin-treated (Group 7) controls (p<0.01). Group 5 demonstrated the greatest hypoglycemic effect, reducing glucose levels by 43.4% relative to the diabetic control group (Group 2). Conclusion Composite formulations containing Banaba, Helianthus tuberosus L., and Dasiphora fruticosa L. exhibited significant antihyperglycemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The formulation with Banaba (24 mg) + Helianthus tuberosus L. (200 mg) + Dasiphora fruticosa L. (100 mg) showed the most potent glucose-lowering effect, comparable to metformin, indicating its potential as a promising herbal formulation for T2DM management.

Background “The Jewel of Healthful Tranquility” by Khamzan Burugjal highly commends the formulation “Tumriin Talkh-7” for its broad therapeutic spectrum. Traditionally, it has been recognized for its efficacy in managing digestive and hepatic disorders, chronic heat syndromes, and various systemic imbalances. Listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as a classical Tibetan remedy, it is widely utilized in regions such as Tibet, Qinghai, and Sichuan for treating chronic liver conditions. Nevertheless, despite its extensive use in Tibetan Medicine, its clinical application and scientific evaluation within modern Mongolian medical practice remain limited.
Pharmacological studies show that “Tumriin Talkh-7” has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.
It improves lipid metabolism, reduces hepatic fat, and stabilizes endoplasmic reticulum stress in NAFLD models.
In rats, it lowered ALT, AST, TNF-α, SREBP-1c, and caspase-3, while suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activity and reducing α-SMA and collagen in fibrosis models. Clinical trials have reported improved liver function and lipid profiles in patients with fatty liver diseases, without major adverse effects. Additionally, preliminary evidence suggests potential benefits in managing rheumatoid arthritis and anemia.
These effects suggest potential therapeutic benefits in treating liver injury and hepatic steatosis. Additionally, clinical observations indicate its positive effects in anemia and inflammatory joint conditions. As mentioned above, the similarity of Mongolian traditional medicine’s liver brown phlegm to Western medicine’s cirrhosis suggests that this drug may be a potential and effective treatment for liver injury and should be further studied.

Introduction: Inula helenium L. is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional Mongolian and Tibetan medicine. Its roots and rhizomes contain active compounds, including sesquiterpene lactones (alantolactone and isoalantolactone), inulin, flavonoids, and essential oils, with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. This study evaluates the quality of Inula helenium L. roots and quantifies their key active compounds in accordance with pharmacopoeial standards. Methods: The roots of Inula helenium L. cultivated in the Medicinal Plant Botanical Garden of Monos Group were used as raw material. Physicochemical parameters, including moisture, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and extractive values, were determined according to pharmacopoeial methods. Qualitative analysis was carried out using color reactions for polysaccharides and thin-layer chromatography for the identification of sesquiterpene lactones. Quantitative analysis was performed using spectrophotometry for total polysaccharides and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the determination of alantolactone and isoalantolactone. Conclusion The physicochemical parameters of Inula helenium L. root were standardized, with total inulin content determined as 47.13±0.45%, alantolactone as 1.41±0.02%, and isoalantolactone as 1.33±0.02%. Analytical methods for inulin, alantolactone, and isoalantolactone were validated according to ICH Q2(R2) guidelines, confirming the possibility of updating the MNS standard or developing a manufacturer’s pharmacopoeial monograph based on these validated methods.

