Objective: To systematically characterize the developmental trajectory and interdisciplinary integration of intelligent diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) through quantitative topic evolution analysis, we addressed the fragmentation of existing research and clarified the long-term research structure and evolutionary patterns of the field. Methods: A topic evolution analysis was performed on Chinese-language literature pertaining to intelligent diagnosis in TCM. Publications were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), covering the period from database inception to July 3, 2025. A hybrid segmentation approach, based on cumulative publication growth trends and inflection point detection, was applied to divide the research timeline into distinct stages. Subsequently, the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model was used to extract research topics, followed by alignment and evolutionary analysis of topics across different stages. Results: A total of 3 919 publications published between 2003 and 2025 were included, and the research trajectory was divided into five stages based on data-driven breakpoint detection. The field exhibited a clear evolutionary shift from early rule-based systems and tongue-pulse image and signal analysis (2006 – 2010), to machine-learning-based syndrome and prescription modeling (2011 – 2015), followed by deep-learning-driven pattern recognition and formula association (2016 – 2020). Since 2021, research has increasingly emphasized knowledge-graph construction, multimodal integration, and intelligent clinical decision-support systems, with recent studies (2024 – 2025) showing the emergence of large language models and agent-based diagnostic frameworks. Topic evolution analysis further revealed sustained cross-stage continuity in syndrome modeling and prescription association analysis, alongside the progressive consolidation of integrated intelligent diagnostic platforms. Conclusion By identifying key technological transitions and persistent core research themes, our findings offer a structured reference framework for the design of intelligent diagnostic systems, the construction of knowledge-driven clinical decision-support tools, and the alignment of AI models with TCM diagnostic logic. Importantly, the stage-based evolutionary insights derived from this analysis can inform future methodological choices, improve model interpretability and clinical applicability, and support the translation of intelligent TCM diagnosis from experimental research to real-world clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:Bone tissue loss caused by tumors and trauma can have an adverse effect on postoperative rehabilitation.Therefore,scaffold materials are usually implanted during treatment.However,the existing implant materials are relatively simple and lack antibacterial properties.Early implantation may lead to iatrogenic autoinfection and have an adverse effect on osteogenesis.OBJECTIVE:To construct a KR-12-a5 polypeptide-nanohydroxyapatite-small intestinal submucosa composite scaffold and evaluate its feasibility as a material for promoting bone defect repair.METHODS:The small intestinal submucosa scaffold and the small intestinal submucosa scaffold containing 25,50,and 100 mg/mL nanohydroxyapatite(referred to as nHA-SIS scaffold)were prepared by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide cross-linking method.The appropriate scaffold was screened for subsequent experiments by mechanical property testing.The antibacterial properties of KR-12-a5 polypeptide solution against Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus gordonii,and Fusobacterium nucleatum were detected.The nHA-SIS scaffolds were immersed in 250,500,and 1 000 μg/mL KR-12-a5 peptide solutions for 24 hours,and then freeze-dried to obtain peptide-loaded nanohydroxyapatite-porcine small intestinal submucosa composite scaffolds(denoted as P-nHA-SIS scaffolds).The sustained-release properties of the three groups of scaffolds were characterized.The nHA-SIS scaffolds and the three groups of P-nHA-SIS scaffolds were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus gordonii,and Fusobacterium nucleatum for 24 hours or 48 hours.The scaffolds with strong antibacterial ability were screened by live and dead bacteria staining and scanning electron microscopy for subsequent experiments.The degradation properties and water absorption rates of the uncross-linked small intestinal submucosa scaffolds,cross-linked small intestinal submucosa scaffolds,nHA-SIS scaffolds,and P-nHA-SIS scaffolds were characterized.The extracts of cross-linked small intestinal submucosal scaffolds,nHA-SIS scaffolds,and P-nHA-SIS scaffolds were co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells.CCK-8 assay and live-dead cell staining were performed.The effects of the extracts of the three scaffolds on the migration of MC3T3-E1 cells were detected by Transwell chamber assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The elastic modulus and compressive strength of 25,50,and 100 mg/mL nHA-SIS scaffolds were higher than those of small intestinal submucosal scaffolds(P＜0.05),among which the elastic modulus and compressive strength of 25 mg/mL nHA-SIS scaffolds were the highest,and this group of scaffolds were selected for subsequent experiments to load peptides.