Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is the main risk factor for the development and progres-sion of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Through re-peated inflammatory stimulation,liver cells regen-eration,fibrosis,and scar formation,it may eventu-ally progress to HCC.Antiviral treatment reduces the incidence of HBV-related HCC and the risk of postoperative recurrence by reducing HBV DNA lev-el,thereby improving prognosis.Many recent stud-ies have found that different kinds of nucleos(t)ide analogues(NAs)may have differential improve-ments in the prevention of HBV-related HCC occur-rence and postoperative recurrence.This article re-views the differential improvement of different cat-egories of NAs in HBV-related HCC and the possible mechanisms.

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is the main risk factor for the development and progres-sion of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Through re-peated inflammatory stimulation,liver cells regen-eration,fibrosis,and scar formation,it may eventu-ally progress to HCC.Antiviral treatment reduces the incidence of HBV-related HCC and the risk of postoperative recurrence by reducing HBV DNA lev-el,thereby improving prognosis.Many recent stud-ies have found that different kinds of nucleos(t)ide analogues(NAs)may have differential improve-ments in the prevention of HBV-related HCC occur-rence and postoperative recurrence.This article re-views the differential improvement of different cat-egories of NAs in HBV-related HCC and the possible mechanisms.

Hepatitis E virus(HEV)infection is an infectious disease that can lead to acute or chronic hepatitis E and poten-tially liver failure.HEV can invade multiple organ systems outside the liver,thus leading to pathological damage and diverse clinical manifestations.Neurological disorders are the most common extrahepatic diseases associated with HEV infection.The rare associated extrahepatic diseases include renal disorders,hematological disorders,acute pancreatitis,endocrine system dis-eases,and male infertility.Hence,HEV infection should be considered as a systemic disease rather than solely a liver disease.Many reports have described nervous system diseases caused by HEV infection.This article reviews the rare extrahepatic disea-ses and pathogenic mechanisms of hepatitis E,to enhance comprehensive,in-depth understanding of HEV infection,and to provide a reference for early identification and intervention.

Hepatitis E virus(HEV)infection is an infectious disease that can lead to acute or chronic hepatitis E and poten-tially liver failure.HEV can invade multiple organ systems outside the liver,thus leading to pathological damage and diverse clinical manifestations.Neurological disorders are the most common extrahepatic diseases associated with HEV infection.The rare associated extrahepatic diseases include renal disorders,hematological disorders,acute pancreatitis,endocrine system dis-eases,and male infertility.Hence,HEV infection should be considered as a systemic disease rather than solely a liver disease.Many reports have described nervous system diseases caused by HEV infection.This article reviews the rare extrahepatic disea-ses and pathogenic mechanisms of hepatitis E,to enhance comprehensive,in-depth understanding of HEV infection,and to provide a reference for early identification and intervention.

Objective To investigate the perception and willingness of patients on individualized medication of voriconazole,to discuss the factors influencing patients' decision-making,and to support the development of the practice guideline for individualized medication of voriconazole.Methods A cross-sectional study involving various types of patients in 9 hospitals was conducted by questionnaire to evaluate the perception and willingness on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of voriconazole and CYP2C19 genotype testing.Results A total of 119 patients were involved,including 24 (20.17％) children.Ninety five (79.83 ％) patients thought voriconazole TDM was necessary during the treatment of fungal infections.There was a significant difference on preference towards voriconazole TDM between patients who had received voriconazole TDM,before and patients who had never taken voriconazole TDM (100％ vs 75.76％,P ＜ 0.05).Fifty four patients (45.38％) agreed on CYP2C19 gene test.For this question,there was a significant difference among patients with different types of medicare (P ＜ 0.05).The ranking of factors that contributed to the 2 decision-making was consistent (P ＜0.05).The clinical efficacy was the most important factor (mean rank 3.46 and 3.87,respectively),while cost (mean rank 1.89) and potential benefit (mean rank 2) was the least important factor for the 2 decision-making,respectively.Conclusion There was a significant variance among different types of patients on preferences towards voriconazole TDM and CYP2C19 genotype testing,which should be considered for clinicians to make clinical decisions.The perception and willingness of patients should also be considered during the development of clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice.

This paper describes progress on formulating a national asbestos profile for the country of Vietnam. The Center of Asbestos Resource, Vietnam, formulated a National Profile on Asbestos-related Occupational Health, with due reference to the International Labor Organization/World Health Organization National Asbestos Profile. The Center of Asbestos Resource was established by the Vietnamese Health Environment Management Agency and the National Institute of Labor Protection, with the support of the Australian Agency for International Development, as a coordinating point for asbestos-related issues in Vietnam. Under the National Profile on Asbestos-related Occupational Health framework, the Center of Asbestos Resource succeeded in compiling relevant information for 15 of the 18 designated items outlined in the International Labor Organization/World Health Organization National Asbestos Profile, some overlaps of the information items notwithstanding. Today, Vietnam continues to import and use an average of more than 60,000 metric tons of raw asbestos per year. Information on asbestos-related diseases is limited, but the country has begun to diagnose mesothelioma cases, with the technical cooperation of Japan. As it stands, the National Profile on Asbestos-related Occupational Health needs further work and updating. However, we envisage that the National Profile on Asbestos-related Occupational Health will ultimately facilitate the smooth transition to an asbestos-free Vietnam.
Asbestos* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Japan ; Mesothelioma ; Occupational Health ; United States Agency for International Development ; Vietnam* ; World Health Organization

The positive ratio is 74 percent using the plate anaerobe culturing device made by author, higher than using common anaerobic box and anaerobic jar.