Introduction: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is used to treat liver and biliary disorders, including neonatal jaundice. In neonatal practice, UDCA administered orally (10–30 mg/kg/day, divided doses) shortens phototherapy duration and reduces serum total bilirubin. A suspension dosage form may mask bitter taste, improve dissolution and bioavailability, and is not currently registered in Mongolia. To develop and evaluate suspension formulations of UDCA and to identify an optimal composition and manufacturing technology. Methods: UDCA drug substance was characterized according to the European Pharmacopoeia (EP 11.0). Five suspension formulations (A1–A5) were prepared using wet-milling (size-reduction) technology and appropriate excipients. Physical, chemical and microbiological quality attributes of the suspensions were assessed per the United States Pharmacopeia (USP 2021) and microbiological methods of the Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (GOST 2018). Assays were performed by validated chromatographic methods; measurements were performed in triplicate (n=3).
The UDCA raw material met pharmacopeial specifications and was suitable for use. All five formulations were uniform and free of agglomerates by visual inspection. Formulation A5 met USP acceptance criteria for pH (4.5 ± 0.02), sedimentation volume (0.91 ± 0.20 mL), density (1.14 ± 0.005 g/cm3), viscosity (1583.5 ± 0.38 mPa·s), fill volume (150 ± 0 mL) and active substance content (96.6 ± 0.05%), and complied with microbiological limits. Other formulations failed one or more quality attributes (notably pH, assay or sedimentation). Conclusion The UDCA raw material complied with pharmacopeial quality standards. Among tested variants, formulation A5 satisfied critical quality attributes for a stable suspension and was identified as the optimal formulation with respect to composition and manufacturing process.

Introduction: Doxylamine succinate has an anticholinergic effect and is an antihistaminic active compound. Drugs containing this active compound relieve the symptoms of allergies, allergic rhinitis, and the common cold and treat short-term insomnia.
In Mongolia’s National Drug Registration list, five doxylamine succinate-based tablets are cataloged, and imported from France, Turkey, Slovenia, India, and South Korea. Doxylamine succinate tablets have not yet been introduced into production within domestic industries. Therefore, we have developed tablets featuring novel technology and standardization. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the research on technology and standardization of doxylamine succinate tablets and assess the viability of their introduction into domestic manufacturing. Methods: For the technological study, the main raw material was purchased from Apollo Healthcare Ltd. in China, and tablets of 5 versions were obtained by wet granulation compression method. Carr’s index and Hausner’s ratio of the granules were calculated according to the British pharmacopeia.
For the standardization study, we purchased standards from Sigmaaldrich® and determined physical, and chemical parameters by Mongolian National Pharmacopoeia (MNP) and United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). Results: Version 2’s Carr’s index was 8.15%, and Hausner’s ratio was 1.09, indicating that the tablet’s compressibility and flowability of granules are excellent. Moreover, version 3’s Carr’s index was 10.70%, and Hausner’s ratio was 1.12, which indicates the tablet’s compressibility and flowability of granules are good.
Both versions above met the requirements as appearance, friability, breaking force, weight variation limits, dissolution, and assay according to USP and MNP. Despite that, only version 3 conformed to disintegration for requirements outlined in the MNP. Conclusion The assay determination method has been validated following ICH guidelines and the quality attributes of the tablet have been specified. Based on the results obtained, version 3 of the experimental tablets is deemed feasible for introduction into production.

Abstract: Liver fibrosis is a key process in the progression of chronic liver diseases. It occurs when liver cells experience repeated damage and regeneration, leading to an excessive build-up and abnormal distribution of extracellular matrix components, such as collagen, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, in the liver.
In vivo models of hepatic fibrosis are crucial for studying the development of liver fibrosis and evaluating potential antifibrotic therapies. These models aim to replicate the progressive scarring of liver tissue that occurs in chronic liver diseases. In vivo hepatic fibrosis models can be classified based on their underlying causes, including chemical, dietary, surgical, transgenic, and immune-mediated models. For instance, carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) is known to induce significant fibrosis, while models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are used to investigate advanced fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Among various models, the carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) induced liver fibrosis model is one of the most widely used experimental approaches. Its popularity stems from its reliability, reproducibility, cost-effectiveness, ease of implementation, and resemblance to human fibrotic liver injury. While this model is considered the gold standard in fibrosis research, it has several limitations that researchers must carefully consider. For instance, an overdose of CCI4 can lead to substantial hepatocellular necrosis, particularly in the centrilobular area. This can cause acute liver failure, which may result in rapid death rather than fibrosis. This review aims to outline the optimal experimental parameters for the CCI4-induced liver fibrosis model. It covers aspects such as the appropriate doses of CCI4, routes of administration, duration, frequency, and the choice of vehicle needed to establish a pathologically relevant model of liver fibrosis in experimental animals. The review also seeks to investigate therapeutic effects and contribute to the development of new medications.