Objective: To analyze the change trends in the body shape indicators and proportions of students in Harbin from 2010 to 2024, and to investigate ergonomic compatibility of functional dimensions of school desks and chairs with current student shape indicators, so as to provide a reference for revising furniture standards of desks and chairs. Methods: Between September and November of both 2010 and 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was conducted across three districts in Harbin, yielding samples of 6 590 and 6 252 students, respectively. Anthropometric shape indicators cluding height, sitting height, crus length, and thigh length-and their proportional changes were compared over the 15-year period. The 2024 data were compared with current standard functional dimensions of school furniture. The statistical analysis incorporated t-test and Mann-Whitney U- test. Results: From 2010 to 2024, average height increased by 1.8 cm for boys and 1.5 cm for girls; sitting height increased by 1.5 cm for both genders; crus length increased by 0.3 cm for boys and 0.4 cm for girls; and thigh length increased by 0.5 cm for both genders. The ratios of sitting height to height, and sitting height to leg length increased by less than 0.1 . The difference between desk chair height and 1/3 sitting height ranged from 0.4-0.8 cm. Among students matched with size 0 desks and chairs, 22.0% had a desk to chair height difference less than 0, indicating that the desk to chair height difference might be insufficient for taller students. The differences between seat height and fibular height ranged from -1.4 to 1.1 cm; and the differences between seat depth and buttock popliteal length ranged from -9.8 to 3.4 cm. Among obese students, the differences between seat width and 1/2 hip circumference ranged from -20.5 to -8.7 cm, while it ranged from -12.2 to -3.8 cm among non obese students. Conclusion Current furniture standards basically satisfy hygienic requirements; however, in the case of exceptionally tall and obese students, ergonomic accommodations such as adaptive seating allocation or personalized adjustments are recommended to meet hygienic requirements.

This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective:To understand the basic information such as age,job title,and education of rehabilita-tion therapists in the Grade Ⅲ public psychiatric hospitals in China,and provide fundamental data for the construc-tion of the mental health rehabilitation talent team.Methods:The staffing of rehabilitation therapists in 43 Grade Ⅲpublic psychiatric hospitals in eastern,central,and western regions of China were investigated.The age,education,job title,professional relevance and inter-regional differences of the rehabilitation therapists were statistically ana-lyzed.Results:There were 197 rehabilitation therapists in 43 hospitals surveyed.The age distribution was mainly in 20-30 and 30-40 years old with a bachelor's degree and junior,and more than half of the personnel had their first academy degree related to the rehabilitation profession.The differences in age,education,job title were statistically significant in the eastern,central and western regions.Conclusion:The overall quality of the rehabilitation therapists in China's Grade Ⅲ public psychiatric hospitals is relatively high,and the age structure is reasonable.However,the proportion of senior professional titles is relatively low.Therefore,it is necessary to focus on talent training and the establishment of promotion systems in the future,in order to improve the professional development space and level of the entire industry.

Inflammation is involved in the development of various acute and chronic diseases in the body. Sustained inflammatory responses are key driving factors for diseases such as cancer， neurodegenerative diseases， cardiovascular diseases， metabolic syndrome， inflammatory bowel disease， and arthritis. Therefore， finding anti-inflammatory drugs is crucial for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In recent years， there has been increasing attention to finding natural drugs with minimal toxic side effects. Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos， as traditional Chinese medicines potent in clearing heat and removing toxins， have strong biological activity and multiple pharmacological effects. They are widely distributed in the plant world and have significant medicinal value. With the continuous advancement of the research on Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos， they have been widely used in the medical field and possess great development potential. Currently， research mainly focuses on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos， while systematic summaries of their anti-inflammatory active ingredients are rare. Therefore， this paper focuses on the differential analysis of the anti-inflammatory active components of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos. In addition， it reviewed the possible mechanisms by which extracts and active ingredients of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos may exert anti-inflammatory effects through various pathways， such as influencing the release of cellular inflammatory factors， regulating inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）/c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/NF-κB， and Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） signaling pathways， increasing antioxidant stress capacity， enhancing immune defense capabilities， and improving intestinal microbiota， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the rational clinical application of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos.