(2)KR-12-a5 peptide had strong antibacterial activity against common bacteria in bone defects(Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus gordonii,and Fusobacterium nucleatum).The three groups of P-nHA-SIS scaffolds all had sustained release properties.With the increase of peptide mass concentration,the antibacterial property of P-nHA-SIS scaffold was enhanced.Among them,the P-nHA-SIS scaffold loaded with 500 μg/mL peptide had achieved a satisfactory antibacterial effect,and this group of scaffolds would be selected in the future.(3)The degradation rate of the three groups of cross-linked scaffolds was lower than that of the uncross-linked scaffolds,and the water absorption rate was greater than that of the uncross-linked scaffolds.P-nHA-SIS scaffolds could promote the proliferation and migration of MC3T3-E1 cells without affecting the activity of MC3T3-E1 cells.(4)The results show that P-nHA-SIS scaffolds have strong antibacterial properties and the ability to promote the proliferation and migration of MC3T3-E1 cells,and are expected to be used in bone defect repair.

BACKGROUND:Bone tissue loss caused by tumors and trauma can have an adverse effect on postoperative rehabilitation.Therefore,scaffold materials are usually implanted during treatment.However,the existing implant materials are relatively simple and lack antibacterial properties.Early implantation may lead to iatrogenic autoinfection and have an adverse effect on osteogenesis.OBJECTIVE:To construct a KR-12-a5 polypeptide-nanohydroxyapatite-small intestinal submucosa composite scaffold and evaluate its feasibility as a material for promoting bone defect repair.METHODS:The small intestinal submucosa scaffold and the small intestinal submucosa scaffold containing 25,50,and 100 mg/mL nanohydroxyapatite(referred to as nHA-SIS scaffold)were prepared by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide cross-linking method.The appropriate scaffold was screened for subsequent experiments by mechanical property testing.The antibacterial properties of KR-12-a5 polypeptide solution against Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus gordonii,and Fusobacterium nucleatum were detected.The nHA-SIS scaffolds were immersed in 250,500,and 1 000 μg/mL KR-12-a5 peptide solutions for 24 hours,and then freeze-dried to obtain peptide-loaded nanohydroxyapatite-porcine small intestinal submucosa composite scaffolds(denoted as P-nHA-SIS scaffolds).The sustained-release properties of the three groups of scaffolds were characterized.The nHA-SIS scaffolds and the three groups of P-nHA-SIS scaffolds were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus gordonii,and Fusobacterium nucleatum for 24 hours or 48 hours.The scaffolds with strong antibacterial ability were screened by live and dead bacteria staining and scanning electron microscopy for subsequent experiments.The degradation properties and water absorption rates of the uncross-linked small intestinal submucosa scaffolds,cross-linked small intestinal submucosa scaffolds,nHA-SIS scaffolds,and P-nHA-SIS scaffolds were characterized.The extracts of cross-linked small intestinal submucosal scaffolds,nHA-SIS scaffolds,and P-nHA-SIS scaffolds were co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells.CCK-8 assay and live-dead cell staining were performed.The effects of the extracts of the three scaffolds on the migration of MC3T3-E1 cells were detected by Transwell chamber assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The elastic modulus and compressive strength of 25,50,and 100 mg/mL nHA-SIS scaffolds were higher than those of small intestinal submucosal scaffolds(P＜0.05),among which the elastic modulus and compressive strength of 25 mg/mL nHA-SIS scaffolds were the highest,and this group of scaffolds were selected for subsequent experiments to load peptides.(2)KR-12-a5 peptide had strong antibacterial activity against common bacteria in bone defects(Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus gordonii,and Fusobacterium nucleatum).The three groups of P-nHA-SIS scaffolds all had sustained release properties.With the increase of peptide mass concentration,the antibacterial property of P-nHA-SIS scaffold was enhanced.Among them,the P-nHA-SIS scaffold loaded with 500 μg/mL peptide had achieved a satisfactory antibacterial effect,and this group of scaffolds would be selected in the future.(3)The degradation rate of the three groups of cross-linked scaffolds was lower than that of the uncross-linked scaffolds,and the water absorption rate was greater than that of the uncross-linked scaffolds.P-nHA-SIS scaffolds could promote the proliferation and migration of MC3T3-E1 cells without affecting the activity of MC3T3-E1 cells.(4)The results show that P-nHA-SIS scaffolds have strong antibacterial properties and the ability to promote the proliferation and migration of MC3T3-E1 cells,and are expected to be used in bone defect repair.

