Objective: The nine diagnostic criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) proposed in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) have been widely adopted, but have also faced significant criticism. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the nine DSM-5 criteria for IGD using item response theory (IRT). Methods: Four DSM-5-based scales, including the Game Addiction Scale, the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Short-Form, the Ten- Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test, and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, were administered to 1,530 Chinese adolescents and young adults. IRT models were used to assess the psychometric properties of these criteria. The potential for differential item functioning (DIF) related to sex and between adolescents and adults was also evaluated. Results: All nine DSM-5 criteria demonstrated very high to perfect discrimination (a >1.38), providing substantial diagnostic information (item information >0.476) for diagnosing IGD. These scales, despite variations in wording and scoring methods, exhibited strong correlations in total scores (r≥0.502, p<0.001) and high consistency (Kendall’s W ≥0.656, p<0.05) concerning the fitted IRT parameters. Among the nine criteria, escape showed the lowest cross-scale discrimination, item information, and difficulty. In contrast, withdrawal showed the highest item information and discrimination, and the second highest difficulty. Additionally, there was no evidence of DIF related to sex or age (adolescents vs. adults) across nearly all scale items. Conclusion These findings indicate that the nine DSM-5 criteria generally possess acceptable psychometric properties for diagnosing IGD. Notably, withdrawal may represent a core symptom of IGD. Conversely, escape demonstrated inferior performance compared to the other eight criteria, indicating a potential need for further revision.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between-1304T/G polymorphism in the promoter of MKK4 gene and the susceptibility in sporadic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHOD: MKK4-1304T/G genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 90 NPC cases and 30 healthy controls. RESULT: The number of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients carrying with TG+GG genotype was much higher than those of controls (82.2% vs 66.7%, χ² =10.076, P < 0.05). Analysis showed that compared with the-1304TT genotype, -1304TG heterozygous reduced risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma 0.56 fold (95% CI = 0.164-1.178, P < 0.01) and-1304GG lower 0.58 fold (95% CI = 0.126-1.381, P < 0.01), TG+ GG genotype variation risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma decreased 0.72 fold (95% CI = 0.105-0.753, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION MKK4 gene-1304TG genotype can reduce risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and it may be an independent protection factor in sporadic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Carcinoma ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Kinase 4 ; genetics ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Promoter Regions, Genetic

Objective To evaluate the long-term therapeutic results of intersphincteric resection (ISR) in the treatment of ultra-low rectal cancer.Methods Sixty cases of ultra-low rectal cancer with the inferior border of the tumor within 5 cm to the edge of anus underwent intersphincteric resection (ISR),and the clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.There were 39 males,21 females and their average age was 55 years old (range from 30 to 77 years old).The inferior border of the tumor were from 28 to 50 mm to the edge of anus,averaging 42 mm.Results Sixty patients underwent intersphincteric resection successfully with 3 cases developing anastomotic leakage and 2 cases anastomotic stenosis postoperatively.After a median follow-up period of 49 months (range from 18 to 90 months),local and distant recurrence were observed in 6 and 4 patients respectively.Five-year overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate were 88.3％ and 83.3％ respectively.The mean stool frequency were (3.8 ± 1.3) times in each day based on data from 53 patients,and the stool control function of 73.6％ of all patients was preserved satisfactorily according to Kirwan classification.Conclusions This study indicated that intersphincteric resection might be a candidate technique in the treatment of early stage ultra-low rectal cancer restricted within rectal wall and could achieve satisfactory long-term results in both oncologic and functional respects.

Objective To evaluate the long-term functional outcome after ileal pouch anal anastomosis with modified double-stapled technique.Methods From January 2002 to March 2011,forty-five patients underwent ileal pouch anal anastomosis with modified double-stapled technique.The clinical data of these patients were reviewed.The postoperative anal function was assessed by Kirwan classification and Oresland pouch-specific function score.Results During the median follow-up of 65 months,2 patients with malignant adenomatous polyps died,2 patients were diagnosed dysplasia by biopsy,4 patients developed mild to moderate anastomotic narrowing,1 patient developed persistent anastomotic stricture needing surgical intervention,16 patients developed at least 1 episode of pouchitis.There was no incontinence in these patients,and the median functional Oresland score was 6,3 and 2 after 1 year,2.5 years and 5 years respectively.Conclusion The functional results of ileal pouch anal anastomosis with modified double-stapled technique are promising,with no incontinence in our patients.

Objective To study the pelvic fascia related to pelvic autonomic nerve and detect the anatomical localization of pelvic autonomic nerve by marker in adult male.Methods Twelve pelvises of adult male harvested from cadavers were studied by dissection.Results Hypogastric nerve was embedded in the posterior leaf of the visceral pelvic fascia.Pelvic plexus was situated between vesicohypogastric fascia and visceral fascia.Pelvic nerve branch of seminal vesicle and prostate was located at the anterolateral part of Denonvilliers fascia.Sacral promontory,ureter,junction of Denonvilliers fascia,visceral fascia and seminal vesicle could be regarded as anatomical markers for pelvic autonomic nerve.Conclusion The anatomical characteristics of pelvic autonomic nerve can be used for protecting and isolating pelvic autonomic nerve in total mesorectal excision of adult male.

Objective To compare the application,safety and theraputic effect of local resection of early rectal tumours by transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM) and the conventional transanal excision(TAE).Methods The data of seventy-six patients who were treated by conventional transanal excision from January 2003 to July 2006 and fifty-three patients who were treated by transanal endoscopic microsurgery from September 2006 to February 2010 in Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were reviewed.Results Age,sex,tumour size,blood loss,postoperative hospital stay were similar in the two groups(P＞0.05).The median distance from the anal verge was significantly higher in the TEM group ( TEM/TAE =7.0/5.0 cm,P ＜ 0.01 ).The operation time was significantly longer in the TEM group (TEM/TAE =70.00/30.00 min,P ＜ 0.01 ).There was no operation-related mortality in both groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).Two patients in the TEM group developed postoperative haemorrhage,and one patient developed pulmonary infection and retention of urine respectively.There were two secondary haemorrhage cases in the TAE group.On median follow-up of 30 months,there was 7.8％ recurrence rate in the TEM group,compared with 23.2％ the in TAE group.Conclusions Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is a safe and effective mininally invasive surgical technique for the treatment of early rectal neoplasm.It has broader indication,and better theraputic effect than the conventional transanal excision.