Objective:To explore the characteristics and differences of oxygenated hemoglobin responses in different brain regions in adolescent depressive disorder patients and healthy adolescents during speech fluency task based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy imaging.Methods:From March 2021 to June 2021, twenty-nine adolescents with depression(depressed group) and 26 healthy adolescents(normal group) were enrolled. The severity of depression was assessed by Hamilton depression scale, and the speech fluency task was performed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy brain imaging, and the relative concentrations of oxyhemoglobin in the prefrontal and bilateral temporal lobes were measured.SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used for data analysis, chi-square test was used for gender count data. The t-test was used for comparison of two groups. The measurement data that did not conform to normal distribution were compared between the two groups by Mann-Whitney U test. Results:In the speech fluency task, there was no significant difference in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin in prefrontal and left temporal between the depressed group and the normal group (both P>0.05); the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in the right temporal lobe(-9.179(-22.231, 4.789)) of depressed group was significantly lower than that of the normal group (12.754(-9.438, 35.008)), and the difference was statistically significant ( U=538.00, P<0.05). The oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in right temporal lobe of depressed group had no correlation with the score of Hamilton depression rating scale ( r=0.092, P>0.05). Conclusion:The right temporal lobe function of adolescent depression patients is lower than that of healthy controls during speech fluency tasks, which provides a basis for study of the relationship between depression and some cognitive sensitivity impairment and the function of right temporal lobe.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational drug use in elderly patients with depression. METHODS:A total of 96 elderly outpatients and inpatients with depression were selected from 39 mental health institutions of Hebei province during Jul. 2nd to 9th,2012. The drug use were surveyed by using self-made questionnaires on the basis of prescriptions/medical orders. The results of investigation were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:In this study,96 questionnaires were distributed and all were collect-ed with effective recovery rate of 100%. Among 96 respondents,95 elderly patients used a new type of antidepressants,mainly by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs),accounting for 75.0% of the total. The top 5 drugs in the list of use frequency were sertraline(23 cases,24.0%,daily dose:25-200 mg),paroxetine(22 cases,22.9%,daily dose:20-60 mg),escitalopram(20 cas-es,20.8%,daily dose:5-40 mg),venlafaxine (13 cases,13.5%,daily dose:75-300 mg),mirtazapine (12 cases,12.5%,daily dose:8-30 mg). Among all respondents,22 patients (22.9%) were treated with mono-antidepressant and the other 74 patients (77.1%) were treated with drug combination therapy among which 47 cases were treated with two antidepressant drugs,22 were treated with three drugs,4 were treated with four drugs and 1 was treated with five drugs. 6 cases combined with mood stabilizers, 21 cases with antipsychotic,50 cases with benzodiazepine(6 of them combined with two benzodiazepine),2 cases with other hyp-notic drugs,14 cases with anxiolytic drugs and 2 cases with anticholinergic drugs. CONCLUSIONS:The drug use of elderly pa-tients with depression in mental health institutions of Hebei province basically in line with current trends. However,there are still the phenomenon of irrational drug use as drug dose meets or exceeds the prescribed maximum dose;many varieties are used in combination therapy;route of administration is improper.

Through the addition of discussion course associated with judicial expertise during the pre medical education, integration of true and typical forensic pathological cases into basic medical theory and experimental education, further addition of optional course of forensic medicine,and guiding the medical students applying the scientifically training projects about forensic pathology, students may improve their learning interesting and clinical thought, and are made early warning and increase the abilities of preventing and dealing with the suddenly medical tangles in the future, at the same time, the medical teachers also increase their professional levels and teaching qualities.These benefit the growing up of high quality medical doctors, decrease and even prevent the happening of medical tangles.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the photodynamic therapy (PDT) against multi-antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S.epidermidis) obtained from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

METHODSForty-five CRS patients who had been given medical treatment but still needed endoscopic surgery were included in this study. The mucus from middle meatus was collected from these patients during surgery, followed by separation of S. aureus and S. epidermidis and drug sensitive test. The strains which could form biofilm were selected. Light emitting diode (LED) array with a major wavelength of (633±10) nm was used as light source and 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was used as photosensitizer in this PDT experiment. The safe range of LED dose and ALA concentration which were not toxic to bacteria by themselves were confirmed, and then did PDT experiment on S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The data of bacterial colony forming unit were transformed to lgCFU before statistical analysis.The Graph Pad Prism 5 software was used to analyzed the data.

RESULTSThirteen S. aureus and 16 S. epidermidis were included in this experiment(from 45 patients), all of them were multi-antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and four of S. aureus and five of S. epidermidis could form biofilm in each group. In planktonic S. aureus experiment, the mean lgCFU was 8.32±0.31 in control group whereas the experiment group was 6.47±0.67 (t=9.01, P<0.01), and in planktonic S. epidermidis experiment the final data was 8.34±0.20 (control group) and 6.97±0.59 (experiment group) (t=8.84, P<0.01). In biofilm S. aureus experiment, the mean lgCFU was 8.68±0.05 (control group), 6.90±0.96(experiment group) (t=3.68, P<0.05); and in biofilm S. epidermidis experiment the data was 8.67±0.05 (control group), 7.29±0.61 (experiment group, t=5.07, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrated that ALA-mediated PDT on multi-antibiotic-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis from CRS patients was effective in vitro. Additional work defining if the PDT treatment would damage the nasal mucosa and further checking the effectiveness of PDT in vivo is still needed.

Aminolevulinic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biofilms ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Humans ; Light ; Photochemotherapy ; Photosensitizing Agents ; therapeutic use ; Rhinitis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Sinusitis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; Staphylococcus