AIM: To develop a novel gene-delivery therapeutic based on CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology capable of specifically targeting and knocking out the VEGFA gene, thereby achieving sustained suppression of VEGFA expression in retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cells and providing a new strategy for gene therapy in retinal neovascular diseases.METHODS:Single guide RNAs targeting the human VEGFA gene for knockout were designed, and corresponding recombinant plasmids were constructed. A novel polymer(PTEE)was used to encapsulate the plasmids to prepare a PTEE-loaded anti-VEGFA plasmid(PLAP)gene delivery system. PTEE materials at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 μg/μL were co-incubated with ARPE-19 cells, and the biocompatibility of PTEE was evaluated using the cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay. Recombinant plasmids expressing green fluorescent protein(GFP)were constructed. Lipofectamine 3000 and jetOPTIMUS®DNA transfection reagents were used as control groups, and PTEE nanomaterials were used as the experimental group to encapsulate the plasmids. When the cell confluence reached 80%, the formulations were transfected into ARPE-19 and 293T cells. GFP expression was observed under light microscopy, and the transfection efficiencies of each group were compared. ARPE-19 cells were induced under hypoxia, and PLAP was transfected into the cells. The expression level of VEGFA was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)to evaluate the efficacy of this novel gene delivery system.RESULTS: After co-incubation of ARPE-19 cells with different concentrations of PTEE for 24 h and 48 h, no significant effect on cell viability was observed in any group. The transfection efficiency of PLAP in ARPE-19 cells was higher than that in the Lipo3000 and jetOPTIMUS groups, with statistically significant differences(P<0.01). Hypoxia for 6 h significantly induced the upregulation of VEGFA mRNA expression in ARPE-19 cells, and under hypoxic conditions, the PTEE group exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on VEGFA expression(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:PLAP exhibits favorable biocompatibility and prominent VEGFA inhibitory effects in vitro, making it a potential candidate drug for gene therapy of retinal neovascular diseases.

In recent years,using digital health technology can improve the quality and effect of nutrition management for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).This article provides an overview of digital health technology,reviews the application form and effect of digital health technology in nutrition manage-ment of pregnant women with GDM,puts forward suggestions,in order to provide references and bases for promoting the more scientific,effective and standardized application of digital health technology in nutrition management of GDM patients.

People with AIDS are highly prone to opportunistic infections,among which pulmonary infections are the most common,with high incidence and fatality rates.How to effectively prevent or reduce the occurrence of HIV-related lung infections(HRLI)is of great practical significance.From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),HRLI and AIDS share common pathological mechanisms,including qi deficiency,spleen defi-ciency,phlegm-heat or phlegm-dampness obstructing the lungs.Based on the TCM theory of"preventing disease before it occurs",the three-level prevention approach includes:the first step"preventing disease before it occurs"emphasizes strengthening the body's defense mechanisms by tonifying the spleen and benefiting qi,and nourishing the lungs and kidneys to strengthen the exterior and protect the body;the second step"preventing the progression of disease once it occurs"emphasizes the removal of pathogenic factors while strengthening the body's defenses.Based on the principles of syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM,focuses are kept on the spleen tonifying and phlegm resolving,pathogenic factors dispelling and dampness eliminating,while protecting the spleen and nourishing other organs.The third step"preventing relapse after recovery"emphasizes replenishing deficiencies and enhancing immunity.Adopting the three-level prevention approach and early intervention can reduce the inci-dence of HRLI,which is a new idea for the prevention and treatment of HRLI with TCM.

AIM:To elucidate the mechanism by which Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides(PSP)miti-gate high-sugar diet-induced neuroinflammation through the gut microbiota-serum metabolome axis.METHODS:Fifty male ICR mice were divided into 5 groups:control group,model group,low-dose(250 mg/kg)PSP group,high-dose(500 mg/kg)PSP group,and donepezil hydrochloride(3 mg/kg)group.The neuroinflammation model was established through administration of high-sugar chow and 10%sucrose water for 12 weeks.Cognitive function assessment was per-formed utilizing the Morris water maze.Hippocampal histopathology was examined by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,activated microglia were assessed via immunofluorescence,and neuronal apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay.Serum and hippocampal levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and nitric oxide(NO)were quantified using ELISA and Western blot.Gut microbiota diversity and serum untargeted metabolomics analyses were car-ried out employing 16S rRNA sequencing and LC-MS/GC-MS,respectively.Differential metabolites were screened,and key metabolic pathways were enriched using MetaboAnalyst 6.0.Spearman correlation analysis established relationships between gut microbiota,metabolites,and inflammatory factors.RESULTS:Model mice demonstrated increased escape latency(P<0.05 or P<0.01)and decreased platform crossings(P<0.01)compared with controls,which were reversed by PSP treatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Treatment with PSP substantially reduced IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α and NO levels in se-rum and hippocampus(P<0.05 or P<0.01),diminished inflammatory infiltration,inhibited microglial activation,and re-duced neuronal damage.Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated that PSP increased Lactobacillus and Bacteroides abun-dance while reducing Alistipes(P<0.05).Metabolomics identified 15 differential metabolites(including betaine,kyotor-phin and ε-caprolactam)and highlighted the significance of alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism pathways.Spear-man analysis revealed that abundance of Alistipes and Bacteroides were positively correlated with IL-1β(P<0.05),while abundance of Lactobacillus was negatively correlated with inflammatory factors(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Key metabolites(be-taine,kyotorphin,ε-caprolactam,trans-cinnamate,cis-zeatin and galactitol)showed strong associations with inflamma-tion factors(P<0.05 or P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Treatment with PSP attenuates neuroinflammation through modula-tion of gut microbiota(Lactobacillus,Bacteroides and Alistipes),regulation of metabolites(betaine,kyotorphin and so on),and targeting amino acid metabolism pathways.

Objective To explore the role of postdoctoral talent cultivation in high-quality development of public hospi-tals.Methods The data of 165 postdoctoral fellows were analyzed from Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center,Sun Yat-sen Univer-sity over the past decade.The analysis involved examining the entire management process from recruitment to completion,inclu-ding the improvement of relevant systems,evaluation standards,implementation of hierarchical management,mentor-student in-teractions,and academic exchanges,as well as studying the quality enhancement of the postdoctoral talent pool,research output,and employment analysis.Results The standardized management of whole postdoctoral cultivation process and the continuous improvement of systems significantly enhanced the achievements of postdoctoral fellows in research,publications,and commer-cialization of the scientific and research findings.For instance,from 2018 to 2022,the number of National Science Foundation-funded programs that the postdoctoral fellows obtained accounted for 26.7％of the total number,while the number of provincial and ministerial funded programs accounted for 73.3％.In 2020,the proportion of postdoctoral researchers who obtained the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China's Youth Program was 80％of the total.In 2021,the proportion of postdoctoral fellows who published papers with an impact factor of above 10 as the first author or co-first author was 45.83％.Conclusion The training of high-level medical postdoctoral talents is crucial for high-quality development of public hospitals,improving interdisci-plinary adaptability of postdoctoral fellows and collaborative mentorship awareness.

Sj?gren's syndrome(SS)is one of the common rheumatic diseases in clinical practice.Modern medicine commonly uses drugs such as artificial tears,saliva,glucocorticoids,immunosuppressants,and biologics to control the condition.Clinical practice has shown that in addition to modern medical basic treatment,the use of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)can help improve the clinical efficacy of SS.According to the symptoms and signs of Sj?gren's syndrome in TCM,it is classified as"dryness and obstruction",and the core pathogenesis of the disease is spleen deficiency and deficiency of body fluids.Subsequently,toxic and pathogenic factors gather,leading to the decline of internal organs.The initial causes are spleen damage,unstable barrier,and invasion of pathogenic factors.The core link is spleen dysfunction,insufficient body fluid,and dryness arising from it.Spleen deficiency generates evil,obstruction of qi,and lack of body fluids are the root causes of illness.The main treatment method is the"spleen strengthening method",which treats spleen deficiency,dampness and stagnation,and the body fluid is not distributed.The treatment focuses on strengthening the spleen and qi,supplementing the lungs and generating fluids.Spleen deficiency leads to loss of vitality,blood stasis obstructs blood vessels,and the treatment is to strengthen the spleen,soothe the liver,remove blood stasis,and unblock the orifices.The spleen yang is not vigorous,and qi transformation is impaired.The treatment is to invigorate the spleen and warm the stomach,promote yang circulation,and promote diuresis.

Objective To investigate the association between UGT1A1 inhibitors-induced liver injury(DILI)and UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms through a pharmacogenomics approach.Methods Information on relevant drugs that may induce liver injury,blood routine tests,and liver function tests was collected from hospitalized patients diagnosed with DILI between June 2022 and June 2024.Relevant databases were searched to categorize DILI-associated drugs into UGT1A1 enzyme inhibitors and those without interaction with UGT1A1.Sanger sequenc-ing or MassARRAY SNP typing technology was utilized to detect and genotype the UGT1A1 gene.Results A total of 219 patients with drug-induced liver injury(DILI)were enrolled,including 98 males,with a mean age of 46.32±14.95 years.A literature search of relevant databases revealed that 20 drugs(16.26%,20/123)associated with DILI had inhibitory effects on the UGT1A1 enzyme.The proportion of DILI cases related to UGT1A1 inhibitors was 60.73%(133/219).Compared to non-UGT1A1 inhibitor-related DILI group,the UGT1A1 inhibitor-related DILI group exhibited significantly higher levels of ALT,AST,ALP,and GGT(P<0.05),while no significant differences were observed in age,gender,TBIL,IBIL,WBC,Hb,PLT,injury type,or injury grade(P>0.05).The prevalence of UGT1A1 polymorphisms was significantly higher in the UGT1A1 inhibitor-related DILI group(68.42%)com-pared to the non-UGT1A1 inhibitor-related DILI group(51.16%),with an odds ratio(OR)of 2.068(95%CI:1.183 to 3.617;χ2=6.58,P=0.010).There was also a significant difference in the distribution of genotypes between the UGT1A1 inhibitor-related and non-UGT1A1 inhibitor-related DILI groups(χ2=9.60,P=0.022).Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that ALT and UGT1A1*6 were associated with UGT1A1 inhibitor-related DILI,while multivariate analysis confirmed that UGT1A1*6 was independently associated with UGT1A1 inhibitor-related DILI[OR(95%CI)=3.143(1.398 to 7.067),P=0.006].Conclusion The UGT1A1*6 allele increases the susceptibility to drug-induced liver injury(DILI)associated with UGT1A1 inhibitory drugs.